Pub Date : 2024-04-30eCollection Date: 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1007/s40614-024-00406-4
Art Dowdy, Kasey Prime, Corey Peltier
Multielement designs are the quintessential design tactic to evaluate outcomes of a functional analysis in applied behavior analysis. Protecting the credibility of the data collection, graphing, and visual analysis processes from a functional analysis increases the likelihood that optimal intervention decisions are made for individuals. Time-series graphs and visual analysis are the most prevalent method used to interpret functional analysis data. The current project included two principal aims. First, we tested whether the graphical construction manipulation of the x-to-y axes ratio (i.e., data points per x- axis to y-axis ratio [DPPXYR]) influenced visual analyst's detection of a function on 32 multielement design graphs displaying functional analyses. Second, we investigated the alignment between board certified behavior analysts (BCBAs; N = 59) visual analysis with the modified visual inspection criteria (Roane et al., Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 46, 130-146, 2013). We found that the crossed GLMM that included random slopes, random intercepts, and did not include an interaction effect (AIC = 1406.1, BIC = 1478.2) performed optimally. Second, alignment between BCBAs decisions and the MVI appeared to be low across data sets. We also leveraged current best practices in Open Science for raw data and analysis transparency.
多元素设计是应用行为分析中评估功能分析结果的典型设计策略。保护功能分析中数据收集、图表绘制和可视化分析过程的可信度，可以提高为个人做出最佳干预决策的可能性。时间序列图和可视化分析是解释功能分析数据最常用的方法。当前的项目包括两个主要目标。首先，我们测试了在显示功能分析的 32 张多元素设计图上，对 x 轴与 y 轴比率（即每个 x 轴与 y 轴的数据点比率 [DPPXYR]）的图形构造操作是否会影响视觉分析师对功能的检测。其次，我们研究了经委员会认证的行为分析师（BCBAs；N = 59）的视觉分析与修改后的视觉检查标准（Roane 等人，《应用行为分析杂志》，46, 130-146, 2013 年）之间的一致性。我们发现，包含随机斜率、随机截距且不包含交互效应的交叉 GLMM（AIC = 1406.1，BIC = 1478.2）表现最佳。其次，在各数据集中，BCBA 的决定与 MVI 之间的一致性似乎较低。我们还利用当前开放科学的最佳实践，实现了原始数据和分析的透明化。
{"title":"Generalized Linear Mixed Effects Modeling (GLMM) of Functional Analysis Graphical Construction Elements on Visual Analysis.","authors":"Art Dowdy, Kasey Prime, Corey Peltier","doi":"10.1007/s40614-024-00406-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40614-024-00406-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multielement designs are the quintessential design tactic to evaluate outcomes of a functional analysis in applied behavior analysis. Protecting the credibility of the data collection, graphing, and visual analysis processes from a functional analysis increases the likelihood that optimal intervention decisions are made for individuals. Time-series graphs and visual analysis are the most prevalent method used to interpret functional analysis data. The current project included two principal aims. First, we tested whether the graphical construction manipulation of the x-to-y axes ratio (i.e., data points per x- axis to y-axis ratio [DPPXYR]) influenced visual analyst's detection of a function on 32 multielement design graphs displaying functional analyses. Second, we investigated the alignment between board certified behavior analysts (BCBAs; <i>N</i> = 59) visual analysis with the modified visual inspection criteria (Roane et al., <i>Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis</i>, <i>46</i>, 130-146, 2013). We found that the crossed GLMM that included random slopes, random intercepts, and did not include an interaction effect (AIC = 1406.1, BIC = 1478.2) performed optimally. Second, alignment between BCBAs decisions and the MVI appeared to be low across data sets. We also leveraged current best practices in Open Science for raw data and analysis transparency.</p>","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11294292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-29eCollection Date: 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1007/s40614-024-00403-7
Erin B Rasmussen, Lillith Camp, Steven R Lawyer
Delay discounting (DD) refers to the tendency to devalue an outcome as a function of its delay. Most contemporary human DD research uses hypothetical money to assess individual rates of DD. However, nonmonetary outcomes such as food, substances of misuse, and sexual outcomes have been used as well, and have advantages because of their connections to health. This article reviews the literature on the use of nonmonetary outcomes of food, drugs, and sexual outcomes in relation to health and reinforcer pathologies such as substance use disorders, obesity, and sexual risk behaviors, respectively, and makes a case for their use in discounting research. First, food, substances, and sex may be more ecologically valid outcomes than money in terms of their connections to health problems and reinforcer pathologies. Second, consistent trends in commodity-specific (i.e., domain) effects, in which nonmonetary outcomes are discounted more steeply than money, enhance variation in discounting values. Third, commodity-specific changes in discounting with treatments designed to change health choices are described. Finally, methodological trends such as test-retest reliability, magnitude effects, the use of hypothetical versus real outcomes, and age-related effects are discussed in relation to the three outcome types and compared to trends with monetary discounting. Limitations that center around individual preferences, nonsystematic data, and deprivation are discussed. We argue that researchers can enhance their DD research, especially those related to health problems and reinforcer pathologies, with the use of nonmonetary outcomes. Recommendations for future directions of research are delineated.
{"title":"The Use of Nonmonetary Outcomes in Health-Related Delay Discounting Research: Review and Recommendations.","authors":"Erin B Rasmussen, Lillith Camp, Steven R Lawyer","doi":"10.1007/s40614-024-00403-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40614-024-00403-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Delay discounting (DD) refers to the tendency to devalue an outcome as a function of its delay. Most contemporary human DD research uses hypothetical money to assess individual rates of DD. However, nonmonetary outcomes such as food, substances of misuse, and sexual outcomes have been used as well, and have advantages because of their connections to health. This article reviews the literature on the use of nonmonetary outcomes of food, drugs, and sexual outcomes in relation to health and reinforcer pathologies such as substance use disorders, obesity, and sexual risk behaviors, respectively, and makes a case for their use in discounting research. First, food, substances, and sex may be more ecologically valid outcomes than money in terms of their connections to health problems and reinforcer pathologies. Second, consistent trends in commodity-specific (i.e., domain) effects, in which nonmonetary outcomes are discounted more steeply than money, enhance variation in discounting values. Third, commodity-specific changes in discounting with treatments designed to change health choices are described. Finally, methodological trends such as test-retest reliability, magnitude effects, the use of hypothetical versus real outcomes, and age-related effects are discussed in relation to the three outcome types and compared to trends with monetary discounting. Limitations that center around individual preferences, nonsystematic data, and deprivation are discussed. We argue that researchers can enhance their DD research, especially those related to health problems and reinforcer pathologies, with the use of nonmonetary outcomes. Recommendations for future directions of research are delineated.</p>","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11294320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-25DOI: 10.1007/s40614-024-00402-8
Mônica Gonçalves-Garcia, Daniel R. Barto, Nicole Reyna, Benjamin J. Clark, Derek A. Hamilton
{"title":"The Prominence of Action Sequences and Behavioral Similarity in the Morris Water Task","authors":"Mônica Gonçalves-Garcia, Daniel R. Barto, Nicole Reyna, Benjamin J. Clark, Derek A. Hamilton","doi":"10.1007/s40614-024-00402-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-024-00402-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140655290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.1007/s40614-024-00401-9
Rachelle N. Huntington, Natalie M. Badgett, Roxanne M. Bristol, Jakob McIntosh, Elizabeth M. Kelly, Alice Bravo, Young Hee Byun, Madelynn S. Park, Kaitlin Greeny
{"title":"A Descriptive Assessment of Social Validity Source, Timing, and Direct Consumer Inclusion in Behavior Analytic Research","authors":"Rachelle N. Huntington, Natalie M. Badgett, Roxanne M. Bristol, Jakob McIntosh, Elizabeth M. Kelly, Alice Bravo, Young Hee Byun, Madelynn S. Park, Kaitlin Greeny","doi":"10.1007/s40614-024-00401-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-024-00401-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.1007/s40614-024-00398-1
Alyssa M. Hurd, Katherine R. Brown, Kayla R. Randall
{"title":"Stimulus Avoidance Assessment: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Alyssa M. Hurd, Katherine R. Brown, Kayla R. Randall","doi":"10.1007/s40614-024-00398-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-024-00398-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140431413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.1007/s40614-024-00399-0
Amanda Gilmore, D. Barnes-Holmes, M. Sivaraman
{"title":"A Modern Collaborative Behavior Analytic Approach to Incidental Naming","authors":"Amanda Gilmore, D. Barnes-Holmes, M. Sivaraman","doi":"10.1007/s40614-024-00399-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-024-00399-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140444458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1007/s40614-024-00397-2
Nadine Hempkin, M. Sivaraman, D. Barnes-Holmes
{"title":"Deictic Relational Responding and Perspective-Taking in Autistic Individuals: A Scoping Review","authors":"Nadine Hempkin, M. Sivaraman, D. Barnes-Holmes","doi":"10.1007/s40614-024-00397-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-024-00397-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139802351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1007/s40614-024-00396-3
Sho Araiba
{"title":"The Evolution of the Conceptually Systematic Dimension and Its Current Functions in Applied Behavior Analysis","authors":"Sho Araiba","doi":"10.1007/s40614-024-00396-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-024-00396-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139687579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.1007/s40614-023-00395-w
Jennifer L. Bruzek, Rachel H. Thompson, B. Witts
{"title":"A Review of Crying and Caregiving: Crying as a Stimulus","authors":"Jennifer L. Bruzek, Rachel H. Thompson, B. Witts","doi":"10.1007/s40614-023-00395-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-023-00395-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140483769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1007/s40614-023-00394-x
Ian Cero, Jiebo Luo, J. Falligant
{"title":"Lexicon-Based Sentiment Analysis in Behavioral Research","authors":"Ian Cero, Jiebo Luo, J. Falligant","doi":"10.1007/s40614-023-00394-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-023-00394-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139599508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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