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Simulating Spray Dynamics with a Finite Element Method for Internal Combustion Engines using Large Eddy Simulations 基于大涡模拟的内燃机喷雾动力学有限元模拟
Q3 THERMODYNAMICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/computthermalscien.2023048363
David Carrington, Jiajia Waters
Spray dynamics in an internal combustion engine is comprised of complex phenomena while interacting with unsteady turbulence. The physics requires detailed modeling of the dynamics for spray and carrier gases to accurately predict a spray’s fate. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence modeling approaches are capable predictors of the turbulent processes and are capable of dynamically modeling sub-grid scales, therefore enabling calculation of model coefficients for the smallest resolved scale. Dynamic LES methods are also well suited for unsteady flows associated with spray injection and engine fluid dynamics. In this study, for the first time, a dynamic Verman LES scheme employed, in a stabilized a finite element framework, is used to model the spray process with emphasis on injected fuels for simulating internal combustion engines. Spray modeling often comprises a coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to capture the droplet/particle dynamics, where the droplets are modeled in the Lagrangian frame. The momentum and heat exchange between the fluid gases and the evaporating and atomizing spray droplets are modeled in a two-way coupling system as described in this paper. Direct injected liquid is modeled in this paper as a spherical ligament of fuel and ligament break-up to atomization use our version of the Kelvin Helmholtz break-up scheme. Discussed are models and methods of the whole system in some detail, the method for simulation of the fluid’s momentum, heat transfer and turbulence are discussed as is the system to evaluate droplet or ligament properties. Validation or results of the modeling are presented on test cases as determined by Engine Combustion Network (E
内燃机内的喷雾动力学是由复杂的现象组成的,并与非定常湍流相互作用。物理学要求对喷雾和载气的动力学进行详细的建模,以准确地预测喷雾的命运。大涡模拟(LES)湍流建模方法能够预测湍流过程,并且能够动态模拟子网格尺度,因此能够计算最小分辨率尺度的模型系数。动态LES方法也非常适合于与喷射和发动机流体动力学相关的非定常流动。在本研究中,首次在稳定的有限元框架中采用动态Verman LES格式来模拟喷射过程,重点是喷射燃料,以模拟内燃机。喷雾建模通常包括耦合欧拉-拉格朗日方法来捕捉液滴/粒子动力学,其中液滴在拉格朗日框架中建模。本文将流体气体与蒸发和雾化喷雾液滴之间的动量和热交换建模为双向耦合系统。本文将直接注入液体建模为燃料的球形韧带,并使用我们版本的开尔文-亥姆霍兹破裂方案将韧带破裂为雾化。详细讨论了整个系统的模型和方法,讨论了流体动量、传热和湍流的模拟方法,以及液滴或韧带性质的评估系统。通过发动机燃烧网络(E . net)确定的测试案例,给出了模型的验证或结果
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引用次数: 0
Unsteady mixed convection hydromagnetic Casson thermodiffusion flow of reacting and dissipating fluid with an inclined magnetic field along an oscillating slanted porous plate 斜磁场作用下反应和耗散流体沿振荡斜多孔板的非定常混合对流流体磁卡森热扩散流动
Q3 THERMODYNAMICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/computthermalscien.2023050323
A. Jackson Kobia, B. Prabhakar Reddy, P. M. Matao
A finite element numerical simulation is undertaken to explore the aspects of angled magnetic field and thermo-diffusion on an unsteady reacting mixed convection flow of hydro-magnetic Casson dissipating fluid with thermal radiation. The fluid streams across an oscillating tilted plate ingrained in a porous medium including time altering temperature and concentration. The dimensionless flow guiding partial differential equations along their associated initial and boundary conditions are handled enforcing an efficient finite element scheme. The key parameters affecting the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are comprehensively interpreted through graphical representations while the skin friction, heat transfer, and mass transfer rates outlined via tables. The ultimate results of this study posted that the plate inclination angle, Casson parameter, and applied magnetic strengths are compelled to impede the fluid velocity and local skin friction whereas the porosity parameter displays a reverse effect. The thermo-diffusion effect amplifies the fluid velocity and species concentration. It also supported that the Eckert number and heat source boost up the velocity and temperature profiles. Moreover, increasing radiation parameter and time crusade an upsurge the Nusselt number. The chemical reaction quickens the Sherwood number but it decays with the thermo-diffusion parameter. A comparative analysis between the current findings and existing research works in the literature demonstrates the results’ precision and exactitude.
采用有限元数值模拟方法,探讨了带热辐射的磁磁卡森耗散流体非定常反应混合对流的角度磁场和热扩散问题。流体流过嵌入多孔介质中的振荡倾斜板,其中包括随时间变化的温度和浓度。采用有效的有限元格式处理了无量纲导流偏微分方程及其相关的初始条件和边界条件。影响速度、温度和浓度分布的关键参数通过图形表示全面解释,而表面摩擦、传热和传质率通过表格概述。本研究的最终结果表明,板倾角、卡森参数和外加磁场强度会影响流体速度和局部表面摩擦,而孔隙度参数则会影响流体速度和局部表面摩擦。热扩散效应放大了流体速度和物质浓度。它还支持埃克特数和热源提高速度和温度分布。此外,随着辐射参数和时间的增加,努塞尔数急剧增加。化学反应使舍伍德数加快,但随热扩散参数的增大而衰减。通过与文献中已有研究成果的对比分析,证明了所得结果的准确性和准确性。
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引用次数: 0
Landau Legendre Wavelet Galerkin Method Applied to Study Two Phase Moving Boundary Problem of Heat Transfer in Finite Region 应用朗道-勒让德小波伽辽金方法研究有限区域内传热的两相移动边界问题
Q3 THERMODYNAMICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/computthermalscien.2023046663
Subrahamanyam Upadhyay, Priti Sharma, Harpreet Kaur, Kavindra Nath Rai, Anand Chauhan
In this paper, we developed a mathematical model of solidification where specific heat and thermal conductivity are temperature dependent. This model is a two-phase MBP of heat transfer in finite region and represents as MBP of system of parabolic non-linear second order PDEs. We developed a Landau Legendre Wavelet Galerkin Method for finding the solution of the problem. The MBP of a system of PDEs is transformed into a variable boundary value problem of non-linear ODEs by the use of dimensionless variables and the Landau transform. The problem is converted into system of algebraic equations with the application of Legendre Wavelet Galerkin Method. In particular case, we compared present solution with Laplace transform solution and found approximately same. The whole investigation has been done in dimensionless form. When the specific heat and thermal conductivity exponentially varies in temperatures, the effect of dimensionless parameters: Thermal diffusivity $(alpha_{12})$, ratio of Thermal conductivity $(k_{12})$, dimensionless temperature $(theta_{f})$, Fourier number $(F_0)$,Stefan number $(Ste)$ and ratio of densities $left(rho_{1}/rho_{2} right)$ are discussed in detail.
在本文中,我们开发了一个凝固的数学模型,其中比热和导热系数取决于温度。该模型是有限区域内传热的两相MBP,表示为抛物型非线性二阶偏微分方程系统的MBP。我们提出了一种朗道-勒让德小波伽辽金方法来求解这一问题。利用无量纲变量和朗道变换,将偏微分方程系统的MBP问题转化为非线性偏微分方程的变边值问题。应用让让德小波伽辽金方法将问题转化为代数方程组。在特殊情况下,我们将本解与拉普拉斯变换解进行比较,得到近似相同的结果。整个调查是以无量纲的形式进行的。当比热和导热系数随温度呈指数变化时,详细讨论了无量纲参数:热扩散系数$(alpha_{12})$、导热系数$(k_{12})$、无量纲温度$(theta_{f})$、傅里叶数$(F_0)$、斯蒂芬数$(Ste)$和密度比$left(rho_{1}/rho_{2} right)$的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Primary Breakup Instability of Liquid Jet in Crossflow 横流中液体射流的初次破裂不稳定性
Q3 THERMODYNAMICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/computthermalscien.2023048933
Bharat Bhatia, Tom Johny, Ashoke De
The liquid jet in crossflows (LJICF) has been analyzed using the compressible Volume of Fluid-Lagrangian Particle Tracking (VOF-LPT) coupled solver for the instabilities that result in the primary breakup. It is understood that the dominant force driving the instabilities change with the Weber number and momentum flux ratio. The Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability is found to be prevalent at low momentum flux ratio, whereas the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability is dominant at higher values. In the present work, the instability causing the primary breakup is analyzed for a range of Weber numbers and momentum flux ratios where the breakup is predominantly caused by either KH or RT instability. It is observed that the transition from KH waves to RT waves happens for the momentum flux ratio values ranging from 20 to 50. Also, the lower Weber number cases appear to show the domination of long KH waves on the liquid jet column with negligible turbulence.
采用流体可压缩体积-拉格朗日粒子跟踪(VOF-LPT)耦合求解器对导致初破的液体射流进行了分析。据了解,驱动不稳定性的主导力随韦伯数和动量通量比的变化而变化。在动量通量比较低时,普遍存在Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH)不稳定性,而在动量通量比较高时,则主要存在Rayleigh-Taylor (RT)不稳定性。在本研究中,我们分析了韦伯数和动量通量比范围内引起初裂的不稳定性,其中主要是由KH或RT不稳定性引起的。观察到动量通量比在20 ~ 50范围内发生KH波向RT波的转变。此外,较低韦伯数的情况似乎显示出长KH波在湍流可忽略的液体射流柱上的统治地位。
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引用次数: 0
Validation of Computational Modeling of Complex Thermal Processes and Systems: A Tribute to Professor Darrell Pepper 复杂热过程和系统的计算模型的验证:向达雷尔·佩珀教授致敬
Q3 THERMODYNAMICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/computthermalscien.2023049306
Yogesh Jaluria
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引用次数: 0
TWO MEMBERS OF THE EDITORIAL BOARD RECEIVE AWARDS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER (ICHMT) 两名编委会成员获得国际热质传递中心(ichmt)颁发的奖项。
Q3 THERMODYNAMICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/computthermalscien.2023049471
Wilson Chiu, HELCIO ORLANDE
Renato Machado Cotta receives the 2022 Luikov medal and Leonid A. Dombrovsky receives the 2022 Fellowship Award.
Renato Machado Cotta获得2022年Luikov奖章,Leonid A. Dombrovsky获得2022年奖学金奖。
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引用次数: 0
COUPLED EFFECT OF VARIABLE WETTABILITY AND BODY FORCE ON FLUID FLOW THROUGH NANOCHANNELS: A MULTISCALE APPROACH 可变润湿性和身体力对纳米通道流体流动的耦合效应:多尺度方法
Q3 THERMODYNAMICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/computthermalscien.2022043262
Abhirup Chaudhuri, Vinay Arya, Chirodeep Bakli
Fluid flow through sub-micron domains has been an area of active research in recent years with immense scientific and technological interests. Such flows can show deviation in behavior from the theories of classical hydrodynamics, thus opening up a new paradigm to exploit these unique effects in applications related to transport and detection. By performing extensive molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations of fluid flow through a parallel plate nanochannel of non-uniform wetting characteristics, we bring out the coupled effect of surface wettability and applied body force on interfacial slip. Our results reveal distinctive slip-stick alteration which can be useful in designing channels with engineered effective slip. Moreover, in this study, we revisit a hybrid molecular-continuum multiscale model which can significantly reduce the computational cost of full-scale MD simulations and further provide a framework to discern the flow behavior for a wide spectrum of length scales. The results obtained from this study may provide useful insights, thus carrying immense implications towards designing of multifaceted nanoscale devices and futuristic smart surfaces.
近年来,流体在亚微米域中的流动是一个活跃的研究领域,具有巨大的科学和技术兴趣。这样的流动可以表现出与经典流体力学理论的行为偏差,从而为在与传输和检测相关的应用中利用这些独特的效应开辟了一个新的范例。通过对具有非均匀润湿特性的平行板纳米通道的流体流动进行广泛的分子动力学模拟,得出了表面润湿性和外加力对界面滑移的耦合效应。我们的研究结果揭示了独特的滑杆变化,这对于设计具有工程有效滑移的通道是有用的。此外,在本研究中,我们重新审视了一种混合分子-连续体多尺度模型,该模型可以显著降低全尺寸MD模拟的计算成本,并进一步提供一个框架来识别宽长度尺度范围内的流动行为。从这项研究中获得的结果可能提供有用的见解,从而对设计多面纳米级设备和未来智能表面具有巨大的意义。
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引用次数: 1
Root Exudation of Specialized Molecules for Plant-Environment Interaction. 根系渗出植物与环境互动的特殊分子
IF 1.2 Q3 THERMODYNAMICS Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2022.922
Sergio Rasmann, Ivan Hiltpold

It has been estimated that between 40 and 60 % of the assimilated carbon is diverted to the roots and released in the rhizosphere in form of root exudates. Root exudates thus define a complex mixture of low and high molecular weight compounds, including carbohydrates, amino acids, organic, and proteins, but also a broad spectrum of specialized molecules, such as flavonoids, glucosinolates, terpenoids, or alkaloids. Root exudates favour soil mineral nutrition, can bind to soil aggregate and in turn modify soil physico-chemical properties, but also mediate plant-plant, plant-microbe, and plant-animal interactions belowground. With this review, we aim to highlight how chemical ecologists have approached the study of root exudates-mediated interactions between plants and their biotic and abiotic surroundings. We do so by presenting a series of study cases for, on one hand, showcasing different methodologies that have been developed to test the activity of different root exudates, and, on the other hand, to show the broad array of interactions mediated by root exudates. Ultimately, we aim to spur further research and collaborations between chemists and ecologists studying belowground chemically-mediated interactions, so as to tackle essential challenges in terms of food security and climate change in the near future.

据估计,被同化的碳中有40%至60%被转移到根,并以根分泌物的形式释放到根际。因此,根分泌物定义了低分子量和高分子量化合物的复杂混合物,包括碳水化合物、氨基酸、有机物和蛋白质,但也包括广泛的特殊分子,如类黄酮、硫代葡萄糖苷、萜类或生物碱。根系分泌物有利于土壤矿质营养,可以与土壤团聚体结合,进而改变土壤的物理化学性质,但也介导地下植物-植物,植物-微生物和植物-动物的相互作用。在这篇综述中,我们的目的是强调化学生态学家如何研究根分泌物介导的植物与其生物和非生物环境之间的相互作用。为此,我们提出了一系列研究案例,一方面展示了用于测试不同根分泌物活性的不同方法,另一方面,展示了由根分泌物介导的广泛的相互作用。最终,我们的目标是促进化学家和生态学家之间进一步的研究和合作,研究地下化学介导的相互作用,以便在不久的将来解决粮食安全和气候变化方面的基本挑战。
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引用次数: 2
Modelling of liquid drop heating and evaporation: the effect of drop shrinking 液滴加热和蒸发的模拟:液滴收缩的影响
IF 1.5 Q3 THERMODYNAMICS Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/COMPUTTHERMALSCIEN.2018021330
S. Tonini, G. Cossali
The process of heat and mass transfer from a spherical mono-component liquid drop evaporating into a gas environment is investigated, relaxing the commonly adopted quasi-steady approximation and accounting for the inherent unsteadiness caused by the sudden immersion of a liquid drop in a gaseous environment. The drop radius shrinking due to evaporation settles a moving boundary problem, which is transposed to a fixed boundary one by a proper coordinate transformation. The heat and evaporation rates and the drop diameter evolution are quantified by numerical solution of the species and energy conservation equations and the overall mass and energy balances over the drop for different species (water, n-octane, n-dodecane, ethanol).
研究了单组分球形液滴蒸发到气体环境中的传热传质过程,放松了通常采用的准稳态近似,并考虑了液滴在气体环境中突然浸入所引起的固有不稳定性。蒸发引起的水滴半径缩小解决了一个移动边界问题,通过适当的坐标变换将其转化为一个固定边界问题。通过物种和能量守恒方程的数值解,以及不同物种(水、正辛烷、正十二烷、乙醇)在液滴上的总质量和能量平衡,量化了热速率、蒸发速率和液滴直径演变。
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引用次数: 3
Joint influence of high entropy layer and goertler vortices on heat transfer in supersonic compression ramp flow 超声速压缩斜流中高熵层和控制涡对换热的联合影响
IF 1.5 Q3 THERMODYNAMICS Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/COMPUTTHERMALSCIEN.2016018947
P. Chuvakhov, H. Olivier, I. Egorov, A. Roghelia
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Computational Thermal Sciences
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