Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1615/computthermalscien.2023048363
David Carrington, Jiajia Waters
Spray dynamics in an internal combustion engine is comprised of complex phenomena while interacting with unsteady turbulence. The physics requires detailed modeling of the dynamics for spray and carrier gases to accurately predict a spray’s fate. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence modeling approaches are capable predictors of the turbulent processes and are capable of dynamically modeling sub-grid scales, therefore enabling calculation of model coefficients for the smallest resolved scale. Dynamic LES methods are also well suited for unsteady flows associated with spray injection and engine fluid dynamics. In this study, for the first time, a dynamic Verman LES scheme employed, in a stabilized a finite element framework, is used to model the spray process with emphasis on injected fuels for simulating internal combustion engines. Spray modeling often comprises a coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to capture the droplet/particle dynamics, where the droplets are modeled in the Lagrangian frame. The momentum and heat exchange between the fluid gases and the evaporating and atomizing spray droplets are modeled in a two-way coupling system as described in this paper. Direct injected liquid is modeled in this paper as a spherical ligament of fuel and ligament break-up to atomization use our version of the Kelvin Helmholtz break-up scheme. Discussed are models and methods of the whole system in some detail, the method for simulation of the fluid’s momentum, heat transfer and turbulence are discussed as is the system to evaluate droplet or ligament properties. Validation or results of the modeling are presented on test cases as determined by Engine Combustion Network (E
{"title":"Simulating Spray Dynamics with a Finite Element Method for Internal Combustion Engines using Large Eddy Simulations","authors":"David Carrington, Jiajia Waters","doi":"10.1615/computthermalscien.2023048363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/computthermalscien.2023048363","url":null,"abstract":"Spray dynamics in an internal combustion engine is comprised of complex phenomena while interacting with unsteady turbulence. The physics requires detailed modeling of the dynamics for spray and carrier gases to accurately predict a spray’s fate. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence modeling approaches are capable predictors of the turbulent processes and are capable of dynamically modeling sub-grid scales, therefore enabling calculation of model coefficients for the smallest resolved scale. Dynamic LES methods are also well suited for unsteady flows associated with spray injection and engine fluid dynamics. In this study, for the first time, a dynamic Verman LES scheme employed, in a stabilized a finite element framework, is used to model the spray process with emphasis on injected fuels for simulating internal combustion engines. Spray modeling often comprises a coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to capture the droplet/particle dynamics, where the droplets are modeled in the Lagrangian frame. The momentum and heat exchange between the fluid gases and the evaporating and atomizing spray droplets are modeled in a two-way coupling system as described in this paper. Direct injected liquid is modeled in this paper as a spherical ligament of fuel and ligament break-up to atomization use our version of the Kelvin Helmholtz break-up scheme. Discussed are models and methods of the whole system in some detail, the method for simulation of the fluid’s momentum, heat transfer and turbulence are discussed as is the system to evaluate droplet or ligament properties. Validation or results of the modeling are presented on test cases as determined by Engine Combustion Network (E","PeriodicalId":45052,"journal":{"name":"Computational Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135559422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1615/computthermalscien.2023050323
A. Jackson Kobia, B. Prabhakar Reddy, P. M. Matao
A finite element numerical simulation is undertaken to explore the aspects of angled magnetic field and thermo-diffusion on an unsteady reacting mixed convection flow of hydro-magnetic Casson dissipating fluid with thermal radiation. The fluid streams across an oscillating tilted plate ingrained in a porous medium including time altering temperature and concentration. The dimensionless flow guiding partial differential equations along their associated initial and boundary conditions are handled enforcing an efficient finite element scheme. The key parameters affecting the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are comprehensively interpreted through graphical representations while the skin friction, heat transfer, and mass transfer rates outlined via tables. The ultimate results of this study posted that the plate inclination angle, Casson parameter, and applied magnetic strengths are compelled to impede the fluid velocity and local skin friction whereas the porosity parameter displays a reverse effect. The thermo-diffusion effect amplifies the fluid velocity and species concentration. It also supported that the Eckert number and heat source boost up the velocity and temperature profiles. Moreover, increasing radiation parameter and time crusade an upsurge the Nusselt number. The chemical reaction quickens the Sherwood number but it decays with the thermo-diffusion parameter. A comparative analysis between the current findings and existing research works in the literature demonstrates the results’ precision and exactitude.
{"title":"Unsteady mixed convection hydromagnetic Casson thermodiffusion flow of reacting and dissipating fluid with an inclined magnetic field along an oscillating slanted porous plate","authors":"A. Jackson Kobia, B. Prabhakar Reddy, P. M. Matao","doi":"10.1615/computthermalscien.2023050323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/computthermalscien.2023050323","url":null,"abstract":"A finite element numerical simulation is undertaken to explore the aspects of angled magnetic field and thermo-diffusion on an unsteady reacting mixed convection flow of hydro-magnetic Casson dissipating fluid with thermal radiation. The fluid streams across an oscillating tilted plate ingrained in a porous medium including time altering temperature and concentration. The dimensionless flow guiding partial differential equations along their associated initial and boundary conditions are handled enforcing an efficient finite element scheme. The key parameters affecting the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are comprehensively interpreted through graphical representations while the skin friction, heat transfer, and mass transfer rates outlined via tables. The ultimate results of this study posted that the plate inclination angle, Casson parameter, and applied magnetic strengths are compelled to impede the fluid velocity and local skin friction whereas the porosity parameter displays a reverse effect. The thermo-diffusion effect amplifies the fluid velocity and species concentration. It also supported that the Eckert number and heat source boost up the velocity and temperature profiles. Moreover, increasing radiation parameter and time crusade an upsurge the Nusselt number. The chemical reaction quickens the Sherwood number but it decays with the thermo-diffusion parameter. A comparative analysis between the current findings and existing research works in the literature demonstrates the results’ precision and exactitude.","PeriodicalId":45052,"journal":{"name":"Computational Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135659971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we developed a mathematical model of solidification where specific heat and thermal conductivity are temperature dependent. This model is a two-phase MBP of heat transfer in finite region and represents as MBP of system of parabolic non-linear second order PDEs. We developed a Landau Legendre Wavelet Galerkin Method for finding the solution of the problem. The MBP of a system of PDEs is transformed into a variable boundary value problem of non-linear ODEs by the use of dimensionless variables and the Landau transform. The problem is converted into system of algebraic equations with the application of Legendre Wavelet Galerkin Method. In particular case, we compared present solution with Laplace transform solution and found approximately same. The whole investigation has been done in dimensionless form. When the specific heat and thermal conductivity exponentially varies in temperatures, the effect of dimensionless parameters: Thermal diffusivity $(alpha_{12})$, ratio of Thermal conductivity $(k_{12})$, dimensionless temperature $(theta_{f})$, Fourier number $(F_0)$,Stefan number $(Ste)$ and ratio of densities $left(rho_{1}/rho_{2} right)$ are discussed in detail.
{"title":"Landau Legendre Wavelet Galerkin Method Applied to Study Two Phase Moving Boundary Problem of Heat Transfer in Finite Region","authors":"Subrahamanyam Upadhyay, Priti Sharma, Harpreet Kaur, Kavindra Nath Rai, Anand Chauhan","doi":"10.1615/computthermalscien.2023046663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/computthermalscien.2023046663","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we developed a mathematical model of solidification where specific heat and thermal conductivity are temperature dependent. This model is a two-phase MBP of heat transfer in finite region and represents as MBP of system of parabolic non-linear second order PDEs. We developed a Landau Legendre Wavelet Galerkin Method for finding the solution of the problem. The MBP of a system of PDEs is transformed into a variable boundary value problem of non-linear ODEs by the use of dimensionless variables and the Landau transform. The problem is converted into system of algebraic equations with the application of Legendre Wavelet Galerkin Method. In particular case, we compared present solution with Laplace transform solution and found approximately same. The whole investigation has been done in dimensionless form. When the specific heat and thermal conductivity exponentially varies in temperatures, the effect of dimensionless parameters: Thermal diffusivity $(alpha_{12})$, ratio of Thermal conductivity $(k_{12})$, dimensionless temperature $(theta_{f})$, Fourier number $(F_0)$,Stefan number $(Ste)$ and ratio of densities $left(rho_{1}/rho_{2} right)$ are discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":45052,"journal":{"name":"Computational Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135550423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1615/computthermalscien.2023048933
Bharat Bhatia, Tom Johny, Ashoke De
The liquid jet in crossflows (LJICF) has been analyzed using the compressible Volume of Fluid-Lagrangian Particle Tracking (VOF-LPT) coupled solver for the instabilities that result in the primary breakup. It is understood that the dominant force driving the instabilities change with the Weber number and momentum flux ratio. The Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability is found to be prevalent at low momentum flux ratio, whereas the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability is dominant at higher values. In the present work, the instability causing the primary breakup is analyzed for a range of Weber numbers and momentum flux ratios where the breakup is predominantly caused by either KH or RT instability. It is observed that the transition from KH waves to RT waves happens for the momentum flux ratio values ranging from 20 to 50. Also, the lower Weber number cases appear to show the domination of long KH waves on the liquid jet column with negligible turbulence.
{"title":"Primary Breakup Instability of Liquid Jet in Crossflow","authors":"Bharat Bhatia, Tom Johny, Ashoke De","doi":"10.1615/computthermalscien.2023048933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/computthermalscien.2023048933","url":null,"abstract":"The liquid jet in crossflows (LJICF) has been analyzed using the compressible Volume of Fluid-Lagrangian Particle Tracking (VOF-LPT) coupled solver for the instabilities that result in the primary breakup. It is understood that the dominant force driving the instabilities change with the Weber number and momentum flux ratio. The Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability is found to be prevalent at low momentum flux ratio, whereas the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability is dominant at higher values. In the present work, the instability causing the primary breakup is analyzed for a range of Weber numbers and momentum flux ratios where the breakup is predominantly caused by either KH or RT instability. It is observed that the transition from KH waves to RT waves happens for the momentum flux ratio values ranging from 20 to 50. Also, the lower Weber number cases appear to show the domination of long KH waves on the liquid jet column with negligible turbulence.","PeriodicalId":45052,"journal":{"name":"Computational Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135211735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1615/computthermalscien.2023049306
Yogesh Jaluria
{"title":"Validation of Computational Modeling of Complex Thermal Processes and Systems: A Tribute to Professor Darrell Pepper","authors":"Yogesh Jaluria","doi":"10.1615/computthermalscien.2023049306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/computthermalscien.2023049306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45052,"journal":{"name":"Computational Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134980007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1615/computthermalscien.2023049471
Wilson Chiu, HELCIO ORLANDE
Renato Machado Cotta receives the 2022 Luikov medal and Leonid A. Dombrovsky receives the 2022 Fellowship Award.
Renato Machado Cotta获得2022年Luikov奖章，Leonid A. Dombrovsky获得2022年奖学金奖。
{"title":"TWO MEMBERS OF THE EDITORIAL BOARD RECEIVE AWARDS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER (ICHMT)","authors":"Wilson Chiu, HELCIO ORLANDE","doi":"10.1615/computthermalscien.2023049471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/computthermalscien.2023049471","url":null,"abstract":"Renato Machado Cotta receives the 2022 Luikov medal and Leonid A. Dombrovsky receives the 2022 Fellowship Award.","PeriodicalId":45052,"journal":{"name":"Computational Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135700900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1615/computthermalscien.2022043262
Abhirup Chaudhuri, Vinay Arya, Chirodeep Bakli
Fluid flow through sub-micron domains has been an area of active research in recent years with immense scientific and technological interests. Such flows can show deviation in behavior from the theories of classical hydrodynamics, thus opening up a new paradigm to exploit these unique effects in applications related to transport and detection. By performing extensive molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations of fluid flow through a parallel plate nanochannel of non-uniform wetting characteristics, we bring out the coupled effect of surface wettability and applied body force on interfacial slip. Our results reveal distinctive slip-stick alteration which can be useful in designing channels with engineered effective slip. Moreover, in this study, we revisit a hybrid molecular-continuum multiscale model which can significantly reduce the computational cost of full-scale MD simulations and further provide a framework to discern the flow behavior for a wide spectrum of length scales. The results obtained from this study may provide useful insights, thus carrying immense implications towards designing of multifaceted nanoscale devices and futuristic smart surfaces.
{"title":"COUPLED EFFECT OF VARIABLE WETTABILITY AND BODY FORCE ON FLUID FLOW THROUGH NANOCHANNELS: A MULTISCALE APPROACH","authors":"Abhirup Chaudhuri, Vinay Arya, Chirodeep Bakli","doi":"10.1615/computthermalscien.2022043262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/computthermalscien.2022043262","url":null,"abstract":"Fluid flow through sub-micron domains has been an area of active research in recent years with immense scientific and technological interests. Such flows can show deviation in behavior from the theories of classical hydrodynamics, thus opening up a new paradigm to exploit these unique effects in applications related to transport and detection. By performing extensive molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations of fluid flow through a parallel plate nanochannel of non-uniform wetting characteristics, we bring out the coupled effect of surface wettability and applied body force on interfacial slip. Our results reveal distinctive slip-stick alteration which can be useful in designing channels with engineered effective slip. Moreover, in this study, we revisit a hybrid molecular-continuum multiscale model which can significantly reduce the computational cost of full-scale MD simulations and further provide a framework to discern the flow behavior for a wide spectrum of length scales. The results obtained from this study may provide useful insights, thus carrying immense implications towards designing of multifaceted nanoscale devices and futuristic smart surfaces.","PeriodicalId":45052,"journal":{"name":"Computational Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135237085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1615/COMPUTTHERMALSCIEN.2018021330
S. Tonini, G. Cossali
The process of heat and mass transfer from a spherical mono-component liquid drop evaporating into a gas environment is investigated, relaxing the commonly adopted quasi-steady approximation and accounting for the inherent unsteadiness caused by the sudden immersion of a liquid drop in a gaseous environment. The drop radius shrinking due to evaporation settles a moving boundary problem, which is transposed to a fixed boundary one by a proper coordinate transformation. The heat and evaporation rates and the drop diameter evolution are quantified by numerical solution of the species and energy conservation equations and the overall mass and energy balances over the drop for different species (water, n-octane, n-dodecane, ethanol).
{"title":"Modelling of liquid drop heating and evaporation: the effect of drop shrinking","authors":"S. Tonini, G. Cossali","doi":"10.1615/COMPUTTHERMALSCIEN.2018021330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/COMPUTTHERMALSCIEN.2018021330","url":null,"abstract":"The process of heat and mass transfer from a spherical mono-component liquid drop evaporating into a gas environment is investigated, relaxing the commonly adopted quasi-steady approximation and accounting for the inherent unsteadiness caused by the sudden immersion of a liquid drop in a gaseous environment. The drop radius shrinking due to evaporation settles a moving boundary problem, which is transposed to a fixed boundary one by a proper coordinate transformation. The heat and evaporation rates and the drop diameter evolution are quantified by numerical solution of the species and energy conservation equations and the overall mass and energy balances over the drop for different species (water, n-octane, n-dodecane, ethanol).","PeriodicalId":45052,"journal":{"name":"Computational Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67420352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1615/COMPUTTHERMALSCIEN.2016018947
P. Chuvakhov, H. Olivier, I. Egorov, A. Roghelia
{"title":"Joint influence of high entropy layer and goertler vortices on heat transfer in supersonic compression ramp flow","authors":"P. Chuvakhov, H. Olivier, I. Egorov, A. Roghelia","doi":"10.1615/COMPUTTHERMALSCIEN.2016018947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/COMPUTTHERMALSCIEN.2016018947","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45052,"journal":{"name":"Computational Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67420342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1615/COMPUTTHERMALSCIEN.2015014473
B. Sundén, Dan Huang, Zan Wu
Convective heat transfer of aviation kerosene at supercritical pressures in a vertical upward tube with inner diameter 1.8 mm was numerically studied using RNG k-? turbulence model with enhanced wall treatment. The thermo-physical and transport properties of the aviation kerosene at various temperatures were obtained by a 10-species surrogate and the NIST Supertrapp software. The grid independence was first studied and numerical results were then compared with experimental data for validation. Effects of mass flow rate, heat flux, pressure and inlet temperature on the heat transfer performance were investigated. Under flow conditions given in this work, the results show that the heat transfer coefficient increases with mass flow rate, heat flux or inlet temperature, while increase in inlet pressure reduces heat transfer coefficient. The buoyancy force has little effect on heat transfer. (Less)
{"title":"A numerical study on flow and convective heat transfer of aviation kerosene in a vertical mini-tube at supercritical pressures","authors":"B. Sundén, Dan Huang, Zan Wu","doi":"10.1615/COMPUTTHERMALSCIEN.2015014473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/COMPUTTHERMALSCIEN.2015014473","url":null,"abstract":"Convective heat transfer of aviation kerosene at supercritical pressures in a vertical upward tube with inner diameter 1.8 mm was numerically studied using RNG k-? turbulence model with enhanced wall treatment. The thermo-physical and transport properties of the aviation kerosene at various temperatures were obtained by a 10-species surrogate and the NIST Supertrapp software. The grid independence was first studied and numerical results were then compared with experimental data for validation. Effects of mass flow rate, heat flux, pressure and inlet temperature on the heat transfer performance were investigated. Under flow conditions given in this work, the results show that the heat transfer coefficient increases with mass flow rate, heat flux or inlet temperature, while increase in inlet pressure reduces heat transfer coefficient. The buoyancy force has little effect on heat transfer. (Less)","PeriodicalId":45052,"journal":{"name":"Computational Thermal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67420237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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