Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews最新文献

Background: Understanding the outcomes of humeral shaft fracture treatment using open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or intramedullary nailing (IMN) is essential for optimizing patient management strategies. The aim of this study was to identify the outcomes following plate fixation versus IMN in humeral shaft fractures.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using electronic medical records from January 2005 to March 2023. A propensity score match was performed based on demographic variables and comorbidities. The primary outcome measured was nonunion. Secondary outcomes included malunion, radial nerve palsy, surgical site infections, wound dehiscence, and revision surgery rates.

Results: Following propensity matching, the study analyzed 6592 patients equally distributed between the ORIF and IMN cohorts. The risk of nonunion was significantly higher with ORIF versus IMN, {risk ratio (RR) = 1.70 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52-1.91; P < 0.001)}. Radial nerve palsy was more common with ORIF versus IMN (RR = 2.37 [95% CI, 2.22-2.53; P < 0.001]). Deep infections were more frequent with ORIF versus IMN (RR = 1.56 [95% CI, 1.38-1.78; P = 0.006]). No significant differences were observed for malunion (P = 0.742), total surgical site infections (P = 0.841), or revision surgery (P = 0.216). Wound dehiscence was greater in the ORIF group (RR = 1.54, [95% CI, 1.34-1.76; P = 0.014]).

Conclusion: The findings indicate that IMN is associated with a lower risk of nonunion and radial nerve palsy compared with ORIF with plate fixation in the treatment of humeral shaft fractures. These insights can guide clinicians in making informed decisions regarding surgical intervention, highlighting the importance of individualized treatment planning to mitigate complication risks.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common surgery, following which pain control medications are often prescribed. In recent years, efforts have been made to minimize opioids and other nonnarcotic medications as multimodal regimens evolve following such surgeries.

Methods: Opioid-naïve ACL reconstruction patients were identified from the PearlDiver M165Ortho data set. Those with a history of substance abuse were excluded. Prescriptions of pain management medications were evaluated in the 90 days following surgery per 1000 ACL reconstructions and grouped into the following categories: opioids, benzodiazepines, NSAIDs, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor/tricyclic antidepressant/antiepileptic, tramadol, gabapentinoid, and nonbenzodiazepine muscle relaxant.Trends for annual prescriptions and morphine milligram equivalents were defined. Multivariable analysis was performed to determine factors independently associated with narcotic prescriptions.

Results: A total of 101,331 ACL reconstruction patients met study inclusion criteria. In the 90 days following surgery, opioid prescriptions decreased from 402.7 per 1,000 ACL reconstructions in 2010 to 153.5 in 2021 (-61.9%). Prescriptions of other pain management drugs on aggregate decreased from 298.0 in 2010 to 129.8 in 2021 (-56.4%). Among patients who received opioids in the 90 days postoperatively, morphine milligram equivalents prescribed per 1000 ACL reconstructions decreased from 277,941 in 2010 to 39,640 in 2021 (-85.7%).On multivariate analysis, the strongest predictors of postoperative opioid prescriptions were younger age (odds ratio [OR] 1.30 per decade decrease, P < 0.0001), male sex (relative to female, OR 1.39, P < 0.0001), patient comorbidity (per two-point decrease in Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, OR 1.25, P < 0.0001), and region of the country where surgery was performed (relative to west, Northeast OR 1.20, South OR 1.22, Midwest OR 1.41, P = 0.0006, P = 0.0026, P = 0.0002, respectively). Neither having the use of regional nerve blocks nor having multiple concomittent knee procedures affected postoperative opioid prescriptions.

Conclusion: Fewer prescriptions of both narcotic and nonnarcotic medications following ACL reconstruction had been written over the years from 2010 to 2021, likely in favor of nonprescription over-the-counter analgesics including NSAIDs and acetaminophen. There may be opportunities to further reduce opioid prescribing following ACL reconstruction, particularly among patients receiving regional nerve blocks or those undergoing isolated ACL reconstruction.

Introduction: Due to the high risk of complications, the body mass index (BMI) has been a commonly used cutoff metric for joint replacement surgery. However, the percentage of these complications that are treatable has been minimally reported on. This study seeks to quantify the type and incidence of complications that were treated and resolved within 90 days.

Methods: The demographics, comorbidities, perioperative variables, and complications were reviewed for 700 patients with BMI >40. 475 patients underwent total knee replacement (TKAs) and 225 underwent total hip replacement (THAs). Univariable and multivariable hierarchically generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were utilized to control for relevant covariates.

Results: 211 of the total 700 patients had at least one complication. 205 procedures resulted in a medical complication (29.3%), 105 surgeries resulted in a surgical complication (15.0%), 97 procedures required reoperation (13.9%), and 104 procedures required readmission (14.9%). 149 of the 211 (70.7%) complications were treatable. Among hip replacements on patients with a BMI >40, BMI did not demonstrate a significant overall effect on any unadjusted (p=0.94) complication rate or adjusted analysis (p=0.66). Among knee replacements on patients with a BMI > 40, BMI did not demonstrate a significant overall effect on any unadjusted complication rate (p=0.95) or adjusted analyses (p=0.66). BMI stratification was performed (40-44.99, 45-49.99, and > 50), and no appreciable difference in complications, treatable or non-treatable, were observed.

Conclusions: Although high complication rates were observed in this population rate with significant preoperative morbidities, the majority were treatable.

Purpose: This study sought to assess clinical outcomes following medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) in patients with symptomatic varus knee malalignment and medial compartment grade 4 chondromalacia.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent MOWHTO between 2015 and 2023. The sample consists of 28 knees in 26 patients, all diagnosed with symptomatic varus knee malalignment and medial compartment grade 4 chondromalacia. Preoperative and postoperative knee range of motion was assessed, and patient evaluations were performed using the Lysholm Knee Score (LKS), Oxford Knee Score, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Lower extremity radiographs were taken to assess Kellgren-Lawrence grade (K-L) and Target Correction Angle.

Results: The mean sample age was 50.3 years, with an average follow-up of 56.0 months. All varus deformities were successfully corrected. The mean LKS increased from 33.6 to 79.6 and Oxford Knee Score from 19.0 to 37.6. Pain, assessed using the VAS, decreased from 8.5 to 1.6. All outcome and pain scores demonstrated significant improvement (P < 0.001). In addition, 96% and 92% of patients exceeded the minimal clinically important difference threshold for the LKS and VAS, respectively. One patient required conversion to total knee arthroplasty, yielding a 98.1% procedure survival rate at 64 months. Complications included two hardware removals due to stress shielding and one wound dehiscence.

Conclusion: MOWHTO demonstrated notable improvements in function and pain, with high survival and minimal complications. These results support its use as a viable joint-preserving treatment option for medial compartment varus overload in knees with advanced chondral damage.

Purpose: To analyze if earlier orthopaedic evaluation (within 100 days of injury) is associated with a greater full duty return to work for shoulder arthroscopy patients with active workers' compensation (WC) claims.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of all patients with an active WC claim treated with arthroscopic shoulder surgery at a community hospital between 2011 and 2018 and for 2 years postoperatively. The WC patients were divided into two groups: early orthopaedic evaluation (evaluated within 100 days of injury) and delayed orthopaedic evaluation (evaluated greater than 100 days after injury). Outcomes evaluated were rate and time until full duty return to work.

Results: Final inclusion yielded 59 patients (36 early orthopaedic evaluation and 23 late orthopaedic evaluation). There was a higher rate of return to full duty in early versus late orthopaedic evaluation, 26 of 36 (72%) versus eight of 23 (35%), respectively (P = 0.005). A strong correlation was identified between time until orthopaedic evaluation and time to return to full duty after injury (r = 0.519, P = 0.002). Late orthopaedic evaluation was associated with a 4.89 times increased odds of not returning to full duty (odds ratio = 4.89, 95% confidence interval = [1.6 to 14.9]).

Conclusion: Earlier Orthopaedic Surgeon evaluation of WC patients with shoulder injuries was associated with a higher return to full duty after shoulder arthroscopic surgery.

Introduction: Social media is increasingly popular among orthopaedic surgery residency programs and allows for programs to communicate with current and prospective residents. One way is by showcasing health and wellness initiatives-a critical response to the burnout many orthopaedic surgery residents face. This study investigates trends in wellness-related social media activity among US orthopaedic surgery residency programs to understand the effect wellness initiatives and their representation on social media have on online engagement and program ranking.

Methods: The Orthopaedic Residency Information Network was queried for program information including location, total number of residents, and whether the program has diversity initiatives. Instagram and Twitter/X were used to identify categorized wellness posts between July 1, 2023, and June 30, 2024. Engagement rates and a summated wellness score were then calculated.

Results: A total of 171 orthopaedic surgery residency programs were reviewed. Instagram was the preferred platform for programs, with resident meet-and-greet/mentorship posts being the most common. Programs with higher Doximity rankings, larger resident cohorts, and diversity initiatives posted more wellness-related content. Greater summated wellness scores were also associated with an increased Instagram follower count. Regional differences were also noted, with programs in the Midwest emphasizing greater work-life balance.

Conclusion: This study highlights the association between orthopaedic surgery residency programs leveraging social media to promote a culture of wellness and improved program perception and rankings, which may play a role in attracting top applicants. Residency-related wellness content remains limited, suggesting opportunities for programs to enhance engagement and resident support through strategic social media efforts.

Introduction: The prevalence of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) has been primarily studied in East Asian countries; its prevalence in Western populations remains to be elucidated. We aimed to determine the prevalence of OPLL in a Chilean population aged 60 years and older using fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and CT (PET-CT) as screening tool.

Methods: We evaluated patients between 60 and 73 years consecutively studied with PET-CT in a University Hospital. We assessed whole-body CT scans in both sagittal and axial views to detect the presence of OPLL. We used the Mann-Whitney test to analyze continuous variables, the Fisher test for categorical variables, and a logistic regression analysis to determine the independent effect of age and sex on the presence of OPLL.

Results: We studied 1,009 patients (median age = 66 years); 597 were males (59.17%). Nineteen patients had OPLL, with a prevalence of 1.88% (1.04 to 2.72). OPLL was more prevalent in men (2.68%) than in women (0.73%; P = 0.02). All cases presented cervical involvement; only one had cervical and thoracic OPLL. The median age of patients with OPLL (64 years) and without OPLL (66 years) was not statistically different (P = 0.09). Male sex independently influenced the presence of OPLL (odds ratio = 3.85 [1.11 to 13.33]), age did not (odds ratio = 0.89 [0.78 to 1.02]).

Discussion: This is the first study evaluating the prevalence of OPLL in Latin America. It shows a prevalence alike that in non-Asian populations in the United States and lower than the prevalence described in Asian populations.

Introduction: The J. Robert Gladden Orthopaedic Society (JRGOS) aims to increase diversity in orthopaedic surgery and promote high-quality musculoskeletal care for all. Through targeted research funding, JRGOS supports projects aligned with its mission. Despite awarding over $300,000 in research grants since 2011, the return on investment (ROI) of this program has not been analyzed. This study evaluates the ROI of JRGOS research grants from 2011 to 2023.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all JRGOS research grants awarded between 2011 and 2023. Data included recipient demographics, grant titles, award year, institution, and amount. PubMed and Google Scholar were used to identify resulting publications as of March 8, 2025. We also recorded recipients' practice setting and years in practice at the time of award.

Results: From 2011 to 2023, JRGOS awarded 52 grants totaling $308,765. Recipients were 40% female (n = 21) and 60% male (n = 31). Among 26 practicing orthopaedic surgeon recipients, 88% (n = 23) were in academic practice and 12% (n = 3) in private practice, with a median of 3 years (range 0-25) in independent practice. Most grants (73.1%) supported clinical research. The overall ROI, defined as the proportion of grants resulting in at least one publication, was 67.3% (35/52), with practicing orthopaedic surgeons achieving an ROI of 92.3%. In total, 72 publications appeared in 40 journals (mean impact factor 3.6), most commonly in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.

Conclusion: JRGOS grants demonstrate high efficiency, with a 67.3% ROI and frequent publication in high-impact journals. Practicing orthopaedic surgeons achieved the highest ROI (92.3%).

Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to poor outcomes after spinal deformity correction, but it is unclear whether osteoporosis is the underlying factor. This study analyzed a national administrative database to clarify this association.

Methods: The 2010 to Q1 2022 PearlDiver M161 database was queried for adult spinal deformity surgeries. Patients were stratified by not having versus having vitamin D deficiency diagnosis and matched 4:1 based on age, sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and multivariate analysis (controlling for age, sex, and CCI) for 90-day postoperative adverse events was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs, Bonferroni correction, α < 0.00417). These methods were then repeated adding osteoporosis to the matching and multivariate controlling variables. Kaplan-Meier analysis comparing 5-year cumulative revision surgery rates was also performed for both sets of comparisons.

Results: In the primary analyses matching for age, sex, and CCI, the vitamin D deficiency cohort showed a higher likelihood of osteoporosis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased odds of aggregated any (OR 1.34) and minor adverse events (1.39), as well as wound dehiscence (OR 1.91). The vitamin D deficiency group had a higher 5-year revision surgery rate (39.3% vs. 31.7%, P = 0.006).When osteoporosis was included as a matched/controlled variable, vitamin D deficiency was only associated with higher odds of aggregate any (OR 1.35) adverse events and urinary tract infection (OR 1.56). No difference in 5-year revision surgery rates was observed.

Conclusion: Following adult deformity surgery, many of the perioperative adverse outcomes were similar regardless of controlling for osteoporosis, but 5-year revisions seemed to be driven by the osteoporosis rather than vitamin D deficiency.

Background: Complete and partial flexor tendon lacerations are challenging injuries to diagnose and manage. Imaging modalities can determine grade of laceration, and location of tendon ends preoperatively while detecting presence of adhesions, repair failure, and gap formation postoperatively. Despite these clear advantages, imaging modalities are underutilized because of issues with availability and concerns about accuracy.

Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE and Embase was conducted to identify papers examining the accuracy of ultrasonography (US) and MRI in preoperative and postoperative management of flexor tendon lacerations. COVIDENCE was used in blinded selection of papers for abstract and full-text review. R Studio was used for meta-analysis of pooled sensitivities and specificities, diagnostic odds ratios, and summary receiver operating curves of both US and MRI.

Results: A total of 1197 papers were returned, with 40 being selected after full-text review and 24 being sufficient for statistical analysis. Significant heterogeneity existed for preoperative sensitivity of US and MRI, as well as preoperative specificity of US. MRI was more specific than US in the postoperative period (P < 0.01). Diagnostic odds ratios were >1 for all imaging modalities. The area under the curve for summary receiver operating curves in US preoperative, US postoperative, MRI preoperative, and MRI postoperative were 0.92, 0.81, 0.83, and 0.91, respectively.

Conclusion: MRI is likely more specific than US in postoperative detection of tendon adhesions, tendon rupture, and gap formation following tendon repair. Notable heterogeneities exist in the literature, highlighting the future need for standardized comparisons of imaging modalities in preoperative management.