Mauro Sergio Zakia Jabur Arruda, S. Mancini, R. Rodrigues, M. L. Antunes
In some countries, like Brazil, there are cases of inadequate destination and even final disposition of construction and demolition waste (CDW), which contributes to environmental degradation and materials waste. The construction sector is a great consumer of natural resources, and CDW can be useful sometimes to minimise the need for natural materials, including in embankment filling, which could use a large volume of material. In these cases, the use of CDW can become promising if the embankment quality is not affected, once usually has a great economic advantage. This paper aims to assess the experimental feasibility and potential benefits of employing CDW mixed with soil in embankments. For this study, samples of CDW were collected from three recycling facilities in Brazil and mixed with lateritic soil. Compaction tests determined optimum parameters of the lateritic soil, and the soil mixed with 25% and 50% of CDW. The maximum dry densities of the mixtures slightly changed compared to natural soil. Mixtures’ optimum water content increased only 2% in relation to the soil without waste, which means that the compaction of the mixtures will demand 10% to 20% more water, depending on CDW quality. The results show that these materials and proportions can be considered for possible application in embankments.
{"title":"Experimental Analysis of Mixing Construction & Demolition Waste with Soil for Embankments","authors":"Mauro Sergio Zakia Jabur Arruda, S. Mancini, R. Rodrigues, M. L. Antunes","doi":"10.1680/jwarm.22.00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwarm.22.00001","url":null,"abstract":"In some countries, like Brazil, there are cases of inadequate destination and even final disposition of construction and demolition waste (CDW), which contributes to environmental degradation and materials waste. The construction sector is a great consumer of natural resources, and CDW can be useful sometimes to minimise the need for natural materials, including in embankment filling, which could use a large volume of material. In these cases, the use of CDW can become promising if the embankment quality is not affected, once usually has a great economic advantage. This paper aims to assess the experimental feasibility and potential benefits of employing CDW mixed with soil in embankments. For this study, samples of CDW were collected from three recycling facilities in Brazil and mixed with lateritic soil. Compaction tests determined optimum parameters of the lateritic soil, and the soil mixed with 25% and 50% of CDW. The maximum dry densities of the mixtures slightly changed compared to natural soil. Mixtures’ optimum water content increased only 2% in relation to the soil without waste, which means that the compaction of the mixtures will demand 10% to 20% more water, depending on CDW quality. The results show that these materials and proportions can be considered for possible application in embankments.","PeriodicalId":45077,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Waste and Resource Management","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80805778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water scarcity is one of the most important issues wherein countries are becoming water-stressed. India's dependency on groundwater has increased between the years 2004 and 2013 and each state of the country is facing a decline in the water table due to the growing requirements. Acute water shortage and high-water demands are from sectors like agriculture, industrial, and construction. The construction industry is accountable for the enormous consumption of water as the Indian guidelines recommend the use of potable water for concrete. The present study investigates the use of treated sewage as mixing and curing water in concrete. Comprehensive tests on fresh and hardened concrete have been carried out for each concrete mix, like, setting time, workability, compressive strength, rapid chloride permeability test and water permeability. Potable water was replaced by weight in ratios of 50%, 80%, and 100% of the treated sewage in the mixing and curing of specimens. The water to cement (w/c) ratio has been taken is 0.45 for potable and treated sewage concrete. Compressive strength and durability have been tested after 7, 28, 56, and 90 days of curing. It can be concluded that treated sewage has the potential to replace fresh potable water in concrete mixing and curing and shall be included in relevant guidelines.
{"title":"Potential use of treated sewage in concrete to meet water crises in megacities","authors":"Vaishali Sahu, Prashant Kumar","doi":"10.1680/jwarm.21.00044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwarm.21.00044","url":null,"abstract":"Water scarcity is one of the most important issues wherein countries are becoming water-stressed. India's dependency on groundwater has increased between the years 2004 and 2013 and each state of the country is facing a decline in the water table due to the growing requirements. Acute water shortage and high-water demands are from sectors like agriculture, industrial, and construction. The construction industry is accountable for the enormous consumption of water as the Indian guidelines recommend the use of potable water for concrete. The present study investigates the use of treated sewage as mixing and curing water in concrete. Comprehensive tests on fresh and hardened concrete have been carried out for each concrete mix, like, setting time, workability, compressive strength, rapid chloride permeability test and water permeability. Potable water was replaced by weight in ratios of 50%, 80%, and 100% of the treated sewage in the mixing and curing of specimens. The water to cement (w/c) ratio has been taken is 0.45 for potable and treated sewage concrete. Compressive strength and durability have been tested after 7, 28, 56, and 90 days of curing. It can be concluded that treated sewage has the potential to replace fresh potable water in concrete mixing and curing and shall be included in relevant guidelines.","PeriodicalId":45077,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Waste and Resource Management","volume":"2022 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87797111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, polymer-based materials are extensively used for domestic applications because of their ease in economic production and comparable strength. However, most of the polymer materials are non-biodegradable materials. Hence, conservational environmental policies mandate the replacement or recycling of polymer-based domestic products and components. Besides, discarding flyash in the dumpsites produced from coal-fired thermal power plants aggravates environmental pollution (including groundwater resources). Hence, devising effective waste-management strategies or developing technologies for recycling wastes (polymers and flyash) is the need of the hour. This research focuses on the development of sintering technology to fabricate pavement blocks using polymer wastes and flyash. The coupon-level specimens were fabricated by varying the sintering process parameters, and the following properties were evaluated: macrostructure, hardness, density, wear rate, friction coefficient, and water absorption. The influence of sintering process parameters (temperature and time) on the properties of the developed specimen was analyzed using hybrid polynomial – radial basis function models.
{"title":"Development of Coupon Level Flyash-Polymer based Paver blocks through Powder Metallurgy Processing Technique","authors":"Premkumar Ramalingam, Vaira Vignesh Ramalingam, Govindaraju Myilsamy","doi":"10.1680/jwarm.21.00050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwarm.21.00050","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, polymer-based materials are extensively used for domestic applications because of their ease in economic production and comparable strength. However, most of the polymer materials are non-biodegradable materials. Hence, conservational environmental policies mandate the replacement or recycling of polymer-based domestic products and components. Besides, discarding flyash in the dumpsites produced from coal-fired thermal power plants aggravates environmental pollution (including groundwater resources). Hence, devising effective waste-management strategies or developing technologies for recycling wastes (polymers and flyash) is the need of the hour. This research focuses on the development of sintering technology to fabricate pavement blocks using polymer wastes and flyash. The coupon-level specimens were fabricated by varying the sintering process parameters, and the following properties were evaluated: macrostructure, hardness, density, wear rate, friction coefficient, and water absorption. The influence of sintering process parameters (temperature and time) on the properties of the developed specimen was analyzed using hybrid polynomial – radial basis function models.","PeriodicalId":45077,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Waste and Resource Management","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77718847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. D. Gebreeyessus, Bewket Dagne Tegegne, Adane Sirage Ali
The resilience of a new national healthcare waste management protocol was compared in hospital and community settings in Ethiopia during the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim was also to evaluate the flexibility and implementation status of the guidelines for healthcare waste management in the context of a pandemic. The study was performed in a cross-sectional design by using a structured questionnaire, checklists, and through a systematic review. Primary and secondary data were collected, including those from municipal sites, Yekatit 12 Hospital and other relevant stakeholders. Furthermore, the data were analysed and compared to the global practices and standards. The study revealed there was a comparable difference in the level of care taken during healthcare waste management between health care institutions and in the community in Addis Ababa city. Provision of awareness training to waste handlers in both the clinical and municipal setting were great deficiencies, which has to be addressed together with many other variables beginning from the formulation of a resilient waste management protocol. Furthermore, waste management protocols have to be expert-revised periodically.
{"title":"Comparing the resilience of healthcare waste management during Covid-19: a case study","authors":"G. D. Gebreeyessus, Bewket Dagne Tegegne, Adane Sirage Ali","doi":"10.1680/jwarm.21.00035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwarm.21.00035","url":null,"abstract":"The resilience of a new national healthcare waste management protocol was compared in hospital and community settings in Ethiopia during the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim was also to evaluate the flexibility and implementation status of the guidelines for healthcare waste management in the context of a pandemic. The study was performed in a cross-sectional design by using a structured questionnaire, checklists, and through a systematic review. Primary and secondary data were collected, including those from municipal sites, Yekatit 12 Hospital and other relevant stakeholders. Furthermore, the data were analysed and compared to the global practices and standards. The study revealed there was a comparable difference in the level of care taken during healthcare waste management between health care institutions and in the community in Addis Ababa city. Provision of awareness training to waste handlers in both the clinical and municipal setting were great deficiencies, which has to be addressed together with many other variables beginning from the formulation of a resilient waste management protocol. Furthermore, waste management protocols have to be expert-revised periodically.","PeriodicalId":45077,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Waste and Resource Management","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82147057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Constructed wetland (CW), is considered one of the most promising future approaches for wastewater treatment from various sources at relatively low cost and with the minimized environmental impacts. In this study, an integrated system of constructed wetland cells with horizontal subsurface flow were designed, installed, and fed with fresh actual dairy industry effluent in continuous base. To investigate the simultaneous effect of arrangement and type of supporting media on the treatment efficiency, six identically designed CW system cells were installed using conventional naturally available cost-effective supporting media. The type and configuration of supporting materials were 100% gravel, 50% sand and 50% soil, 60% gravel and 40% sand, 100% sand, 50% sand and 50% soil, and 100 soil for CW1, CW2, CW3, CW4, CW5, and CW6, respectively. All CW cells were planted with Canna indica plant except CW5 was kept uncultivated as the control cell. The results revealed significant nutrients removal present with maximum removal efficiencies of 99% and 96% for phosphate and nitrates, respectively. The favorable results indicated the veracity of using constructed wetlands as an inexpensive sustainable technique for dairy effluent treatment.
{"title":"Green approach for nutrients removal from real dairy wastewater via constructed wetland","authors":"N. Mohammed, Z. Ismail","doi":"10.1680/jwarm.21.00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwarm.21.00011","url":null,"abstract":"Constructed wetland (CW), is considered one of the most promising future approaches for wastewater treatment from various sources at relatively low cost and with the minimized environmental impacts. In this study, an integrated system of constructed wetland cells with horizontal subsurface flow were designed, installed, and fed with fresh actual dairy industry effluent in continuous base. To investigate the simultaneous effect of arrangement and type of supporting media on the treatment efficiency, six identically designed CW system cells were installed using conventional naturally available cost-effective supporting media. The type and configuration of supporting materials were 100% gravel, 50% sand and 50% soil, 60% gravel and 40% sand, 100% sand, 50% sand and 50% soil, and 100 soil for CW1, CW2, CW3, CW4, CW5, and CW6, respectively. All CW cells were planted with Canna indica plant except CW5 was kept uncultivated as the control cell. The results revealed significant nutrients removal present with maximum removal efficiencies of 99% and 96% for phosphate and nitrates, respectively. The favorable results indicated the veracity of using constructed wetlands as an inexpensive sustainable technique for dairy effluent treatment.","PeriodicalId":45077,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Waste and Resource Management","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74078876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehdi Khabaz Meherjardi, M. Khabiri, H. Khani Sanij
Disposing of cigarette butts (CBs) in the environment is considered one of the environmental problems caused by smoking, including cigarettes, which leads to soil pollution, and adverse effects on the growth of plants, animals and birds. On the other hand, nowadays, due to rising economic costs and lack of access to natural materials, recycling waste products in nature in road construction has expanded. The present study has evaluated the use of cigarette filters as an additive in asphalt. To use the cigarette filter in asphalt, the surface of the filters was first well covered with bitumen to prevent the spread of contaminants in the filter and also the adsorption of bitumen by the filter, and then asphalt samples were made with different percentages of cigarette filter (10, 15 and 25 kg/m3). In this study, we performed the tests of moisture sensitivity, resilience modulus, heat capacity, aging ,and lateral deformation to evaluate the performance of samples made with different amounts of a cigarette filter. According to the results, as the amount of a cigarette filter increases, the resilience modulus and the rate of temperature absorption decrease ,and the lateral deformation increases within the asphalt mixture. Also, it was concluded that increasing the cigarette filter within the asphalt mixture reduces the amount of TSR ,and therefore, the amount of cigarette filter use should be controlled. Aging was another factor that was examined in this test. According to the results, aging increases the amount of indirect tensile and decreases the amount of TSR.
{"title":"The Influence of Cigarette Filter Quantity on Asphalt Mixture Thermal and Aging Performance","authors":"Mehdi Khabaz Meherjardi, M. Khabiri, H. Khani Sanij","doi":"10.1680/jwarm.21.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwarm.21.00022","url":null,"abstract":"Disposing of cigarette butts (CBs) in the environment is considered one of the environmental problems caused by smoking, including cigarettes, which leads to soil pollution, and adverse effects on the growth of plants, animals and birds. On the other hand, nowadays, due to rising economic costs and lack of access to natural materials, recycling waste products in nature in road construction has expanded. The present study has evaluated the use of cigarette filters as an additive in asphalt. To use the cigarette filter in asphalt, the surface of the filters was first well covered with bitumen to prevent the spread of contaminants in the filter and also the adsorption of bitumen by the filter, and then asphalt samples were made with different percentages of cigarette filter (10, 15 and 25 kg/m3). In this study, we performed the tests of moisture sensitivity, resilience modulus, heat capacity, aging ,and lateral deformation to evaluate the performance of samples made with different amounts of a cigarette filter. According to the results, as the amount of a cigarette filter increases, the resilience modulus and the rate of temperature absorption decrease ,and the lateral deformation increases within the asphalt mixture. Also, it was concluded that increasing the cigarette filter within the asphalt mixture reduces the amount of TSR ,and therefore, the amount of cigarette filter use should be controlled. Aging was another factor that was examined in this test. According to the results, aging increases the amount of indirect tensile and decreases the amount of TSR.","PeriodicalId":45077,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Waste and Resource Management","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88442830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Al-Shawabkeh, Mohammad Owad Thalji, Taleb M. Al-Rousan
The use of recycled plastics in asphalt mixtures has become a major interest for the pavement and plastics industries due to the potential environmental benefits. An investigation was carried out into the use of three recycled plastic waste materials to modify asphalt binders and influence the performance of the resulting hot-mix asphalt. Asphalt binders were modified with three different types of recycled plastics: high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene and polypropylene. Marshall stability and flow were determined for 12 control mixtures using unmodified binders and 72 mixtures modified by different percentages of recycled plastic. Results revealed that, in general, recycled plastic enhanced the stability of hot-mix asphalt. Both recycled high-density polyethylene and polypropylene resulted in higher mixture stability than low-density polyethylene. Optimum stability for all recycled plastic types was achieved at 8% plastic content by weight of asphalt. Mixes with 8% high-density polyethylene increased stability over the unmodified mixture by almost 17% and reduced flow by 7%. This type of plastic waste also had the highest Marshal quotient value, which suggests a better performance than the other two.
{"title":"Using recycled plastic waste to improve the performance of hot-mix asphalt","authors":"A. Al-Shawabkeh, Mohammad Owad Thalji, Taleb M. Al-Rousan","doi":"10.1680/jwarm.21.00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwarm.21.00013","url":null,"abstract":"The use of recycled plastics in asphalt mixtures has become a major interest for the pavement and plastics industries due to the potential environmental benefits. An investigation was carried out into the use of three recycled plastic waste materials to modify asphalt binders and influence the performance of the resulting hot-mix asphalt. Asphalt binders were modified with three different types of recycled plastics: high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene and polypropylene. Marshall stability and flow were determined for 12 control mixtures using unmodified binders and 72 mixtures modified by different percentages of recycled plastic. Results revealed that, in general, recycled plastic enhanced the stability of hot-mix asphalt. Both recycled high-density polyethylene and polypropylene resulted in higher mixture stability than low-density polyethylene. Optimum stability for all recycled plastic types was achieved at 8% plastic content by weight of asphalt. Mixes with 8% high-density polyethylene increased stability over the unmodified mixture by almost 17% and reduced flow by 7%. This type of plastic waste also had the highest Marshal quotient value, which suggests a better performance than the other two.","PeriodicalId":45077,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Waste and Resource Management","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85322371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the anaerobic co-digestion of a mixture of sawdust, chlorella microalgae and cow manure was examined. Sawdust was added to the mixture to increase the amount of carbon available. This study has been designed to determine the impact of incorporating cellulosic material as a rich source of carbon into main substrates. Using co-digestion to create a C/N gradient in the influent, a relationship between substrate composition and biogas production was investigated. During this study, 19 reactors of 500 ml capacity were filled to a level of 350 ml and operated at a mesophilic temperature of 37.5 Celsius degree. Total solids (TS) in the digester feed were 3.8% and retention time in the reactors was 30 days. Design Expert 13 software and mixture design was used to design the experiments. Adding sawdust to the reactors (7%-10%) improved the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of the mixture in the reactors to an optimal value (22) and produced 25%-35% more biogas. The maximum average amount of gas produced per day from a mixture of 8.3% sawdust, 33.3% algae and 58.3% cow manure was 231 ml. Adding sawdust when the TS is low in organic load prevents the reactors from acidifying, increases the stability and improves biogas output. Highlights · Adding high carbon co-substrate improved the anaerobic co-digestion process of algae and animal waste. · Mixture design method on RSM was successfully applied to predict the responses for AD process. · Adding sawdust to the reactors improved the C/N ratio, stability of the reactors, and biogas production. · The maximum biogas production was increased by nearly 35%.
{"title":"The effect of high carbon co-substrates on the stability and performance of anaerobic co-digestion in the batch reactor","authors":"Mohammad Kuroshkarim, M. Rasouli, M. Pazoki","doi":"10.1680/jwarm.21.00033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwarm.21.00033","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the anaerobic co-digestion of a mixture of sawdust, chlorella microalgae and cow manure was examined. Sawdust was added to the mixture to increase the amount of carbon available. This study has been designed to determine the impact of incorporating cellulosic material as a rich source of carbon into main substrates. Using co-digestion to create a C/N gradient in the influent, a relationship between substrate composition and biogas production was investigated. During this study, 19 reactors of 500 ml capacity were filled to a level of 350 ml and operated at a mesophilic temperature of 37.5 Celsius degree. Total solids (TS) in the digester feed were 3.8% and retention time in the reactors was 30 days. Design Expert 13 software and mixture design was used to design the experiments. Adding sawdust to the reactors (7%-10%) improved the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of the mixture in the reactors to an optimal value (22) and produced 25%-35% more biogas. The maximum average amount of gas produced per day from a mixture of 8.3% sawdust, 33.3% algae and 58.3% cow manure was 231 ml. Adding sawdust when the TS is low in organic load prevents the reactors from acidifying, increases the stability and improves biogas output. Highlights · Adding high carbon co-substrate improved the anaerobic co-digestion process of algae and animal waste. · Mixture design method on RSM was successfully applied to predict the responses for AD process. · Adding sawdust to the reactors improved the C/N ratio, stability of the reactors, and biogas production. · The maximum biogas production was increased by nearly 35%.","PeriodicalId":45077,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Waste and Resource Management","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88422241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saulo Vinicius Martins Souza, G. R. Tolosa, G. Bacarin, Guilherme Dognani, F. Okimoto, F. Cabrera, A. Job
The reuse of industrial waste plays a crucial role in avoiding environmental impacts caused by incorrect disposal. The industrial production commonly generates huge volumes of wastes and also, increase costs associated to waste management and landfills maintenance. This study investigates the reuse of Grits waste, from cellulose kraft industry, as filler on gypsum plaster. The samples were prepared in proportions of 100/0, 85/15, 75/25 and 50/50 Gypsum/Grits and, tested at 7, 14, 21, 28 days. The mechanical resistance with incorporation until 25wt% of Grits as filler is over than the regulatory standards recommendations. Flexural and compression strength tests for 15wt% of gypsum replaced achieving 4.5 MPa and 8.3 MPa, respectively. The manufacture of Gypsum/Grits became a viable solution for waste management and, has a great potential of enabling fabrication of gypsum plaster board, a low cost and more sustainable new material.
{"title":"A new approach to Grits waste management as filler in gypsum plasters","authors":"Saulo Vinicius Martins Souza, G. R. Tolosa, G. Bacarin, Guilherme Dognani, F. Okimoto, F. Cabrera, A. Job","doi":"10.1680/jwarm.21.00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwarm.21.00020","url":null,"abstract":"The reuse of industrial waste plays a crucial role in avoiding environmental impacts caused by incorrect disposal. The industrial production commonly generates huge volumes of wastes and also, increase costs associated to waste management and landfills maintenance. This study investigates the reuse of Grits waste, from cellulose kraft industry, as filler on gypsum plaster. The samples were prepared in proportions of 100/0, 85/15, 75/25 and 50/50 Gypsum/Grits and, tested at 7, 14, 21, 28 days. The mechanical resistance with incorporation until 25wt% of Grits as filler is over than the regulatory standards recommendations. Flexural and compression strength tests for 15wt% of gypsum replaced achieving 4.5 MPa and 8.3 MPa, respectively. The manufacture of Gypsum/Grits became a viable solution for waste management and, has a great potential of enabling fabrication of gypsum plaster board, a low cost and more sustainable new material.","PeriodicalId":45077,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Waste and Resource Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89767544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to lack of confidence on potential yield and subsequent net benefit, wide-scale implementations of bioethanol from food/fruit waste are not accelerating. With the aim of enhancing stakeholders’ confidence, this paper presents a simple mathematical model formulation, which can estimate potential bioethanol generation capacity from rambutan waste under different input conditions. Mathematical formulation was derived based on three contributing factors such as pH, temperature and fermentation period. The factors were derived based on an earlier experimental study on production of bioethanol from rambutan waste. Results from the derived mathematical model were compared with the experimental measurements from earlier study. It is found that the proposed model is capable to accurately estimate potential bioethanol productions from rambutan waste. Model calculated results are having a coefficient of correlation of 0.98 with the measured data. Standard errors of the model's estimations are also quite low, having RMSE = 0.17, MAE = 0.14 and RAE = 0.02. For a wider industrial generation, a mathematical framework is proposed to calculate benefit-cost ratio of production costs against yield value considering the time value of the money. Such mathematical framework will assist decision makers on deciding optimum input parameters through optimised energy consumption.
由于对潜在产量和随后的净效益缺乏信心，从食物/水果废物中大规模实施生物乙醇并没有加速。为了增强利益相关者的信心，本文提出了一个简单的数学模型公式，可以估计不同投入条件下红毛丹废弃物产生生物乙醇的潜在能力。根据pH值、温度和发酵时间三个影响因素，推导出了发酵过程的数学公式。这些因素是根据早期从红毛丹废料中生产生物乙醇的实验研究得出的。推导的数学模型的结果与早期研究的实验测量结果进行了比较。结果表明，该模型能够准确地估计红毛丹废弃物的潜在生物乙醇产量。模型计算结果与实测数据的相关系数为0.98。模型估计的标准误差也很低，RMSE = 0.17, MAE = 0.14, RAE = 0.02。对于更广泛的工业代，提出了一个数学框架来计算生产成本的收益-成本比，考虑到货币的时间价值。这种数学框架将帮助决策者通过优化能源消耗来确定最优的输入参数。
{"title":"Data-driven modelling of bioethanol fuel production from rambutan fruit waste","authors":"M. Imteaz, A. Hossain, A. Ahsan","doi":"10.1680/jwarm.21.00041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwarm.21.00041","url":null,"abstract":"Due to lack of confidence on potential yield and subsequent net benefit, wide-scale implementations of bioethanol from food/fruit waste are not accelerating. With the aim of enhancing stakeholders’ confidence, this paper presents a simple mathematical model formulation, which can estimate potential bioethanol generation capacity from rambutan waste under different input conditions. Mathematical formulation was derived based on three contributing factors such as pH, temperature and fermentation period. The factors were derived based on an earlier experimental study on production of bioethanol from rambutan waste. Results from the derived mathematical model were compared with the experimental measurements from earlier study. It is found that the proposed model is capable to accurately estimate potential bioethanol productions from rambutan waste. Model calculated results are having a coefficient of correlation of 0.98 with the measured data. Standard errors of the model's estimations are also quite low, having RMSE = 0.17, MAE = 0.14 and RAE = 0.02. For a wider industrial generation, a mathematical framework is proposed to calculate benefit-cost ratio of production costs against yield value considering the time value of the money. Such mathematical framework will assist decision makers on deciding optimum input parameters through optimised energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":45077,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Waste and Resource Management","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81774250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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