Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1177/87568705211015684
Don D. McMahon, Katie Hirschfelder, Marcus I. Poppen, Holly N. Whittenburg, Lauren P Bruno
Washington State University, Responsibility Opportunity Advocacy and Respect (WSU ROAR) is an inclusive 2-year residential postsecondary education program for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities. WSU ROAR is a recognized comprehensive transition program located in rural eastern Washington. Within the program, there are four pillars: WSU ROAR workshops, Washington State University audit courses, employment experiences, and independent living. Individualized instruction guides the WSU ROAR workshops to allow students to develop their independence. Students also participate in audit courses in inclusive settings on campus to gain skills to help with future employment opportunities. Peer Allies, who are students traditionally enrolled at college, provide meaningful social and academic relationships by partnering with the students in WSU ROAR. This program description discusses the development of the postsecondary education program and its adaptation to meet its goals while addressing the challenges of being a rural university in eastern Washington. This program description also describes how the WSU ROAR program adapted to a remote learning platform during the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"WSU ROAR and ROAR Online! Program Description and COVID-19 Response","authors":"Don D. McMahon, Katie Hirschfelder, Marcus I. Poppen, Holly N. Whittenburg, Lauren P Bruno","doi":"10.1177/87568705211015684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87568705211015684","url":null,"abstract":"Washington State University, Responsibility Opportunity Advocacy and Respect (WSU ROAR) is an inclusive 2-year residential postsecondary education program for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities. WSU ROAR is a recognized comprehensive transition program located in rural eastern Washington. Within the program, there are four pillars: WSU ROAR workshops, Washington State University audit courses, employment experiences, and independent living. Individualized instruction guides the WSU ROAR workshops to allow students to develop their independence. Students also participate in audit courses in inclusive settings on campus to gain skills to help with future employment opportunities. Peer Allies, who are students traditionally enrolled at college, provide meaningful social and academic relationships by partnering with the students in WSU ROAR. This program description discusses the development of the postsecondary education program and its adaptation to meet its goals while addressing the challenges of being a rural university in eastern Washington. This program description also describes how the WSU ROAR program adapted to a remote learning platform during the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":45133,"journal":{"name":"Rural Special Education Quarterly","volume":"40 1","pages":"70 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/87568705211015684","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49646127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1177/87568705211015681
A. Berry
A shared sense of responsibility for the education of students with disabilities can have positive effects on both teachers and students. When special education (SE) and general education (GE) teachers work together, this collaborative relationship is a positive variable in teacher satisfaction and retention. Furthermore, teacher collaboration and an inclusive delivery of SE services in the GE classroom can foster increased student achievement, motivation, self-esteem, and social growth. In this study, the researcher conducted individually administered surveys with 35 teachers in two rural districts to further explore the variable of a shared sense of responsibility: what tasks, how, and where responsibilities were shared. Following the presentation of the survey results is a description of the professional development that was provided to teachers in collaboration and co-teaching. Barriers and benefits to increasing teacher collaboration and co-teaching are discussed, including outcomes for students in one co-taught classroom over a 2-year period.
{"title":"Understanding Shared Responsibility Between Special and General Education Teachers in the Rural Classroom","authors":"A. Berry","doi":"10.1177/87568705211015681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87568705211015681","url":null,"abstract":"A shared sense of responsibility for the education of students with disabilities can have positive effects on both teachers and students. When special education (SE) and general education (GE) teachers work together, this collaborative relationship is a positive variable in teacher satisfaction and retention. Furthermore, teacher collaboration and an inclusive delivery of SE services in the GE classroom can foster increased student achievement, motivation, self-esteem, and social growth. In this study, the researcher conducted individually administered surveys with 35 teachers in two rural districts to further explore the variable of a shared sense of responsibility: what tasks, how, and where responsibilities were shared. Following the presentation of the survey results is a description of the professional development that was provided to teachers in collaboration and co-teaching. Barriers and benefits to increasing teacher collaboration and co-teaching are discussed, including outcomes for students in one co-taught classroom over a 2-year period.","PeriodicalId":45133,"journal":{"name":"Rural Special Education Quarterly","volume":"40 1","pages":"95 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/87568705211015681","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42448219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-22DOI: 10.1177/8756870520982298
Jessica Gugino, S. Raimondi, L. Maheady
Providing adequate supervision for pre-service teachers enrolled in special education field placements is a challenge. Rural placements often exacerbate this challenge due to the large geographical areas in which these placements are located. The purpose of this article is to describe one approach to early field supervision in rural settings that may provide solutions to this dilemma. E-peer coaching utilizes video-facilitated peer coaching to provide novice pre-service teachers (NPTs) with accurate feedback that is both frequent and timely. This study investigated the use of a Google App that allowed NPTs to record instructional sessions and provide feedback to one another under the supervision of a course instructor. Recommendations for implementation are discussed.
{"title":"E-Peer Coaching: A Model to Support Rural Special Education Field Placements","authors":"Jessica Gugino, S. Raimondi, L. Maheady","doi":"10.1177/8756870520982298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8756870520982298","url":null,"abstract":"Providing adequate supervision for pre-service teachers enrolled in special education field placements is a challenge. Rural placements often exacerbate this challenge due to the large geographical areas in which these placements are located. The purpose of this article is to describe one approach to early field supervision in rural settings that may provide solutions to this dilemma. E-peer coaching utilizes video-facilitated peer coaching to provide novice pre-service teachers (NPTs) with accurate feedback that is both frequent and timely. This study investigated the use of a Google App that allowed NPTs to record instructional sessions and provide feedback to one another under the supervision of a course instructor. Recommendations for implementation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45133,"journal":{"name":"Rural Special Education Quarterly","volume":"40 1","pages":"226 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/8756870520982298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43111901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-19DOI: 10.1177/8756870520982297
Elif Tekin‐Iftar, Bree A. Jimenez, H. Deniz Degirmenci
A global perspective of education, special education, rural communities, and non-traditional instruction is provided for two countries. Both Turkey and Australia have responded to the COVID-19 global pandemic in similar yet, different ways. Through the tale of two countries navigating the rapid response to school closure for students with disabilities, we all can gain understanding from examining strategies used by national, state, and local governments; school systems; and support agencies. From these strategies, we can determine effective and efficient models moving forward that support all students (e.g., students with mental health and medical needs) through non-traditional education during natural disasters, pandemics, or unexpected events
{"title":"A Tale of Two Countries: An International Perspective on Non-Traditional Special Education","authors":"Elif Tekin‐Iftar, Bree A. Jimenez, H. Deniz Degirmenci","doi":"10.1177/8756870520982297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8756870520982297","url":null,"abstract":"A global perspective of education, special education, rural communities, and non-traditional instruction is provided for two countries. Both Turkey and Australia have responded to the COVID-19 global pandemic in similar yet, different ways. Through the tale of two countries navigating the rapid response to school closure for students with disabilities, we all can gain understanding from examining strategies used by national, state, and local governments; school systems; and support agencies. From these strategies, we can determine effective and efficient models moving forward that support all students (e.g., students with mental health and medical needs) through non-traditional education during natural disasters, pandemics, or unexpected events","PeriodicalId":45133,"journal":{"name":"Rural Special Education Quarterly","volume":"40 1","pages":"85 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/8756870520982297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48892027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-19DOI: 10.1177/8756870520982294
Candi Running Bear, William A. Terrill, Adriana Frates, P. Peterson, Judith Ulrich
The COVID-19 pandemic unexpectedly changed almost all aspects of people’s everyday lives. This included new challenges in the education of Native American students with disabilities who live in rural and remote areas of the United States. Native American students with disabilities living on reservations are served by local schools, tribally controlled schools, and Bureau of Indian Education schools under the provisions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. In rural reservation communities during COVID-19, special education services for students with disabilities were significantly disrupted. Contributing factors were high rates of poverty, lack of adequate funding and staffing for health care, populations with higher rates of chronic illness, high percentages of homes with no running water or electricity, shortages of certified special educators, and barriers to alternative forms of education due to lack of access to high-speed internet and technology.
{"title":"Challenges for Rural Native American Students With Disabilities During COVID-19","authors":"Candi Running Bear, William A. Terrill, Adriana Frates, P. Peterson, Judith Ulrich","doi":"10.1177/8756870520982294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8756870520982294","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic unexpectedly changed almost all aspects of people’s everyday lives. This included new challenges in the education of Native American students with disabilities who live in rural and remote areas of the United States. Native American students with disabilities living on reservations are served by local schools, tribally controlled schools, and Bureau of Indian Education schools under the provisions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. In rural reservation communities during COVID-19, special education services for students with disabilities were significantly disrupted. Contributing factors were high rates of poverty, lack of adequate funding and staffing for health care, populations with higher rates of chronic illness, high percentages of homes with no running water or electricity, shortages of certified special educators, and barriers to alternative forms of education due to lack of access to high-speed internet and technology.","PeriodicalId":45133,"journal":{"name":"Rural Special Education Quarterly","volume":"40 1","pages":"60 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/8756870520982294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48901398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1177/8756870520959659
J Matt Jameson, Sondra M Stegenga, Joanna Ryan, Ambra Green
In the spring of 2020, public schools across the United States were forced to close their campuses due to an emerging public health crisis caused by the detection of the first cases of the COVID-19 virus. Although schools closed their buildings, the delivery of educational services did not stop. This included the ongoing provision of services mandated by federal law under the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), which establish educational protections, processes, and rights for students with disabilities and their families to ensure educational equity. In this article, we describe the potential legal implications of COVID-19 for schools, students with disabilities, and their families with a focus on challenges faced in rural areas. Strategies for mitigating legal impacts are described.
{"title":"Free Appropriate Public Education in the Time of COVID-19.","authors":"J Matt Jameson, Sondra M Stegenga, Joanna Ryan, Ambra Green","doi":"10.1177/8756870520959659","DOIUrl":"10.1177/8756870520959659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the spring of 2020, public schools across the United States were forced to close their campuses due to an emerging public health crisis caused by the detection of the first cases of the COVID-19 virus. Although schools closed their buildings, the delivery of educational services did not stop. This included the ongoing provision of services mandated by federal law under the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), which establish educational protections, processes, and rights for students with disabilities and their families to ensure educational equity. In this article, we describe the potential legal implications of COVID-19 for schools, students with disabilities, and their families with a focus on challenges faced in rural areas. Strategies for mitigating legal impacts are described.</p>","PeriodicalId":45133,"journal":{"name":"Rural Special Education Quarterly","volume":"39 1","pages":"181-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7585790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44940120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-07DOI: 10.1177/8756870520959653
M. Ault, Ginevra Courtade, Sally A. Miracle, Amanda E. Bruce
In the midst of the COVID-19 global pandemic, teachers were forced to quickly determine how to deliver a free appropriate public education to their students when in-person instruction was not possible. School districts and states have a variety of ways to provide supports to their teachers. One method for providing technical assistance, professional development, consultation, and mentoring to teachers is through the use of regional cooperatives. In this Practice in Action article, two educational cooperative consultants present their experiences in supporting their teachers in the face of the pandemic. Successful strategies the cooperatives developed for teachers included providing trainings in online formats, creating an organized list of resources appropriate for online teaching, and facilitating opportunities for teachers to work together to problem solve in the era of the novel COVID-19. Challenges for teachers providing instruction for their students when schools were closed to face-to-face instruction are discussed.
{"title":"Providing Support for Rural Special Educators During Nontraditional Instruction: One State’s Response","authors":"M. Ault, Ginevra Courtade, Sally A. Miracle, Amanda E. Bruce","doi":"10.1177/8756870520959653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8756870520959653","url":null,"abstract":"In the midst of the COVID-19 global pandemic, teachers were forced to quickly determine how to deliver a free appropriate public education to their students when in-person instruction was not possible. School districts and states have a variety of ways to provide supports to their teachers. One method for providing technical assistance, professional development, consultation, and mentoring to teachers is through the use of regional cooperatives. In this Practice in Action article, two educational cooperative consultants present their experiences in supporting their teachers in the face of the pandemic. Successful strategies the cooperatives developed for teachers included providing trainings in online formats, creating an organized list of resources appropriate for online teaching, and facilitating opportunities for teachers to work together to problem solve in the era of the novel COVID-19. Challenges for teachers providing instruction for their students when schools were closed to face-to-face instruction are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45133,"journal":{"name":"Rural Special Education Quarterly","volume":"39 1","pages":"193 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/8756870520959653","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43462738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-04DOI: 10.1177/8756870520959658
Don Stenhoff, R. Pennington, Melissa C. Tapp
Schools serve an essential function for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and complex needs. However, school-based instruction may be interrupted due to pandemics, natural disasters, and school shootings, and as a result, schools are forced to stop traditional services and begin teaching students in their homes. Fortunately, distance education strategies are available to mitigate brick and mortar interruptions. When rural schools close, they face unique challenges, such as proximity to students, and technology limitations. In this article, we describe strategies for teachers to develop instructional materials, communication supports, and behavioral supports. We also describe how caregivers might provide support, and how to teach caregivers the skills necessary for effective support implementation.
{"title":"Distance Education Support for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Complex Needs During COVID-19 and School Closures","authors":"Don Stenhoff, R. Pennington, Melissa C. Tapp","doi":"10.1177/8756870520959658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8756870520959658","url":null,"abstract":"Schools serve an essential function for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and complex needs. However, school-based instruction may be interrupted due to pandemics, natural disasters, and school shootings, and as a result, schools are forced to stop traditional services and begin teaching students in their homes. Fortunately, distance education strategies are available to mitigate brick and mortar interruptions. When rural schools close, they face unique challenges, such as proximity to students, and technology limitations. In this article, we describe strategies for teachers to develop instructional materials, communication supports, and behavioral supports. We also describe how caregivers might provide support, and how to teach caregivers the skills necessary for effective support implementation.","PeriodicalId":45133,"journal":{"name":"Rural Special Education Quarterly","volume":"39 1","pages":"211 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/8756870520959658","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44253576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-18DOI: 10.1177/8756870520958199
D. Rowe, E. Carter, Shimul A. Gajjar, Erin A. Maves, Jennifer C. Wall
Transition education is a distinctive aspect of special education that extends well beyond the boundaries of the school building, engages partners from all corners of the local community, and addresses so many different life domains. In the midst of a pandemic, creative strategies are needed to equip students with the skills, knowledge, experiences, supports, and relationships that prepare them well for a future of flourishing in adulthood. In this article, we describe key features of high-quality transition education and illustrate some of the ways each area might be addressed remotely or at times when being present together is not possible. In addition, guidance is provided on how to ensure educators and service providers are well-prepared for their roles, as rural districts and communities seek ways to equip students and support their transitions using these new approaches.
{"title":"Supporting Strong Transitions Remotely: Considerations and Complexities for Rural Communities During COVID-19","authors":"D. Rowe, E. Carter, Shimul A. Gajjar, Erin A. Maves, Jennifer C. Wall","doi":"10.1177/8756870520958199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8756870520958199","url":null,"abstract":"Transition education is a distinctive aspect of special education that extends well beyond the boundaries of the school building, engages partners from all corners of the local community, and addresses so many different life domains. In the midst of a pandemic, creative strategies are needed to equip students with the skills, knowledge, experiences, supports, and relationships that prepare them well for a future of flourishing in adulthood. In this article, we describe key features of high-quality transition education and illustrate some of the ways each area might be addressed remotely or at times when being present together is not possible. In addition, guidance is provided on how to ensure educators and service providers are well-prepared for their roles, as rural districts and communities seek ways to equip students and support their transitions using these new approaches.","PeriodicalId":45133,"journal":{"name":"Rural Special Education Quarterly","volume":"39 1","pages":"220 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/8756870520958199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45731113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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