Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-110
R. Anna Thirumalai, S. Thalapathiraj
In the present time world, digital images are crucial for various applications, that includes the medical industry, aircraft and satellite imaging, underwater imaging and so on. For this huge quantities of digital images are produced and used by these applications. For a variety of reasons, these images also need to be transmitted and stored. Therefore, a technique known as compression is applied to resolve this storage issue while transmitting these images. In this article, by extending some unique fixed point theorem results for comparison function on a complete symmetric G-metric space are used and it is a new approach. Moreover, this paper focuses on a compression method using the new structure of extended G-contraction mapping as it assists in compressing the size of the image. Thus, grayscale images are compressed using extended G-contraction mapping. And thus, grayscale images can be represented as matrices in this structure (pixel values). Also, similar images of reduced size can be obtained using an appropriate matrix G-metric and extended G-contraction mapping. The size of the matrix can be substantially reduced without losing any quality by controlling the order of sub matrices. These images are easy to store and transmit, with little variation between the original and contracted image.
{"title":"A Novel Approach for Digital Image Compression in Some Fixed Point Results on Complete G-metric Space Using Comparison Function","authors":"R. Anna Thirumalai, S. Thalapathiraj","doi":"10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-110","url":null,"abstract":"In the present time world, digital images are crucial for various applications, that includes the medical industry, aircraft and satellite imaging, underwater imaging and so on. For this huge quantities of digital images are produced and used by these applications. For a variety of reasons, these images also need to be transmitted and stored. Therefore, a technique known as compression is applied to resolve this storage issue while transmitting these images. In this article, by extending some unique fixed point theorem results for comparison function on a complete symmetric G-metric space are used and it is a new approach. Moreover, this paper focuses on a compression method using the new structure of extended G-contraction mapping as it assists in compressing the size of the image. Thus, grayscale images are compressed using extended G-contraction mapping. And thus, grayscale images can be represented as matrices in this structure (pixel values). Also, similar images of reduced size can be obtained using an appropriate matrix G-metric and extended G-contraction mapping. The size of the matrix can be substantially reduced without losing any quality by controlling the order of sub matrices. These images are easy to store and transmit, with little variation between the original and contracted image.","PeriodicalId":45204,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analysis and Applications","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135590367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-111
R. M. K. Iqbal, M. Ahmad, A. Qayyum, S. S. Supadi, M. J. Hussain, S. Raza
In this research paper, the determination of the orientation of a linear interpolation in an interconnected graph can be achieved by measuring its distance from a group of sonar stations strategically positioned within the graph. The study utilizes the metric dimension of toeplitz graphs. Several indices play a crucial role in analyzing motivating activities within such complex structures. The indices covered in this study include the general connectivity index of the toeplitz graph, zagreb indices, symmetric division degree index and randic indices, among others.
{"title":"On Degree-Based Topological Indices of Toeplitz Graphs","authors":"R. M. K. Iqbal, M. Ahmad, A. Qayyum, S. S. Supadi, M. J. Hussain, S. Raza","doi":"10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-111","url":null,"abstract":"In this research paper, the determination of the orientation of a linear interpolation in an interconnected graph can be achieved by measuring its distance from a group of sonar stations strategically positioned within the graph. The study utilizes the metric dimension of toeplitz graphs. Several indices play a crucial role in analyzing motivating activities within such complex structures. The indices covered in this study include the general connectivity index of the toeplitz graph, zagreb indices, symmetric division degree index and randic indices, among others.","PeriodicalId":45204,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analysis and Applications","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135590364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-103
Sunil Kumar Yadav, Abdul Haseeb, Nargis Jamal
The novelty of the paper is to investigate the nature of conformal Ricci-Yamabe soliton on almost pseudo symmetric, almost pseudo Bochner symmetric, almost pseudo Ricci symmetric and almost pseudo Bochner Ricci symmetric Kähler manifolds. Also, we explore the harmonic aspects of conformal η-Ricci-Yamabe soliton on Kähler spcetime manifolds with a harmonic potential function f and deduce the necessary and sufficient conditions for the 1-form η, which is the g-dual of the vector field ξ on such spacetime to be a solution of Schrödinger-Ricci equation.
{"title":"Almost Pseudo Symmetric Kähler Manifolds Admitting Conformal Ricci-Yamabe Metric","authors":"Sunil Kumar Yadav, Abdul Haseeb, Nargis Jamal","doi":"10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-103","url":null,"abstract":"The novelty of the paper is to investigate the nature of conformal Ricci-Yamabe soliton on almost pseudo symmetric, almost pseudo Bochner symmetric, almost pseudo Ricci symmetric and almost pseudo Bochner Ricci symmetric Kähler manifolds. Also, we explore the harmonic aspects of conformal η-Ricci-Yamabe soliton on Kähler spcetime manifolds with a harmonic potential function f and deduce the necessary and sufficient conditions for the 1-form η, which is the g-dual of the vector field ξ on such spacetime to be a solution of Schrödinger-Ricci equation.","PeriodicalId":45204,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analysis and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-104
Mahir Hasanov
The subject of this paper is a Hoeffding-Azuma type estimation for the difference between an adapted random process and its conditional expectation given a related filtration.
{"title":"A Hoeffding-Azuma Type Inequality for Random Processes","authors":"Mahir Hasanov","doi":"10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-104","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of this paper is a Hoeffding-Azuma type estimation for the difference between an adapted random process and its conditional expectation given a related filtration.","PeriodicalId":45204,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analysis and Applications","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-105
R. Chudamani, K. Rama Prasad, K. Krishna Rao, U.M. Swamy
An Almost Boolean Algebra (A, ∧, ∨, 0) (abbreviated as ABA) is an Almost Distributive Lattice (ADL) with a maximal element in which for any x∈A, there exists y∈A such that x∧y = 0 and x∨y is a maximal element in A. If (S, Π, X) is a sheaf of nontrivial discrete ADL’s over a Boolean space such that for any global section f, support of f is open, then it is proved that the set Γ(X, S) of all global sections is an ABA. Conversely, it is proved that every ABA is isomorphic to the ADL of global sections of a suitable sheaf of discrete ADL’s over a Boolean space.
{"title":"Representation of ABA’s by Sections of Sheaves","authors":"R. Chudamani, K. Rama Prasad, K. Krishna Rao, U.M. Swamy","doi":"10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-105","url":null,"abstract":"An Almost Boolean Algebra (A, ∧, ∨, 0) (abbreviated as ABA) is an Almost Distributive Lattice (ADL) with a maximal element in which for any x∈A, there exists y∈A such that x∧y = 0 and x∨y is a maximal element in A. If (S, Π, X) is a sheaf of nontrivial discrete ADL’s over a Boolean space such that for any global section f, support of f is open, then it is proved that the set Γ(X, S) of all global sections is an ABA. Conversely, it is proved that every ABA is isomorphic to the ADL of global sections of a suitable sheaf of discrete ADL’s over a Boolean space.","PeriodicalId":45204,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analysis and Applications","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135816938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-107
Chawalit Boonpok, Napassanan Srisarakham
This paper is concerned with the concepts of upper and lower almost α-*-continuous multifunctions. Moreover, several characterizations of upper and lower almost α-*-continuous multifunctions are investigated. In particular, the relationships between α-*-continuity and almost α-*-continuity are established.
{"title":"Almost α-*-Continuity for Multifunctions","authors":"Chawalit Boonpok, Napassanan Srisarakham","doi":"10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-107","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is concerned with the concepts of upper and lower almost α-*-continuous multifunctions. Moreover, several characterizations of upper and lower almost α-*-continuous multifunctions are investigated. In particular, the relationships between α-*-continuity and almost α-*-continuity are established.","PeriodicalId":45204,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analysis and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to approximate Lebesgue integrable functions on [0, 1], a sequence of linear positive integral operators of Kantorovich type Lσf (x) with a parameter sσ is introduced. The estimates for rates of approximation for functions with a specific smoothness are proved using the appropriate modulus of continuity.
{"title":"Order of Approximation by a New Univariate Kantorovich Type Operator","authors":"Asha Ram Gairola, Nidhi Bisht, Laxmi Rathour, Lakshmi Narayan Mishra, Vishnu Narayan Mishra","doi":"10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-106","url":null,"abstract":"In order to approximate Lebesgue integrable functions on [0, 1], a sequence of linear positive integral operators of Kantorovich type Lσ<sσ>f (x) with a parameter sσ is introduced. The estimates for rates of approximation for functions with a specific smoothness are proved using the appropriate modulus of continuity.","PeriodicalId":45204,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analysis and Applications","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-97
Shakila Bashir, Noor Waseem, Mujahid Rasul
Developing the probability distributions is increasing extensively over the decades but even though the newly developed distributions have elegant properties and variety of shapes which are applicable in wide areas of real-life situations and a numerous type of data sets. In this article, we introduced a three-parameter positively skewed model named Power Nakagami (PN) distribution based on power transformation. Various statistical properties of the Power Nakagami distribution are derived, including moments. Some reliability measures such as survival function, hazard function, cumulative hazard function and reversed hazard function are discussed also expressions for mills ratio, odd function, elasticity and Lorenz and Bonferroni Curve are developed. Graphical representation of probability density function, cumulative density function and reliability measures are presented. Maximum likelihood estimation is used to estimate the parameters. The distribution is fitted to real life dataset (Tax revenue) to demonstrate the comparison of the new distribution with the base distribution.
{"title":"A Three Parameter Power Nakagami Distribution: Properties and Application on the Tax Revenue Data","authors":"Shakila Bashir, Noor Waseem, Mujahid Rasul","doi":"10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-97","url":null,"abstract":"Developing the probability distributions is increasing extensively over the decades but even though the newly developed distributions have elegant properties and variety of shapes which are applicable in wide areas of real-life situations and a numerous type of data sets. In this article, we introduced a three-parameter positively skewed model named Power Nakagami (PN) distribution based on power transformation. Various statistical properties of the Power Nakagami distribution are derived, including moments. Some reliability measures such as survival function, hazard function, cumulative hazard function and reversed hazard function are discussed also expressions for mills ratio, odd function, elasticity and Lorenz and Bonferroni Curve are developed. Graphical representation of probability density function, cumulative density function and reliability measures are presented. Maximum likelihood estimation is used to estimate the parameters. The distribution is fitted to real life dataset (Tax revenue) to demonstrate the comparison of the new distribution with the base distribution.","PeriodicalId":45204,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analysis and Applications","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135154215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-102
M. Khalifa Saad, H. S. Abdel-Aziz, Haytham A. Ali
An admissible curve of a pseudo-Galilean space is said to be of constant-ratio if the ratio of the length of the tangent and normal components of its position vector function is a constant. In this paper, we investigate and characterize a spacelike admissible curve of constant-ratio in terms of its curvature functions in the pseudo-Galilean space G13. Also, we study some special curves of constantratio such as T-constant and N-constant types of these curves. Finally, we give some computational examples for constructing the meant curves to demonstrate our theoretical results.
{"title":"Geometry of Admissible Curves of Constant-Ratio in Pseudo-Galilean Space","authors":"M. Khalifa Saad, H. S. Abdel-Aziz, Haytham A. Ali","doi":"10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-102","url":null,"abstract":"An admissible curve of a pseudo-Galilean space is said to be of constant-ratio if the ratio of the length of the tangent and normal components of its position vector function is a constant. In this paper, we investigate and characterize a spacelike admissible curve of constant-ratio in terms of its curvature functions in the pseudo-Galilean space G13. Also, we study some special curves of constantratio such as T-constant and N-constant types of these curves. Finally, we give some computational examples for constructing the meant curves to demonstrate our theoretical results.","PeriodicalId":45204,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analysis and Applications","volume":"224 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135154057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-100
Rizwan Ahmed, M. B. Almatrafi
The complex dynamics of a predator-prey system in discrete time are studied. In this system, we consider the prey’s Gompertz growth and the square-root functional response. The existence of fixed points and stability are examined. Using the center manifold and bifurcation theory, we found that the system undergoes transcritical bifurcation, period-doubling bifurcation, and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation. In addition, numerical examples are presented to illustrate the consistency of the analytical findings. The bifurcation diagrams show that the positive fixed point is stable if the death rate of the predator is greater than a threshold value. Biologically, it means that to prevent the predator population from growing uncontrollably and stability of the positive fixed point, the predator’s death rate should be greater than the threshold value.
{"title":"Complex Dynamics of a Predator-Prey System With Gompertz Growth and Herd Behavior","authors":"Rizwan Ahmed, M. B. Almatrafi","doi":"10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28924/2291-8639-21-2023-100","url":null,"abstract":"The complex dynamics of a predator-prey system in discrete time are studied. In this system, we consider the prey’s Gompertz growth and the square-root functional response. The existence of fixed points and stability are examined. Using the center manifold and bifurcation theory, we found that the system undergoes transcritical bifurcation, period-doubling bifurcation, and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation. In addition, numerical examples are presented to illustrate the consistency of the analytical findings. The bifurcation diagrams show that the positive fixed point is stable if the death rate of the predator is greater than a threshold value. Biologically, it means that to prevent the predator population from growing uncontrollably and stability of the positive fixed point, the predator’s death rate should be greater than the threshold value.","PeriodicalId":45204,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analysis and Applications","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135154059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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