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Does Digitalization Boost Unemployment: Spatial Effects and COVID-19 Case 数字化是否会增加失业:空间效应和COVID-19案例
Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.7232/iems.2023.22.3.313
Varlamova Julia, Ekaterina Kadochnikova
The labor market always presupposes a collision of the supply and demand forces. Sharp fluctuations in the economic environment can reduce the demand for labor. In the article, the authors discuss how digitalization changes the labor market, increases its efficiency, but also creates negative effects for its equilibrium. The purpose of the study is authors` measurement of the impact of digitalization of households on the unemployment rate, taking into account the spatial heterogeneity of Russian regions on panel data for two periods: 2016-2019 and 2020-2021. We used Moran and Geary spatial correlation indices, an econometric model with spatial lags, and the maximum likelihood method. Also, we show clustering of Russian regions by unemployment rate, strengthening of spatial cooperation of regions by unemployment rate and digitalization of households during the coronacrisis. The findings distinguish that the influence of digitalization of households on the reduction of unemployment existed during the coronacrisis, and it absented in the period preceding the pandemic. The scientific novelty of the study is the measuring the impact of household digitalization on the unemployment rate in the regions of Russia, taking into account spatial effects. The main conclusions of the investigation can be used in scientific and practical activities for the implementation of institutional measures for the development of regional labor markets, considering spatial differentiation of Russian regions.
劳动力市场总是以供需力量的冲突为前提。经济环境的剧烈波动会减少对劳动力的需求。在本文中,作者讨论了数字化如何改变劳动力市场,提高其效率,但也对其均衡产生负面影响。该研究的目的是作者衡量家庭数字化对失业率的影响,同时考虑到俄罗斯地区在2016-2019年和2020-2021年两个时期面板数据的空间异质性。我们使用Moran和Geary空间相关指数,一个具有空间滞后的计量经济模型和最大似然方法。此外,我们还通过失业率展示了俄罗斯地区的集群性,通过失业率和家庭数字化加强了地区的空间合作。调查结果表明,家庭数字化对减少失业的影响在冠状病毒危机期间存在,而在大流行之前的时期则不存在。该研究的科学新颖之处在于,在考虑了空间效应的情况下,衡量了家庭数字化对俄罗斯各地区失业率的影响。调查的主要结论可以用于科学和实践活动,以实施区域劳动力市场发展的体制措施,考虑到俄罗斯地区的空间差异。
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引用次数: 0
An Advanced Optimal Algorithm for the Reliability Optimization Problem of a Series System with Multiple-Choice using Cost-to-Reliability Approach 用成本-可靠性法求解多选择串联系统可靠性优化问题的一种先进优化算法
Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.7232/iems.2023.22.3.215
Si-In Nam, Suhwan Kim
Reliability is a concept applied to systems used in various industrial sites and has been considered as an important measure in system design. The problem of determining the system structure to achieve optimal reliability under various constraints such as cost has been addressed and called Reliability Optimization Problems (ROP). But, the ROP is represented as a nonlinear binary integer programming problem and characterized as an NP-hard because it is the same as a knapsack problem with multiple choice constraints. So, various heuristic techniques have been developed to find relatively better solutions, rather than finding the best optimal solution. In this paper, the concept of cost-to-effectiveness is applied to the objective function to maximize reliability per unit cost setting the available budget to upper bound and the reliability at least to be satisfied to lower bound. Also, this study introduces an algorithm that guarantees global optimality of the ROP, and proves that it dramatically reduces the time required for finding optimal solution through GAMS experiments.
可靠性是一个适用于各种工业现场的系统的概念,已被认为是系统设计的重要指标。在诸如成本等各种约束条件下确定系统结构以达到最优可靠性的问题被称为可靠性优化问题(ROP)。但是,将ROP表示为非线性二进制整数规划问题,并将其表征为np困难问题,因为它与具有多项选择约束的背包问题相同。因此,各种启发式技术被开发出来,以找到相对更好的解决方案,而不是找到最佳的最优解决方案。本文将成本效益的概念应用于以单位成本可靠性最大化为目标函数,将可用预算设为上界,将可靠性至少满足设为下界。此外,本文还引入了一种保证ROP全局最优的算法,并通过GAMS实验证明,该算法极大地缩短了寻找最优解所需的时间。
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引用次数: 0
Recommendation Item Selection Algorithm Considering the Recommendation Region in Embedding Space and New Evaluation Metric 考虑嵌入空间推荐区域和新评价指标的推荐项目选择算法
Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.7232/iems.2023.22.3.340
Tomoki Amano, Ryotaro Shimizu, Masayuki Goto
In recent years, recommender systems based on machine learning have become common tools on various web services. Among recommendation models, embedding methods such as Item2Vec that utilize embedded representations of items are widely used in actual applications due to their effectiveness and ease of use. By utilizing embedded representations acquired through learning the interaction between users and items, it is easy to discover similar items from the viewpoint of the user’s purchasing tendencies. In contrast, with this method, only biased items are recommended, making it difficult to ensure a wide variety of recommended items. However, there is a trade-off between the diversity of recommended items and accuracy and providing diversity in recommended items while maintaining accuracy is a challenging problem. Therefore, in this study, we propose a method to expand the new evaluation metric
近年来,基于机器学习的推荐系统已经成为各种web服务上的常用工具。在推荐模型中,Item2Vec等利用项目嵌入表示的嵌入方法因其有效性和易用性在实际应用中得到了广泛的应用。利用通过学习用户与物品之间的交互而获得的嵌入式表征,从用户购买倾向的角度很容易发现相似的物品。相比之下,这种方法只推荐有偏见的项目,很难保证推荐项目的多样性。然而,在推荐项目的多样性和准确性之间存在权衡,在保持准确性的同时提供推荐项目的多样性是一个具有挑战性的问题。因此,在本研究中,我们提出了一种扩展新评价指标的方法
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引用次数: 0
Analyze and Investigate the Risks Facing Iraqi Economy for the Period (2003-2019) 分析调查2003-2019年伊拉克经济面临的风险
Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.7232/iems.2023.22.3.287
Ahmed W. Alrawi, Khaled Abdallah Ibraheem
This paper aims to analyze and investigate the risk that facing the Iraqi economy based on mathematical models for the period 2003 to 2019. International uncertainties could dampen next market activity and create crises. The Kolmo-gorov-Smirnov Test, the normality test, and the Multicollinearity Test have all been run and shown to be consistent with the hypotheses. It was the need for communication between the Iraqi securities market and domestic financial and economic institutions that sparked this study
本文旨在基于2003 - 2019年的数学模型,分析和研究伊拉克经济面临的风险。国际上的不确定性可能会抑制下一步的市场活动,并引发危机。Kolmo-gorov-Smirnov检验,正态性检验和多重共线性检验都已运行并显示与假设一致。伊拉克证券市场与国内金融和经济机构之间的沟通需求引发了这项研究
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引用次数: 0
Concurrent Scheduling of Machines and Tools without Tool Delay in a Multi Machine FMS using Flower Pollination Algorithm 基于花授粉算法的多机FMS中无刀具延迟的机具并行调度
Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.7232/iems.2023.22.3.199
Lalitha Mareddy Padma, Reddy Narapureddy Sivarami, Venkata Ramamurthy Dwivedula, Sunil V Prayagi
This paper deals with machines and tools joint scheduling in a multi-machine flexible manufacturing system to minimize makespan with the lowest possible copies of every type of tool without tool delay. The tools are placed in a central tool magazine that shares with and serves several machines. The problem is determining the lowest possible copies of every type of tool, allocation of tool copies to job-operations, and job-operations’ sequencing on machines without tool delay for makespan minimization. This paper proposes a nonlinear mixed integer programming formulation to model this simultaneous scheduling problem and flower pollination algorithm based on the flowers’ pollination process for solving this problem. The results have been tabulated, analyzed, and compared.
本文研究了多机柔性制造系统中机床与刀具的联合调度问题,以期在不造成刀具延迟的情况下,使每种刀具的副本尽可能少,使最大完工时间最小化。这些工具被放置在一个中央工具库中,该工具库与几台机器共享并服务。问题是确定每种类型的工具的最低副本,将工具副本分配给作业操作,以及在没有工具延迟的机器上对作业操作进行排序,以实现最大时间跨度的最小化。本文提出了一种非线性混合整数规划公式来模拟这一同步调度问题,并提出了一种基于花授粉过程的授粉算法来求解这一问题。结果已被制表、分析和比较。
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引用次数: 0
Factors Affecting Crop Choices in Thailand: Rice or Sugarcane? 影响泰国作物选择的因素:水稻还是甘蔗?
Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.7232/iems.2023.22.3.244
Sasarose Jaijit, Paoprasert Naraphorn, Papis Wongchaisuwat, Kittipadakul Piya
This work identifies the key factors affecting the substitution of rice with sugarcane production in Thailand. We collected primary data from 223 farmers in a targeted area of Chachoengsao, Lopburi, and Saraburi Provinces. To determine the most important factors using stepwise and PCA in logistic regression approaches, aspects such as physical and crop characteristics, socioeconomic indicators, and personal perspectives were examined. Our stepwise selection procedure with a 95% confidence interval revealed that 9 out of the 38 features were retained for Area 1 and a total of 12 features were retained for Area 2. From using PCA in logistic regression, the knowledge of sugarcane farming and the cost of sugarcane farming were the top features of encourage and inhibit factors in the choice to switch crops in Area 1. Conversely, rice farmers in Area 2 base their decisions predominantly on their knowledge of sugarcane farming while the adaption of sugarcane production technology contributed to the farmers
这项工作确定了影响泰国以甘蔗替代大米生产的关键因素。我们收集了chachengsao省、华武里省和Saraburi省目标地区223名农民的原始数据。为了在逻辑回归方法中使用逐步和主成分分析来确定最重要的因素,研究了物理和作物特征、社会经济指标和个人观点等方面。我们的逐步选择程序(95%置信区间)显示,38个特征中有9个被保留用于区域1,总共12个特征被保留用于区域2。从logistic回归的主成分分析来看,甘蔗种植知识和甘蔗种植成本是1区农民选择转种作物的主要激励因素和抑制因素。相反,2区稻农的决策主要基于他们对甘蔗种植的了解,而甘蔗生产技术的适应对农民有贡献
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引用次数: 0
A Study of Diversity Analysis Model Based on Embeddings for Cooking Recipes 基于嵌入的烹饪食谱多样性分析模型研究
Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.7232/iems.2023.22.3.327
Koutarou Yamashita, Fumiyo Ito, Kyosuke Hasumoto, Masayuki Goto
Recently, a large number of cooking recipes have been posted and shared on the Internet. Various machine learning techniques have been proposed to analyze those recipes. Those include a method to discover alternative ingredients by obtaining distributed representations from cooking procedures and ingredient names, or a method to extract basic procedures from common features in cooking procedures. Such methods utilize the constructed semantic space to calculate the distances among cooking procedures and ingredients for recipes, and demonstrate effectiveness by evaluating similarity of recipes. Using a similar semantic space, we can analyze not only the similarities among recipes but also their diversity. Even for the same dish name, there could be a variety of recipes, depending on the contributor. The diversity of recipes varies from dish to dish. By taking this diversity into account, it is possible to perform various analyses such as extracting recipes that are suitable for each user. In this study, we propose a method to analyze the diversity of recipes using distributed representation. In addition, we apply the proposed method to the posted data on an actual recipe site and show its usefulness.
最近,互联网上发布和分享了大量的烹饪食谱。人们提出了各种机器学习技术来分析这些食谱。这些包括一种通过从烹饪过程和成分名称中获得分布式表示来发现替代成分的方法,或者一种从烹饪过程的共同特征中提取基本过程的方法。这些方法利用构建的语义空间来计算烹饪过程和食谱原料之间的距离,并通过评估食谱的相似度来证明有效性。利用相似语义空间,不仅可以分析菜谱之间的相似性,还可以分析菜谱之间的差异性。即使是同一个菜名,也可能有不同的食谱,这取决于贡献者。每道菜的食谱都不一样。通过考虑这种多样性,可以执行各种分析,例如提取适合每个用户的食谱。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种使用分布式表示来分析食谱多样性的方法。此外,我们将所提出的方法应用于实际菜谱站点上发布的数据,并展示了它的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
Applying Data Envelopment Analysis and Grey Model for the Productivity Evaluation of Vietnamese Tourism 应用数据包络分析和灰色模型评价越南旅游业生产力
Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.7232/iems.2023.22.3.298
Thanh-Tuyen Tran, Minh Triet Le, Nhu-Ty Nguyen
Travel and tourism are performing significant important roles in Vietnam, this industry has gradually been a critical sector of the economy. As a result, understanding the ability to perform of firms in this industry helps to ensure the sustainable growth of Vietnamese travel and tourism industry. In this study, the researcher suggests a combined method including a grey model (GM) and a Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to evaluate the abilities to perform of travel and tourism Vietnamese for some past periods. After gathering the data for 14 Vietnamese travel and tourism firms over the four-year period of 2015-2018, the research applies GM to estimate values of selected input and output factors for the 14 Vietnamese travel and tourism firms in two next years 2019 and 2020. Then, one MPI model is employed to evaluate the performance of those firms in past years and next two years from forecasted values by GM. The MPI indexes reveal several firms will get higher efficiency, while others will get lower efficiency in the future. This integrated numerical research provides past-present-future insights for decision-makers to maintain sustainable development of travel and tourism industry in Vietnam by performance analysis.
旅游和旅游业在越南扮演着重要的角色,这一行业已逐渐成为经济的重要部门。因此,了解该行业公司的执行能力有助于确保越南旅游业的可持续增长。在本研究中,研究人员提出了一种包括灰色模型(GM)和马尔姆奎斯特生产力指数(MPI)的组合方法来评估越南过去一些时期的旅游和旅游能力。在收集了2015-2018年四年期间14家越南旅游公司的数据后,该研究应用通用汽车来估计未来两年(2019年和2020年)14家越南旅游公司的选定投入和产出要素的价值。然后,利用通用汽车的预测值,采用MPI模型对这些企业过去几年和未来两年的绩效进行评价。MPI指数显示,未来一些企业的效率将会提高,而另一些企业的效率将会降低。这一综合数值研究为决策者提供了过去现在未来的见解,以保持越南旅游业的可持续发展的绩效分析。
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引用次数: 0
A Neutrosophic Number based Multi-Choice Best-Worst Multi-criteria Decision-Making Approach and its Applications 基于中性数的多选择最佳-最差多准则决策方法及其应用
Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.7232/iems.2023.22.3.224
Seema Bano, Gulzarul Hasan Md, Abdul Quddoos
The best-worst method (BWM) is an advantageous mathematical method for solving the problem of prioritization in real-life decision-making problems. It helps to provide consensus decision-making by minimizing inconsistency and weighing the factors. BWM takes pairwise comparisons as input parameters. To address such issues where multiple options are assigned by experts to pairwise comparisons, Multi-choice BWM was developed. This method has shown its application in handling various choices and choosing that choice for which inconsistency is minimized. In this work, we have incorporated neutrosophic fuzziness in multiple options of pairwise comparisons in the form of triangular neutrosophic numbers. Neutrosophic numbers provide us with membership, non-membership, and indeterminacy grades, which incorporate more information to handle uncertainty in real-life decision problems. We have proposed a mathematical framework to accommodate neutrosophic fuzzy theory, multiple choices, and best-worst method approaches for solving multi-criteria decision-making problems. To show the applicability of the proposed model and validate our study, the method has been experimented with three case studies. The results obtained are compared with previously proposed models. It shows that similar ranking orders are obtained using the proposed approach.
最佳-最差方法(best-worst method, BWM)是解决现实决策问题中优先级问题的一种有利的数学方法。它通过最小化不一致和权衡因素来帮助提供一致的决策。BWM将两两比较作为输入参数。为了解决专家为两两比较分配多个选项的问题,开发了多选择BWM。该方法在处理各种选择和选择使不一致性最小化的选择方面已显示出其应用。在这项工作中,我们以三角形嗜中性数的形式将嗜中性模糊纳入两两比较的多种选择中。中性数字为我们提供了隶属、非隶属和不确定等级,它们包含了更多的信息来处理现实生活中的决策问题中的不确定性。我们提出了一个数学框架,以适应中性模糊理论,多重选择和最佳-最差方法方法来解决多准则决策问题。为了证明所提出的模型的适用性并验证我们的研究,该方法已通过三个案例研究进行了实验。所得结果与先前提出的模型进行了比较。结果表明,采用该方法可以得到相似的排序顺序。
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引用次数: 0
An Evaluation of Lean Intervention Combined with Ergonomics on Enhancing Productivity and Workplace Risk Reduction: A Literature Review 精益干预结合人机工程学对提高生产力和降低工作场所风险的评价:文献综述
Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.7232/iems.2023.22.3.259
Al-Zuheri Atiya, Hussein Salim Kaitan, Iman Q. Al Saffar, Al-Zubaidi Salam
Over the past two decades, themes of lean manufacturing and ergonomics have garnered significant attention as areas of study and integration aimed at enhancing manufacturing processes. An increasing number of companies recognize the potential impact of combining ergonomics with lean manufacturing implementation on improving workers
在过去的二十年里,精益制造和人体工程学的主题已经获得了显著的关注,作为研究和整合的领域,旨在提高制造过程。越来越多的公司认识到将人体工程学与精益生产实施相结合对提高工人的潜在影响
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引用次数: 0
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Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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