Pub Date : 2023-12-30eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i14.14613
Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Behin Araminia, Hanieh Tavasoli, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Ahmad Fayaz Bakhshe
One of the critical aspects in discussing human dignity is the establishment of its criterion, a standard unique to humans. This criterion should effectively create a fundamental and structural distinction from other creatures. Initially, our focus was on the endeavors of biologists to differentiate the human species from others, emphasizing the physical aspects. However, physical and genetic differences lack the necessary characteristics to serve as a criterion for dignity. Subsequently, we explored the notion of this criterion in human behavior. Yet, given that behavior stems from human thought, it proves unsuitable as a criterion for dignity. Thus, our quest led us to explore human wisdom. However, since wisdom, like other abilities, serves as a tool for improved living and is present to some extent in other animals, it proves inadequate as a criterion. We have determined that the distinguishing characteristic lies in the power of choice or free will, setting humans apart from other living beings whose behavior is solely instinctual or driven by needs. Consequently, free choice forms the foundation of dignity, assigning value to the chooser based on the choices made.
{"title":"Examining the criteria of human dignity.","authors":"Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Behin Araminia, Hanieh Tavasoli, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Ahmad Fayaz Bakhshe","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i14.14613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v16i14.14613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the critical aspects in discussing human dignity is the establishment of its criterion, a standard unique to humans. This criterion should effectively create a fundamental and structural distinction from other creatures. Initially, our focus was on the endeavors of biologists to differentiate the human species from others, emphasizing the physical aspects. However, physical and genetic differences lack the necessary characteristics to serve as a criterion for dignity. Subsequently, we explored the notion of this criterion in human behavior. Yet, given that behavior stems from human thought, it proves unsuitable as a criterion for dignity. Thus, our quest led us to explore human wisdom. However, since wisdom, like other abilities, serves as a tool for improved living and is present to some extent in other animals, it proves inadequate as a criterion. We have determined that the distinguishing characteristic lies in the power of choice or free will, setting humans apart from other living beings whose behavior is solely instinctual or driven by needs. Consequently, free choice forms the foundation of dignity, assigning value to the chooser based on the choices made.</p>","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10909333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i12.14307
Farzad Zakian Khorramabadi, Vahid Moazzen, A. Parsapour, Amirhossein Takian, Abbas Mirshekari, Bagher Larijani, E. S. Gooshki
The right to health is an internationally recognized and established human right with a long history of appreciation, indicating that governments should guarantee the highest possible level of access to health and provide health-care serivces with no discrimination based on nationality, race, gender, language or religion. The present study explored this topic using an analytic-descriptive approach. We reviewed related laws, policies and other available documents with the aim to investigate the ethico-legal aspects of Afghan refugees' and immigrants' access to health care and the challenges in in this regard within the Iranian health law system. According to the results of this study, the Iranian health law could be interpreted to include all Afghan immigrants in the country’s public health system as a legal commitment. In addition, while basic and primary health coverage is available for all Afghan immigrants in Iran, provision of other medical and rehabilitative health services to documented and undocumented immigrants follow different methods. In order to alleviate the current situation, we recommend strategies such as supporting policy changes intended to register undocumented immigrants, which naturally results in an increase in their access to health care.
{"title":"Access to health care for Afghan immigrants and refugees: an ethico-legal analysis based on the Iranian health law system","authors":"Farzad Zakian Khorramabadi, Vahid Moazzen, A. Parsapour, Amirhossein Takian, Abbas Mirshekari, Bagher Larijani, E. S. Gooshki","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i12.14307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v16i12.14307","url":null,"abstract":"The right to health is an internationally recognized and established human right with a long history of appreciation, indicating that governments should guarantee the highest possible level of access to health and provide health-care serivces with no discrimination based on nationality, race, gender, language or religion. The present study explored this topic using an analytic-descriptive approach. We reviewed related laws, policies and other available documents with the aim to investigate the ethico-legal aspects of Afghan refugees' and immigrants' access to health care and the challenges in in this regard within the Iranian health law system. \u0000 According to the results of this study, the Iranian health law could be interpreted to include all Afghan immigrants in the country’s public health system as a legal commitment. In addition, while basic and primary health coverage is available for all Afghan immigrants in Iran, provision of other medical and rehabilitative health services to documented and undocumented immigrants follow different methods. \u0000In order to alleviate the current situation, we recommend strategies such as supporting policy changes intended to register undocumented immigrants, which naturally results in an increase in their access to health care.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"39 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138589028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i10.14305
Cornelius Ewuoso
This article draws on the underexplored or novel accounts of inclusion and the moral accounts of decolonization in African health decolonial literature to increase our understanding of how ethics dumping manifests in health research partnerships, and what more ought to be done to eliminate this phenomenon. African decolonial health literature proposes “inclusion that matters” – conceptualized as substantial, respectful and deep engagement with African agency – as a solution to end domination or mitigate the “appearance” of inclusion. Based on this supposition, the harm of ethics dumping – and I demonstrate how – is that it fails to engage the agency of Africans, and listen to or echo their voices in health and health research collaborations on the continent, or research collaborations that have significant implications for them. This account of inclusion can usefully increase our thinking about ethics dumping, which is ultimately and in several ways a failure to practice responsible science. Research is required to increase our understanding of what could reasonably constitute responsible science from a variety of perspectives.
{"title":"Decolonial health literature can increase our thinking about ethics dumping","authors":"Cornelius Ewuoso","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i10.14305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v16i10.14305","url":null,"abstract":"This article draws on the underexplored or novel accounts of inclusion and the moral accounts of decolonization in African health decolonial literature to increase our understanding of how ethics dumping manifests in health research partnerships, and what more ought to be done to eliminate this phenomenon. African decolonial health literature proposes “inclusion that matters” – conceptualized as substantial, respectful and deep engagement with African agency – as a solution to end domination or mitigate the “appearance” of inclusion. Based on this supposition, the harm of ethics dumping – and I demonstrate how – is that it fails to engage the agency of Africans, and listen to or echo their voices in health and health research collaborations on the continent, or research collaborations that have significant implications for them. This account of inclusion can usefully increase our thinking about ethics dumping, which is ultimately and in several ways a failure to practice responsible science. Research is required to increase our understanding of what could reasonably constitute responsible science from a variety of perspectives.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"446 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i11.14306
Raheleh Amiri, Mina Gaeeni, H. A. Tehran
Moral reasoning is necessary to the nursing profession. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of moral reasoning in spiritual intelligence and caring behaviors among Iranian emergency nurses. In this descriptive-analytical study structural equation modeling (SEM) is employed for the data analysis. the minimum required sample size determined by the number of parameters of the model was 18. Considering that 5 to 15 samples were required for each of the parameters; the required sample size was 272. Nurses working in the emergency department of all hospitals in Qom, Iran, were selected by convenience sampling. Demographic characteristics inventory, King’s Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory, Crisham’s Nursing Dilemma Test, and Wolf’s Caring Behaviors Inventory used for data collection. SPSS (V20) and Mplus were used to analyze the data. The results showed that a significant direct relationship was observed between moral reasoning and caring behaviors. According to SEM results, direct and indirect effects were observed of spiritual intelligence on caring behavior It is therefore recommended managers and hospital officials pay meticulous attention to spiritual intelligence and the power of decision-making in nurses to improve their caring behaviors.
{"title":"The mediating role of moral reasoning in spiritual intelligence and caring behaviors in Iranian emergency nurses","authors":"Raheleh Amiri, Mina Gaeeni, H. A. Tehran","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i11.14306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v16i11.14306","url":null,"abstract":"Moral reasoning is necessary to the nursing profession. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of moral reasoning in spiritual intelligence and caring behaviors among Iranian emergency nurses. \u0000In this descriptive-analytical study structural equation modeling (SEM) is employed for the data analysis. the minimum required sample size determined by the number of parameters of the model was 18. Considering that 5 to 15 samples were required for each of the parameters; the required sample size was 272. Nurses working in the emergency department of all hospitals in Qom, Iran, were selected by convenience sampling. Demographic characteristics inventory, King’s Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory, Crisham’s Nursing Dilemma Test, and Wolf’s Caring Behaviors Inventory used for data collection. SPSS (V20) and Mplus were used to analyze the data. \u0000The results showed that a significant direct relationship was observed between moral reasoning and caring behaviors. According to SEM results, direct and indirect effects were observed of spiritual intelligence on caring behavior It is therefore recommended managers and hospital officials pay meticulous attention to spiritual intelligence and the power of decision-making in nurses to improve their caring behaviors. ","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"18 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138589458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i9.14304
Eti Muharremi, Gentian Vyshka
The Yalta Conference of 1945 brought together three of the most influential leaders of the 20th century: Franklin D. Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin and Winston Churchill. Surprisingly, all three leaders would go on to suffer strokes after the conference. This manuscript examines the health status of these leaders during and after the Yalta Conference, the factors that contributed to their strokes (including the role of hypertension), and other modifiable risk factors present in each one of them, and the impact of their declining health on their countries and the world. Roosevelt's demise, prior to the conclusion of the war, triggered a leadership transition during a critical moment in history, while Churchill and Stalin's passing shaped the early Cold War era. A veil of secrecy shrouded the health conditions of these pivotal leaders. “The Big Three” made considerable efforts to hide their health conditions from both the press and the public at large. Understanding the health of political leaders is crucial as it can affect their decision-making abilities and the course of history. The fates of Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill serve as important reminders of the potential consequences of poor health in the highest echelons of political power.
{"title":"The ill-fated triad: Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill - Post-Yalta strokes and the impact on world leaders","authors":"Eti Muharremi, Gentian Vyshka","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i9.14304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v16i9.14304","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The Yalta Conference of 1945 brought together three of the most influential leaders of the 20th century: Franklin D. Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin and Winston Churchill. Surprisingly, all three leaders would go on to suffer strokes after the conference. This manuscript examines the health status of these leaders during and after the Yalta Conference, the factors that contributed to their strokes (including the role of hypertension), and other modifiable risk factors present in each one of them, and the impact of their declining health on their countries and the world. \u0000Roosevelt's demise, prior to the conclusion of the war, triggered a leadership transition during a critical moment in history, while Churchill and Stalin's passing shaped the early Cold War era. A veil of secrecy shrouded the health conditions of these pivotal leaders. “The Big Three” made considerable efforts to hide their health conditions from both the press and the public at large. Understanding the health of political leaders is crucial as it can affect their decision-making abilities and the course of history. The fates of Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill serve as important reminders of the potential consequences of poor health in the highest echelons of political power. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"254 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i13.14308
Soolmaz Moosavi, Maryam Sadaat Mousavi, Ayat Ahmadi, Amirhossein Mardani, A. Parsapoor, E. S. Gooshki
Considering the importance of respecting and observing patients’ rights, this study aimed to assess the level of observance of hospitalized patients’ rights from both patients’ and health-care workers' (HCWs) perspectives. This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study reports the responses of 486 patients and 887 HCWs in a public referral university hospital. The study illustrates that patients and HCWs think patients’ rights are respected at a medium level; however, HCWs reported lower levels of respect for patients’ rights than patients, and senior HCWs reported even lower levels than their younger colleagues. Older patients and those hospitalized in internal medicine wards reported lower respect for autonomy and responsiveness, and patients’ companions reported lower levels of respect for patients’ rights than the patients themselves.
{"title":"Respecting patients’ rights in hospitals: patients’ and health-care workers’ perspectives","authors":"Soolmaz Moosavi, Maryam Sadaat Mousavi, Ayat Ahmadi, Amirhossein Mardani, A. Parsapoor, E. S. Gooshki","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i13.14308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v16i13.14308","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the importance of respecting and observing patients’ rights, this study aimed to assess the level of observance of hospitalized patients’ rights from both patients’ and health-care workers' (HCWs) perspectives. This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study reports the responses of 486 patients and 887 HCWs in a public referral university hospital. The study illustrates that patients and HCWs think patients’ rights are respected at a medium level; however, HCWs reported lower levels of respect for patients’ rights than patients, and senior HCWs reported even lower levels than their younger colleagues. Older patients and those hospitalized in internal medicine wards reported lower respect for autonomy and responsiveness, and patients’ companions reported lower levels of respect for patients’ rights than the patients themselves.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138587605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ethical challenges raised by osteoporosis-related clinical trials","authors":"Maryam Mirahmad, Sayed Mahmoud Sajjadi-Jazi, Fariba Asghari, Bagher Larijani","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i7.14302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v16i7.14302","url":null,"abstract":"The Article Abstract is not available.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"43 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138587485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i8.14303
G. Shafiee, N. Z. Balajam, R. Heshmat, Bagher Larijani
The Article Abstract is not available.
文章摘要不可用。
{"title":"Ethical considerations in sarcopenia research","authors":"G. Shafiee, N. Z. Balajam, R. Heshmat, Bagher Larijani","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i8.14303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v16i8.14303","url":null,"abstract":"The Article Abstract is not available.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"42 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138588362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ethical challenges in gestational diabetes.","authors":"Mojgan Asadi, Farzaneh Zahedi, Mahbube Ebrahimpur, Bagher Larijani","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i6.13470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v16i6.13470","url":null,"abstract":"The Article Abstract is not available.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/30/2e/JMEHM-16-6.PMC10518638.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41173606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i4.13232
Vahid Moazzen, Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki
The concept of individual freedom has complex and multifaceted dimensions that significantly affect the limits of permissible government interventions aimed at restricting such freedoms and maintaining public health. Therefore, the boundary between individual freedom and the social obligations of the government must be carefully clarified. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the need for such clarifications clearly increased. This study intended to investigate the concept of freedom according to major theories and to observe their application in analyzing the relations between individuals and the government in the health system, particularly during public health emergencies. The findings revealed that "justice-based", "development-based" and "accountability-based" conceptions of freedom provide a more appropriate rationale for implementation of public health restrictive measures by health authorities during infectious disease outbreaks including pandemics such as COVID-19. Even in minimal governments that are built upon a free-market system and unrestricted conception of individuals' freedom, such public health interventions are justifiable in the light of the 'Catastrophic Moral Horror' where there is an extreme risk to the health of citizens.
{"title":"The extent of government intervention in the public health system and individual freedoms during the Covid-19 pandemic: a theoretical analysis.","authors":"Vahid Moazzen, Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i4.13232","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i4.13232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concept of individual freedom has complex and multifaceted dimensions that significantly affect the limits of permissible government interventions aimed at restricting such freedoms and maintaining public health. Therefore, the boundary between individual freedom and the social obligations of the government must be carefully clarified. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the need for such clarifications clearly increased. This study intended to investigate the concept of freedom according to major theories and to observe their application in analyzing the relations between individuals and the government in the health system, particularly during public health emergencies. The findings revealed that \"justice-based\", \"development-based\" and \"accountability-based\" conceptions of freedom provide a more appropriate rationale for implementation of public health restrictive measures by health authorities during infectious disease outbreaks including pandemics such as COVID-19. Even in minimal governments that are built upon a free-market system and unrestricted conception of individuals' freedom, such public health interventions are justifiable in the light of the 'Catastrophic Moral Horror' where there is an extreme risk to the health of citizens.</p>","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b6/8d/JMEHM-16-4.PMC10518637.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41133143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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