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Extracting locations from sport and exercise-related social media messages using a neural network-based bilingual toponym recognition model 使用基于神经网络的双语地名识别模型从运动和锻炼相关的社交媒体信息中提取位置
IF 1.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.5311/josis.2022.24.167
Pengyuan Liu, Sonja Koivisto, Tuomo Hiippala, Charlotte Van der Lijn, Tuomas Vaisanen, Marisofia Nurmi, T. Toivonen, Kirsi Vehkakoski, Janne Pyykonen, Ilkka Virmasalo, Mikko Simula, Elina Hasanen, Anna-Katriina Salmikangas, P. Muukkonen
Sport and exercise contribute to health and well-being in cities. While previous research has mainly focused on activities at specific locations such as sport facilities, "informal sport" that occur at arbitrary locations across the city have been largely neglected. Such activities are more challenging to observe, but this challenge may be addressed using data collected from social media platforms, because social media users regularly generate content related to sports and exercise at given locations. This allows studying all sport, including those "informal sport" which are at arbitrary locations, to better understand sports and exercise-related activities in cities. However, user-generated geographical information available on social media platforms is becoming scarcer and coarser. This places increased emphasis on extracting location information from free-form text content on social media, which is complicated by multilingualism and informal language. To support this effort, this article presents an end-to-end deep learning-based bilingual toponym recognition model for extracting location information from social media content related to sports and exercise. We show that our approach outperforms five state-of-the-art deep learning and machine learning models. We further demonstrate how our model can be deployed in a geoparsing framework to support city planners in promoting healthy and active lifestyles.
体育和锻炼有助于城市居民的健康和福祉。虽然以前的研究主要集中在特定地点的活动,如体育设施,但在城市任意地点发生的“非正式体育”在很大程度上被忽视了。观察这些活动更具挑战性,但这一挑战可以通过使用从社交媒体平台收集的数据来解决,因为社交媒体用户经常在特定地点生成与体育和锻炼相关的内容。这样就可以研究所有的运动,包括那些在任意地点进行的“非正式运动”,从而更好地了解城市中的体育和与运动相关的活动。然而,社交媒体平台上可用的用户生成的地理信息正变得越来越稀缺和粗糙。这使得从社交媒体上的自由文本内容中提取位置信息变得更加重要,而多语言和非正式语言使这一问题变得复杂。为了支持这一努力,本文提出了一种基于端到端深度学习的双语地名识别模型,用于从与体育和锻炼相关的社交媒体内容中提取位置信息。我们表明,我们的方法优于五种最先进的深度学习和机器学习模型。我们进一步展示了如何将我们的模型部署在地质测量框架中,以支持城市规划者促进健康和积极的生活方式。
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引用次数: 3
Deriving topological relations from topologically augmented direction relation matrices 由拓扑增广方向关系矩阵导出拓扑关系
IF 1.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.5311/josis.2021.23.155
Matthew P. Dube
Topological relations and direction relations represent two pieces of the qualitative spatial reasoning triumvirate. Researchers have previously attempted to use the direction relation matrix to derive a topological relation, finding that no single direction relation matrix can isolate a particular topological relation. In this paper, the technique of topological augmentation is applied to the same problem, identifying a unique topological relation in 28.6% of all topologically augmented direction relation matrices, and furthermore achieving a reduction in a further 40.4% of topologically augmented direction relation matrices when compared to their vanilla direction relation matrix counterpart.
拓扑关系和方向关系代表了定性空间推理三元体系的两部分。研究人员以前曾试图使用方向关系矩阵来推导拓扑关系,发现没有一个单一的方向关系矩阵可以分离出特定的拓扑关系。本文将拓扑增广技术应用于同一问题,在28.6%的拓扑增广方向关系矩阵中识别出一个唯一的拓扑关系,并且与普通方向关系矩阵相比,拓扑增广的方向关系矩阵又减少了40.4%。
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引用次数: 4
The semantics of place-related questions 地点相关问题的语义
IF 1.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.5311/josis.2021.23.161
W. Kuhn, E. Hamzei, M. Tomko, S. Winter, Haonan Li
The trend to equip information systems with question-answering capabilities raises the design problem of deciding which questions a system should be able to answer. Typical solutions build on mining human conversations or logs from similar systems for question patterns. For the case of questions about geographic places, we present a complementary approach, showing how to derive possible questions from an ontology of spatial information and a classification of place facets. We argue that such an approach reduces the inherent and substantial data bias of current solutions. At a more general level, we provide a novel understanding of spatial questions and their role in designing and using spatial information systems.
为信息系统配备问题回答能力的趋势提出了决定系统应该能够回答哪些问题的设计问题。典型的解决方案建立在从类似系统中挖掘人类对话或日志以获取问题模式的基础上。对于关于地理位置的问题,我们提出了一种互补的方法,展示了如何从空间信息的本体论和位置方面的分类中得出可能的问题。我们认为,这种方法减少了当前解决方案固有的、实质性的数据偏差。在更一般的层面上,我们对空间问题及其在设计和使用空间信息系统中的作用提供了新的理解。
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引用次数: 6
Sense of place and the city: the case of non-native residents in Lisbon 地方感和城市感:里斯本非本地居民的案例
IF 1.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.5311/josis.2021.23.165
Vicente Tang, Albert Acedo, M. Painho
When immigrants move to a new city, they tend to develop distinct relationships with the urban landscape, which in turn becomes the new setting of their routine-based activities that evolve over time. Previous works in environmental psychology have quantitatively examined non-native residents' development of sense of place towards their new environment. In this paper, we introduce the spatial perspective into studying the sense of place experienced by non-natives in an urban context. We study the person-place bonds, relationships, and feelings cultivated by non-native residents living in the city of Lisbon (Portugal) through an online map-based survey. Then, we carried out spatial analysis aimed at distinguishing and visualizing the different facets of sense of place developed by two participant groups: short-term residents and long-term residents. Results showed that while short-term residents reported bonds with places, long-term residents' senses of place were more intense and broader throughout the city. The correlations, associations, and relationships between participant groups and the dimensions of sense of place allowed us to observe features and patterns that were previously described in the literature, although adding the spatial lenses can potentially provide better insights for urban planning, community development, and inclusive policies.
当移民搬到一个新城市时,他们往往会与城市景观发展出独特的关系,这反过来又成为他们日常活动的新环境,并随着时间的推移而演变。先前的环境心理学研究定量地考察了非本地居民对新环境的地方感发展。在本文中,我们将空间视角引入到研究非本地人在城市背景下所体验的地方感中。我们通过一项基于在线地图的调查,研究了居住在葡萄牙里斯本市的非本地居民所培养的人地关系、人际关系和情感。然后,我们进行了空间分析,旨在区分和可视化两个参与者群体(短期居民和长期居民)产生的地方感的不同方面。结果显示,虽然短期居民报告与地方有联系,但长期居民的地方感在整个城市更强烈、更广泛。参与者群体与地方感维度之间的相关性、关联性和关系使我们能够观察到文献中先前描述的特征和模式,尽管添加空间透镜可能会为城市规划、社区发展和包容性政策提供更好的见解。
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引用次数: 3
Interdisciplinary perspectives on place 关于地点的跨学科观点
IF 1.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.5311/josis.2021.23.203
R. Westerholt, FB Mocnik, R. Westerholt, Franz-Benjamin Mocnik
Editorial for the Special Feature on Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Place.
地方的跨学科视角专题社论。
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引用次数: 2
Using textual volunteered geographic information to model nature-based activities: A case study from Aotearoa New Zealand 利用文本自愿地理信息模拟基于自然的活动:以新西兰奥特罗阿为例
IF 1.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.5311/josis.2021.23.157
E. Egorova
A boom in volunteered geographic information has led to extensive data-driven exploration and modeling of places. While many studies have used such data to explore human-environment interaction in urban settings, few have investigated natural, non-urban settings. To address this gap, this study systematically explores the content of online reviews of nature-based recreation activities, and develops a fine-grained hierarchical model that includes 28 aspects grouped into three main domains: activity, settings, and emotions/cognition. It further demonstrates how the model can be used to explore the variation in recreation experiences across activities, setting the stage for the analysis of the spatio-temporal variations in recreation experiences in the future. Importantly, the study provides an annotated corpus that can be used as a training dataset for developing methods to automatically capture aspects of recreation experiences in texts.
志愿提供地理信息的热潮导致了广泛的数据驱动的地方探索和建模。虽然许多研究使用这些数据来探索城市环境中人与环境的相互作用,但很少有研究调查自然、非城市环境。为了解决这一差距,本研究系统地探讨了基于自然的娱乐活动的在线评论内容,并开发了一个细粒度的分层模型,该模型包括28个方面,分为三个主要领域:活动、设置和情感/认知。该研究进一步证明了该模型可以用于探索不同活动中游憩体验的变化,为未来分析游憩体验的时空变化奠定了基础。重要的是,该研究提供了一个带注释的语料库,可以用作开发自动捕获文本中娱乐体验方面的方法的训练数据集。
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引用次数: 4
Neural factoid geospatial question answering 神经因子式地理空间问答
IF 1.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.5311/josis.2021.23.159
Haonan Li, E. Hamzei, I. Majić, Hua Hua, Jochen Renz, M. Tomko, M. Vasardani, S. Winter, Timothy Baldwin
Existing question answering systems struggle to answer factoid questions when geospatial information is involved. This is because most systems cannot accurately detect the geospatial semantic elements from the natural language questions, or capture the semantic relationships between those elements. In this paper, we propose a geospatial semantic encoding schema and a semantic graph representation which captures the semantic relations and dependencies in geospatial questions. We demonstrate that our proposed graph representation approach aids in the translation from natural language to a formal, executable expression in a query language. To decrease the need for people to provide explanatory information as part of their question and make the translation fully automatic, we treat the semantic encoding of the question as a sequential tagging task, and the graph generation of the query as a semantic dependency parsing task. We apply neural network approaches to automatically encode the geospatial questions into spatial semantic graph representations. Compared with current template-based approaches, our method generalises to a broader range of questions, including those with complex syntax and semantics. Our proposed approach achieves better results on GeoData201 than existing methods.
当涉及地理空间信息时,现有的问答系统很难回答事实问题。这是因为大多数系统无法从自然语言问题中准确检测地理空间语义元素,也无法捕捉这些元素之间的语义关系。在本文中,我们提出了一种地理空间语义编码模式和一种语义图表示,它捕捉了地理空间问题中的语义关系和依赖关系。我们证明了我们提出的图表示方法有助于从自然语言转换为查询语言中的正式可执行表达式。为了减少人们在问题中提供解释性信息的需求,并使翻译完全自动化,我们将问题的语义编码视为一个顺序标记任务,将查询的图形生成视为语义依赖解析任务。我们应用神经网络方法将地理空间问题自动编码为空间语义图表示。与当前基于模板的方法相比,我们的方法适用于更广泛的问题,包括那些具有复杂语法和语义的问题。我们提出的方法在GeoData201上获得了比现有方法更好的结果。
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引用次数: 2
Identifying regional variation in place visit behavior during a global pandemic 确定全球大流行期间地点访问行为的区域差异
IF 1.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.5311/josis.2021.23.170
Grant McKenzie, Kevin M. Mwenda
The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in 2019 lead to a global pandemic that altered the activity behavior of most people on our planet. While government regulations and public concern modified visitation patterns to places of interest, little research has examined the nuanced changes in the length of time someone spends at a place, nor the regional variability of these changes. In this work, we examine place visit duration in four major U.S. cities, identify which place types saw the largest and smallest changes, and quantify variation between cities. Furthermore, we identify socio-economic and demographic factors that contribute to changes in visit duration and demonstrate the varying influence of these factors by region. The results of our analysis indicate that the pandemic's impact on visiting behavior varies between cities, though there are commonalities found in certain types of places. Our findings suggest that places of interest within lower income communities experienced less change in visit duration than others. An increase in the percentage of younger, Black or Hispanic populations within a community also resulted in a smaller decrease in visit duration than in other communities. These findings offer insight into the factors that contribute to changes in visiting behavior and the resilience of communities to a global pandemic.
2019年严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型的出现导致了一场全球大流行,改变了我们星球上大多数人的活动行为。虽然政府法规和公众关注改变了对名胜古迹的访问模式,但很少有研究考察一个人在一个地方停留的时间长度的细微变化,也没有研究这些变化的区域变异性。在这项工作中,我们研究了美国四个主要城市的场所访问持续时间,确定哪些场所类型的变化最大和最小,并量化了城市之间的变化。此外,我们确定了导致访问持续时间变化的社会经济和人口因素,并证明了这些因素在不同地区的不同影响。我们的分析结果表明,疫情对访问行为的影响因城市而异,尽管在某些类型的地方存在共性。我们的研究结果表明,与其他地方相比,低收入社区内的名胜古迹在访问时间上的变化较小。与其他社区相比,一个社区中年轻、黑人或西班牙裔人口比例的增加也导致就诊时间的减少较小。这些发现深入了解了导致来访行为变化的因素,以及社区对全球疫情的抵御能力。
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引用次数: 1
ClockBoard: a zoning system for urban analysis 时钟板:用于城市分析的分区系统
IF 1.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/vncgw
R. Lovelace, M. Tennekes, D. Carlino
Zones are the building blocks of urban analysis. Fields ranging from demographics to transport planning routinely use zones — spatially contiguous areal units that break-up continuous space into discrete chunks — as the foundation for diverse analysis techniques. Key methods such as origin-destination analysis and choropleth mapping rely on zones with appropriate sizes, shapes and coverage. However, existing zoning systems are sub-optimal in many urban analysis contexts, for three main reasons: 1) available administrative zoning systems are often based on somewhat arbitrary factors; 2) evidence-based zoning systems are often highly variable in size and shape, reducing their utility for inter-city comparison; and 3) official zoning systems are non-existent, not publicly available, or are too coarse, hindering urban analysis in many places, especially in low income nations. To tackle these three key issues we developed a flexible, open and scalable solution: the ClockBoard zoning system. ClockBoard consists of 12 segments divided by concentric rings of increasing distance, creating a consistent visual frame of reference for cities that is reminiscent of a clock and a dartboard. This paper outlines the design, potential uses and merits of the ClockBoard zoning system and discusses future avenues for research and development of new zoning systems based on the experience.
分区是城市分析的组成部分。从人口统计到交通规划,各个领域都经常使用区域——将连续空间分解为离散块的空间连续区域单元——作为各种分析技术的基础。始发地-目的地分析和choropleth映射等关键方法依赖于具有适当大小、形状和覆盖范围的区域。然而,在许多城市分析背景下,现有的分区系统是次优的,主要原因有三:1)现有的行政分区系统往往基于一些武断的因素;2) 基于证据的分区系统在规模和形状上往往高度可变,降低了其在城市间比较中的效用;3)官方分区系统不存在、不公开或过于粗糙,阻碍了许多地方的城市分析,尤其是在低收入国家。为了解决这三个关键问题,我们开发了一个灵活、开放和可扩展的解决方案:时钟板分区系统。ClockBoard由12个部分组成,由距离不断增加的同心环划分,为城市创造了一个一致的视觉参考框架,让人想起时钟和飞镖。本文概述了ClockBoard分区系统的设计、潜在用途和优点,并根据经验讨论了未来研究和开发新分区系统的途径。
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引用次数: 3
Surface network extraction from high resolution digital terrain models 基于高分辨率数字地形模型的地表网络提取
IF 1.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.5311/josis.2021.22.681
É. Guilbert
A surface network is a topological data structure formed by a set of thalwegs and ridges on a digital terrain model. Its computation relies on the detection of saddles on the terrain. Hence, computation methods must guarantee enough saddles are detected but also that no improper conflicts between ridges and thalwegs are created, leading to an inconsistent network. This paper presents a new approach that maximizes the number of saddles and ensures this topological consistency for high-resolution terrain models represented by a raster grid. The grid is triangulated in order to preserve saddles and to facilitate thalweg and ridge computation. It does not require any user parameter and lines remain aligned with triangulation edges, avoiding numerical errors. The method also includes a coherent partitioning of the terrain into hills and dales. A case study shows that the surface network computation can be achieved in reasonable time and hence can be applied to the analysis of large terrain models.
地表网络是由数字地形模型上的一组谷线和山脊形成的拓扑数据结构。其计算依赖于对地形上鞍座的检测。因此,计算方法必须确保检测到足够的鞍座,但也必须确保山脊和谷线之间不会产生不适当的冲突,从而导致网络不一致。本文提出了一种新的方法,该方法可以最大化鞍的数量,并确保由光栅网格表示的高分辨率地形模型的拓扑一致性。对网格进行三角测量,以保留鞍座并便于进行谷线和山脊计算。它不需要任何用户参数,直线与三角测量边保持对齐,避免了数值误差。该方法还包括将地形连贯地划分为山丘和山谷。实例研究表明,地表网络计算可以在合理的时间内实现,因此可以应用于大型地形模型的分析。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of Spatial Information Science
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