Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless最新文献

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Sense of community through supportive housing among formerly homeless individuals with serious mental illness 在患有严重精神疾病的以前无家可归的人中建立社区意识

IF 1.4 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless

Pub Date : 2017-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10530789.2017.1294973

Brad Forenza, D. Lardier

ABSTRACT Much research documents the correlation between homelessness and mental illness. Often, existing research focuses on deficits that live at the intersection of these phenomena. The present study utilizes a sense of community (SOC) framework to interrogate the ways in which formerly homeless individuals with serious mental illness perceive and experience community in supportive housing. Through focus groups with 18 consumers, this study contextualizes dimensions of SOC (membership, emotional connection, needs fulfillment, and influence) for the aforementioned population. Analysis of focus group data produced 16 themes and subthemes that support and extend our understanding of SOC for a population often conceptualized as isolated and alone. Implications for policy and practice emphasize: (1) the importance of supportive housing communities and the call for policymakers to increase funding for such programing; and, (2) that practitioners facilitate housing members’ voices to effectuate change in supportive housing and increase SOC.

许多研究记录了无家可归与精神疾病之间的相关性。通常，现有的研究集中在这些现象交叉点的赤字上。本研究利用社区感（SOC）框架来询问患有严重精神疾病的前无家可归者在支持性住房中感知和体验社区的方式。通过18名消费者的焦点小组，本研究将上述人群的SOC维度（会员资格、情感联系、需求满足和影响力）置于情境中。对焦点小组数据的分析产生了16个主题和子主题，支持和扩展了我们对SOC的理解，因为SOC通常被概念化为孤立和孤立的人群。对政策和实践的影响强调：（1）支持性住房社区的重要性，并呼吁决策者增加对此类计划的资助；以及，（2）从业者促进住房成员的声音，以实现支持性住房的变革并提高SOC。

引用次数: 15

Using WhatsApp for a homeless count 用WhatsApp统计无家可归者

IF 1.4 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless

Pub Date : 2017-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10530789.2017.1286793

F. Calvo, X. Carbonell

ABSTRACT The study analyses how the use of instant messaging (WhatsApp) alongside other ICT tools is adequate to complement the count of homeless people in an area. In particular, it describes the methodology used in order to organize the first official count of homeless people in Girona (Catalonia, Spain). Given that this is the first count of individuals experiencing homelessness in the city, it is difficult to say that it is an improvement, but it could be suggested that the app might make the future counts more efficient. Both professional and volunteers and homeless people used WhatsApp to send information. A total of 283 homeless people were detected. Results show that the usage of this application optimized the results of the count. 36.1% of the data were obtained online. Homeless people, who were reluctant to contact directly with the professional team, used WhatsApp to communicate with them, adding up to 19.4% of the data obtained. Results show how communication between homeless people and health and mental health services can be potentially improved with this type of application.

摘要本研究分析了即时通讯（WhatsApp）与其他信息和通信技术工具的使用如何足以补充一个地区无家可归者的数量。特别是，它描述了赫罗纳（西班牙加泰罗尼亚）首次官方统计无家可归者人数所使用的方法。鉴于这是该市首次对无家可归者进行统计，很难说这是一个改善，但可以认为该应用程序可能会提高未来的统计效率。专业人员、志愿者和无家可归者都使用WhatsApp发送信息。共发现283名无家可归者。结果表明，该应用程序的使用优化了计数结果。36.1%的数据是在线获得的。无家可归的人不愿直接与专业团队联系，他们使用WhatsApp与他们交流，总计获得了19.4%的数据。结果表明，通过这种类型的应用程序，无家可归者与健康和心理健康服务之间的沟通可能会得到改善。

引用次数: 6

Creating safe spaces: designing day shelters for people experiencing homelessness 创造安全空间：为无家可归者设计日间庇护所

IF 1.4 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless

Pub Date : 2017-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10530789.2016.1260879

James C. Petrovich, Erin Roark Murphy, Lauran Hardin, Brooke R. Koch

ABSTRACT Day shelter programs are an important resource for people experiencing homelessness, offering respite from inclement weather, social stigma, victimization, and access to essential services and resources. Creating functional day shelter spaces requires that staff, services, and facilities support the needs of this vulnerable and marginalized population. Little guidance, however, is available regarding the design of day shelter spaces that support service engagement and positive service outcomes. This systematic review was conducted to support the development of a new day shelter in Fort Worth, Texas, identifying and reviewing interdisciplinary resources relevant to the design of these facilities. Based on the review, a preliminary taxonomy emphasizing day shelter client safety, security, dignity and health and well-being is proposed. Additional discussion identifies practical considerations affecting the implementation of the taxonomy, design priorities, and how the taxonomy was applied to the design of the Fort Worth day shelter.

摘要日间庇护所计划是无家可归者的重要资源，为他们提供了摆脱恶劣天气、社会耻辱、受害以及获得基本服务和资源的机会。创建功能性日间庇护所需要工作人员、服务和设施来满足弱势和边缘化人群的需求。然而，关于支持服务参与和积极服务成果的日间庇护所空间的设计，几乎没有可用的指导。进行这项系统审查是为了支持在德克萨斯州沃斯堡开发一个新的日间庇护所，确定并审查与这些设施设计相关的跨学科资源。在此基础上，提出了一个初步的分类法，强调日间庇护所客户的安全、保障、尊严以及健康和福祉。额外的讨论确定了影响分类法实施的实际考虑因素、设计优先级，以及如何将分类法应用于沃斯堡日间庇护所的设计。

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引用次数: 12

“I’m not homeless, I’m houseless”: identifying as homeless and associations with service utilization among Los Angeles homeless young people “我不是无家可归，我是无家可归者”:洛杉矶无家可归的年轻人中无家可归者的身份及其与服务利用的联系

IF 1.4 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless

Pub Date : 2017-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10530789.2017.1280204

H. Winetrobe, H. Rhoades, E. Rice, N. Milburn, R. Petering

ABSTRACT Little is known about homeless young people’s identification of being homeless and how that identity may or may not be associated with service utilization. This study of 444 homeless young people attending Los Angeles area drop-in centers explores the associations of demographic characteristics, homelessness characteristics, negative lifetime experiences, mental health symptoms, technology use, and past month service utilization with identifying as homeless. Fifty-two percent of the sample identified as being homeless. Being Black, a current traveler, and history of injection drug use were all significantly associated with a decreased likelihood in identifying as homeless. However, having fair/poor health, accessing shelter services, and reporting one’s own substance use as a reason for homelessness were all significantly associated with identifying as homeless. There are important service implications for reaching young people who are in need of services but may not identify with the target population label of homeless.

关于无家可归的年轻人对无家可归的认同，以及这种认同与服务利用之间的关系，我们知之甚少。这项针对444名参加洛杉矶地区收容中心的无家可归年轻人的研究，探讨了人口统计学特征、无家可归特征、负面生活经历、心理健康症状、技术使用和过去一个月的服务利用率与认定为无家可归者的关系。52%的样本被认定为无家可归。身为黑人、目前的旅行者和注射吸毒史都与无家可归的可能性降低显著相关。然而，健康状况尚可/较差、获得收容所服务以及报告自己的药物使用情况是无家可归的原因，这些都与认定为无家可归者有很大关系。对于那些需要服务但可能不认同无家可归目标人群标签的年轻人来说，这对服务有重要影响。

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引用次数: 12

Barriers to Healthcare for American Indians Experiencing Homelessness. 无家可归的美国印第安人获得医疗保健的障碍。

IF 1.4 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless

Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-01-22 DOI: 10.1080/10530789.2016.1265211

Stephanie M Wille, Katherine A Kemp, Brenna L Greenfield, Melissa L Walls

Members of American Indian (AI) communities face many barriers to receiving both mental and physical healthcare. These barriers can have a negative effect on overall health. Barriers are compounded for AIs who are also experiencing homelessness, and AI make up a disproportionate percentage of the homeless population nationwide. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 service providers and 16 homeless participants in a mid-size Midwestern city to identify barriers to care for homeless participants. Key barriers identified in this study for homeless participants were: transportation, phone accessibility, discrimination, and cold and bureaucratic cultures of healthcare systems. Major barriers identified by service providers were: access to care, discrimination and mistrust, and restrictive policies. Given generally higher disease prevalence within the homeless population and health disparities within the AI community, steps should be taken to reduce barriers to healthcare.

美国印第安人(AI)社区的成员在接受精神和身体保健方面面临许多障碍。这些障碍会对整体健康产生负面影响。对于同样无家可归的人工智能来说，障碍更加复杂，人工智能在全国无家可归人口中所占比例不成比例。在中西部一个中型城市对12名服务提供者和16名无家可归者进行了深入的半结构化访谈，以确定照顾无家可归者的障碍。本研究确定的无家可归参与者的主要障碍是:交通、电话可及性、歧视以及医疗系统的冷漠和官僚文化。服务提供者确定的主要障碍是:获得护理、歧视和不信任以及限制性政策。鉴于无家可归人口中普遍较高的患病率和人工智能社区内的健康差距，应采取步骤减少获得保健的障碍。

引用次数: 15

No Digital Divide? Technology Use among Homeless Adults. 没有数字鸿沟?无家可归的成年人使用科技产品。

IF 1.4 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless

Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-03-22 DOI: 10.1080/10530789.2017.1305140

Harmony Rhoades, Suzanne Wenzel, Eric Rice, Hailey Winetrobe, Benjamin Henwood

Homeless adults experience increased risk of negative health outcomes, and technology-based interventions may provide an opportunity for improving health in this population. However, little is known about homeless adults' technology access and use. Utilizing data from a study of 421 homeless adults moving into PSH, this paper presents descriptive technology findings, and compares results to age-matched general population data. The vast majority (94%) currently owned a cell phone, although there was considerable past 3-month turnover in phones (56%) and phone numbers (55%). More than half currently owned a smartphone, and 86% of those used Android operating systems. Most (85%) used a cell phone daily, 76% used text messaging, and 51% accessed the Internet on their cell phone. One-third reported no past 3-month Internet use. These findings suggest that digital technology may be a feasible means of disseminating health and wellness programs to this at-risk population, though important caveats are discussed.

无家可归的成年人经历负面健康结果的风险增加，基于技术的干预措施可能为改善这一人群的健康提供机会。然而，人们对无家可归的成年人获取和使用科技产品的情况知之甚少。利用一项对421名搬进PSH的无家可归成年人的研究数据，本文提出了描述性技术发现，并将结果与年龄匹配的一般人口数据进行了比较。绝大多数人(94%)目前拥有一部手机，尽管在过去3个月内，手机(56%)和电话号码(55%)的交易量相当大。超过一半的人目前拥有智能手机，其中86%的人使用安卓操作系统。大多数人(85%)每天使用手机，76%的人使用短信，51%的人用手机上网。三分之一的人报告过去3个月没有使用过互联网。这些发现表明，数字技术可能是向这些高危人群传播健康和保健计划的可行手段，尽管讨论了重要的注意事项。

引用次数: 92

Life Goals and Gender Differences among Chronically Homeless Individuals Entering Permanent Supportive Housing. 长期无家可归者进入永久性支持性住房的生活目标与性别差异。

IF 1.4 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless

Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-01-24 DOI: 10.1080/10530789.2016.1274570

Melissa Bird, Harmony Rhoades, John Lahey, Julie Cederbaum, Suzanne Wenzel

This research seeks to understand goals and the gender differences in goals among men and women who are transitioning into permanent supportive housing. Because of systemic gender inequality, men and women experience homelessness differently. Data collected for this study come from a longitudinal investigation of HIV risk behavior and social networks among women and men transitioning from homelessness to permanent supportive housing. As part of this study, 421 baseline interviews were conducted in English with homeless adults scheduled to move into permanent supportive housing; participants were recruited between September 2014 and October 2015. This paper uses goals data from the 418 male-or female-identified respondents in this study. Results identified goal differences in education and general health between men and women that should be taken into account when service providers, policy makers, and advocates are addressing the needs of homeless women.

本研究旨在了解目标和目标的性别差异的男性和女性谁正在过渡到永久的支持性住房。由于系统性的性别不平等，男性和女性无家可归的经历是不同的。本研究收集的数据来自对从无家可归者过渡到永久性支持性住房的女性和男性的艾滋病毒风险行为和社会网络的纵向调查。作为这项研究的一部分，421名无家可归的成年人用英语进行了基线访谈，他们计划搬进永久性的支持性住房;参与者在2014年9月至2015年10月期间被招募。本文使用了418名男性或女性受访者的目标数据。结果确定了男女之间在教育和一般健康方面的目标差异，服务提供者、决策者和倡导者在解决无家可归妇女的需求时应考虑到这些差异。

引用次数: 16

Can we prevent deaths of homeless persons? Police led public health approach to prevent homeless deaths 我们能防止无家可归者死亡吗?警方采取公共卫生措施防止无家可归者死亡

IF 1.4 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless

Pub Date : 2016-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/10530789.2016.1240950

N. Hipple, S. Shaefer, Robert F. Hipple, A. Ballew

Abstract Research on homeless populations demonstrates that homelessness in itself is an independent risk factor for death. However, there is a dearth of detailed data on homeless decedents and the situations surrounding their deaths. This lack of knowledge, a desire to understand how and why homeless individuals were dying, and a sentinel event death led the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department Homelessness and Panhandling Unit to partner with a local researcher and begin conducting homeless death reviews. The approach is modeled after the evidence-based, public health approach of the Fetal and Infant Mortality Review process (FIMR). The FIMR model is a systematic approach to understanding system gaps and obtaining insights into the factors that resulted in homelessness and ultimately death. This article reports on the process to develop this unique multi-agency, police-led review of homeless deaths in Indianapolis, Indiana and resulting recommendations for action to decrease these deaths.

对无家可归人群的研究表明，无家可归本身就是一个独立的死亡风险因素。然而，关于无家可归的死者及其死亡情况的详细数据缺乏。由于缺乏知识，渴望了解无家可归者死亡的方式和原因，以及哨兵事件死亡，印第安纳波利斯大都会警察局无家可归和乞讨部门与当地研究人员合作，开始进行无家可归者死亡审查。该方法是模仿胎儿和婴儿死亡率审查过程(FIMR)的循证公共卫生方法。FIMR模型是一种系统的方法，用于理解系统差距，并深入了解导致无家可归和最终死亡的因素。本文报告了在印第安纳州印第安纳波利斯开展这一独特的多机构、警察主导的无家可归者死亡审查的过程，并提出了减少这些死亡的行动建议。

引用次数: 6

Homelessness and other social determinants of health among emergency department patients 无家可归和急诊病人健康的其他社会决定因素

IF 1.4 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless

Pub Date : 2016-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/10530789.2016.1237699

K. Doran, N. Kunzler, T. Mijanovich, Samantha Lang, Ada L. Rubin, P. Testa, D. Shelley

Abstract Emergency departments (EDs) are often called the ‘safety net’ of the U.S. health care system. Little is known, however, about the social determinants of health (SDOH) – including rates and types of homelessness – of ED patients. This study sought to quantify the presence of housing instability, homelessness, and other selected SDOH in ED patients. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 625 patients presenting to an urban ED. 13.8% of patients were currently living in a homeless shelter or on the streets. Further, 25.4% of patients reported concern about becoming homeless in the next 2 months and 9.1% had been evicted in the past year. 42.0% of patients reported difficulty meeting essential expenses and 35.9% were worried about running out of food. In conclusion, we found high rates of homelessness and other social needs in ED patients. Addressing patients’ SDOH will become increasingly important under new healthcare payment models.

急诊科(EDs)通常被称为美国医疗保健系统的“安全网”。然而，关于ED患者健康的社会决定因素(SDOH)——包括无家可归的比率和类型——所知甚少。本研究旨在量化ED患者中住房不稳定、无家可归和其他选择性SDOH的存在。我们对625名到城市急诊科就诊的患者随机抽样进行了横断面调查。其中13.8%的患者目前住在无家可归者收容所或街头。此外，25.4%的患者表示担心在未来2个月内无家可归，9.1%的患者在过去一年中被驱逐。42.0%的患者报告难以支付基本费用，35.9%的患者担心食物耗尽。总之，我们发现急诊科患者无家可归和有其他社会需求的比例很高。在新的医疗支付模式下，解决患者的SDOH问题将变得越来越重要。

引用次数: 36

Homelessness, housing instability, intimate partner violence, mental health, and functioning: A multi-year cohort study of IPV survivors and their children 无家可归、住房不稳定、亲密伴侣暴力、心理健康和功能:一项对IPV幸存者及其子女的多年队列研究

IF 1.4 Q3 SOCIAL WORK

Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless

Pub Date : 2016-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/10530789.2016.1245258

Heidi Gilroy, J. Mcfarlane, John Maddoux, Cris M. Sullivan

Abstract Homelessness and housing instability frequently accompany intimate partner violence and can negatively impact health and functioning. When children are exposed to homelessness or housing instability their ability to develop and function is compromised. The purpose of this study is to examine the differential impact of homelessness and unstable housing on health and functioning of women and their children over a 2-year period. Two hundred and seventy-seven mothers reporting intimate partner violence (stalking, physical, or sexual violence by an intimate partner) were asked about housing stability, abuse, risk for murder, mental health, employment/wages, and their child's functioning over a 2-year period. Outcomes of mothers reporting homelessness and unstable housing were compared to mothers reporting stable housing. Over one-third (36%) of the mothers reported at least one episode of unstable housing over the 2-year period and 11% reported homelessness. Measures of maternal mental health and child functioning were worse for both unstably housed and homeless women, compared to stably housed women, with a higher risk for sexual abuse and risk for murder for homeless women. New models of rapid rehousing are needed that address not only the housing problems of women who have experienced intimate partner violence but also the mental health and safety issues that the women and their children face.

无家可归和住房不稳定往往伴随着亲密伴侣暴力，并可能对健康和功能产生负面影响。当儿童面临无家可归或住房不稳定时，他们的发展和功能就会受到损害。这项研究的目的是审查无家可归和不稳定住房在两年期间对妇女及其子女的健康和功能的不同影响。277名报告亲密伴侣暴力行为(亲密伴侣的跟踪、身体暴力或性暴力)的母亲被问及住房稳定性、虐待、谋杀风险、精神健康、就业/工资以及2年期间孩子的功能。报告无家可归和不稳定住房的母亲与报告稳定住房的母亲的结果进行了比较。超过三分之一(36%)的母亲报告在两年期间至少有一次住房不稳定的情况，11%的母亲报告无家可归。与住房稳定的妇女相比，住房不稳定和无家可归的妇女的孕产妇心理健康和儿童功能指标更差，无家可归的妇女遭受性虐待和被谋杀的风险更高。需要新的快速重新安置模式，不仅要解决遭受亲密伴侣暴力的妇女的住房问题，还要解决这些妇女及其子女面临的心理健康和安全问题。

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