Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1215/00182168-8646921
A. Torres
Este artículo analiza los litigios presentados en las cortes de la Audiencia de Quito entre fines del siglo XVIII e inicios del XIX que se acogieron a la Pragmática Sanción expedida en 1776, una legislación sobre el consentimiento de los padres para el matrimonio de los hijos e hijas menores de 25 años que buscaba impedir los matrimonios desiguales. Argumenta que las relaciones entre hombres y mujeres de la Real Audiencia de Quito durante el siglo XVIII fueron marcadamente desiguales, fruto de una estructura social jerárquica basada en diferencias relacionadas con el estatus, la clase, la raza y el género. Sin embargo, esta estructura social jerarquizada fue también porosa y cambiante. Los criterios de desigualdad no fueron definidos por la Corona y esta indefinición permitió que el disenso de los padres apelara a categorías que incluyeron la clase, la raza, la calidad y el estatus, las cuales se construían en la vida cotidiana, en la práctica diaria. De esta manera, se demuestra que la identidad de las personas se definió a lo largo de las querellas. Los hombres y mujeres desafiaron las formas aceptables de construir las relaciones de pareja. Desafiaron, por lo tanto, el intento de la Corona por limitar su capacidad de elección y, al hacerlo, dieron cuenta de cómo se construía la autoridad imperial en el Quito del siglo XVIII: en el aquí y en el ahora.
{"title":"La Real Pragmática en la Real Audiencia de Quito: Raza, clase y género hacia fines de la Colonia","authors":"A. Torres","doi":"10.1215/00182168-8646921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-8646921","url":null,"abstract":"Este artículo analiza los litigios presentados en las cortes de la Audiencia de Quito entre fines del siglo XVIII e inicios del XIX que se acogieron a la Pragmática Sanción expedida en 1776, una legislación sobre el consentimiento de los padres para el matrimonio de los hijos e hijas menores de 25 años que buscaba impedir los matrimonios desiguales. Argumenta que las relaciones entre hombres y mujeres de la Real Audiencia de Quito durante el siglo XVIII fueron marcadamente desiguales, fruto de una estructura social jerárquica basada en diferencias relacionadas con el estatus, la clase, la raza y el género. Sin embargo, esta estructura social jerarquizada fue también porosa y cambiante. Los criterios de desigualdad no fueron definidos por la Corona y esta indefinición permitió que el disenso de los padres apelara a categorías que incluyeron la clase, la raza, la calidad y el estatus, las cuales se construían en la vida cotidiana, en la práctica diaria. De esta manera, se demuestra que la identidad de las personas se definió a lo largo de las querellas. Los hombres y mujeres desafiaron las formas aceptables de construir las relaciones de pareja. Desafiaron, por lo tanto, el intento de la Corona por limitar su capacidad de elección y, al hacerlo, dieron cuenta de cómo se construía la autoridad imperial en el Quito del siglo XVIII: en el aquí y en el ahora.","PeriodicalId":45400,"journal":{"name":"Americas","volume":"136 1","pages":"595-621"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73141712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1215/00182168-8647318
M. Samper
{"title":"Costa Rica después del café: La era cooperativa en la historia y la memoria","authors":"M. Samper","doi":"10.1215/00182168-8647318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-8647318","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45400,"journal":{"name":"Americas","volume":"49 1","pages":"744-746"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81829205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1215/00182168-8647197
Anadelia A. Romo
{"title":"Bahia's Independence: Popular Politics and Patriotic Festival in Salvador, Brazil, 1824–1900","authors":"Anadelia A. Romo","doi":"10.1215/00182168-8647197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-8647197","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45400,"journal":{"name":"Americas","volume":"122 1","pages":"726-728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78170954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1215/00182168-8647373
R. Gallo
{"title":"México beyond 1968: Revolutionaries, Radicals, and Repression during the Global Sixties and Subversive Seventies","authors":"R. Gallo","doi":"10.1215/00182168-8647373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-8647373","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45400,"journal":{"name":"Americas","volume":"54 1","pages":"753-754"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90762063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This book is part of a tradition of scholarship that views understanding citizenship as necessary for understanding the nature of democracy. Although based on fieldwork conducted more than 15 years ago, the book sheds considerable light on the state of Brazilian democracy today. Situated in the heyday of Porto Alegre’s international reputation as “a vibrant center of leftist political experimentation and civic participation” (1), the euphoria of Lula’s electoral victory, and the idealism of the World Social Forum, the book offers a nuanced multilevel perspective and careful analysis, identifying the underlying tensions and contradictions that would gradually undermine an ambitious political project and foreshadowing the threats they would subsequently pose for Brazilian democracy. In doing so, Junge’s book makes important contributions to literatures on citizenship and democracy—participatory democracy in particular—challenging much of the conventional wisdom of this field of scholarship through the sobering perspectives of ordinary citizens.
{"title":"Brazil - Cynical Citizenship: Gender, Regionalism, and Political Subjectivity in Porto Alegre, Brazil. By Benjamin Junge. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2018. Pp. 286. $65.00 cloth.","authors":"Y. González","doi":"10.1017/tam.2020.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/tam.2020.87","url":null,"abstract":"This book is part of a tradition of scholarship that views understanding citizenship as necessary for understanding the nature of democracy. Although based on fieldwork conducted more than 15 years ago, the book sheds considerable light on the state of Brazilian democracy today. Situated in the heyday of Porto Alegre’s international reputation as “a vibrant center of leftist political experimentation and civic participation” (1), the euphoria of Lula’s electoral victory, and the idealism of the World Social Forum, the book offers a nuanced multilevel perspective and careful analysis, identifying the underlying tensions and contradictions that would gradually undermine an ambitious political project and foreshadowing the threats they would subsequently pose for Brazilian democracy. In doing so, Junge’s book makes important contributions to literatures on citizenship and democracy—participatory democracy in particular—challenging much of the conventional wisdom of this field of scholarship through the sobering perspectives of ordinary citizens.","PeriodicalId":45400,"journal":{"name":"Americas","volume":"40 1","pages":"656-657"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87210410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1215/00182168-8349851
C. Komisaruk
The census records of some Indian towns (pueblos de indios) in colonial Chiapas and Guatemala present a puzzle: remarkably uneven gender ratios. This article explores gendered migration as a possible explanation. Previous studies show that the labor markets of colonial Latin American cities attracted mainly female migrants, and this article hypothesizes that people were more likely to migrate if they could make the trip between dawn and dusk. I use Google Maps, as well as colonial writings, to estimate travel times between a sample of Indian pueblos and their closest colonial cities. I then analyze gender ratios in census records from those pueblos. The results suggest that Indian pueblos with large male majorities were generally within a day's walk of a colonial city. Presumably, the male majorities indicate high rates of female out-migration for work in the cities. The article's conclusion discusses impacts that gendered out-migration likely had on sending communities.
{"title":"All in a Day's Walk? The Gendered Geography of Native Migration in Colonial Chiapas and Guatemala","authors":"C. Komisaruk","doi":"10.1215/00182168-8349851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-8349851","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The census records of some Indian towns (pueblos de indios) in colonial Chiapas and Guatemala present a puzzle: remarkably uneven gender ratios. This article explores gendered migration as a possible explanation. Previous studies show that the labor markets of colonial Latin American cities attracted mainly female migrants, and this article hypothesizes that people were more likely to migrate if they could make the trip between dawn and dusk. I use Google Maps, as well as colonial writings, to estimate travel times between a sample of Indian pueblos and their closest colonial cities. I then analyze gender ratios in census records from those pueblos. The results suggest that Indian pueblos with large male majorities were generally within a day's walk of a colonial city. Presumably, the male majorities indicate high rates of female out-migration for work in the cities. The article's conclusion discusses impacts that gendered out-migration likely had on sending communities.","PeriodicalId":45400,"journal":{"name":"Americas","volume":"147 1","pages":"423-461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76799611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1215/00182168-8349972
J. Palka
{"title":"La Consentida: Settlement, Subsistence, and Social Organization in an Early Formative Mesoamerican Community","authors":"J. Palka","doi":"10.1215/00182168-8349972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-8349972","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45400,"journal":{"name":"Americas","volume":"15 1","pages":"546-548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85170993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1215/00182168-8350071
Beau D. J. Gaitors
{"title":"Taxing Blackness: Free Afromexican Tribute in Bourbon New Spain","authors":"Beau D. J. Gaitors","doi":"10.1215/00182168-8350071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-8350071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45400,"journal":{"name":"Americas","volume":"52 1","pages":"561-563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74164103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1215/00182168-8350093
R. Barragán
{"title":"Ciudadanos armados de ley: A propósito de la violencia en Bolivia, 1839–1875","authors":"R. Barragán","doi":"10.1215/00182168-8350093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-8350093","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45400,"journal":{"name":"Americas","volume":"55 1","pages":"565-566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77619135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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