Impalement injuries are relatively rare. The most common anatomical site of involvement is the extremities. Impalement injuries are defined as penetrating injuries where a traumatic agent remains impaled in the human body. Foreign body penetration of the hand and wrist is presented as emergency cases. Due to the rarity of such finial impalement injuries presenting to the emergency, the management of this clinical condition remains controversial. Here, we report two cases of impalement injuries of the hand and their successful management. The patients even though been injured by such an object had minimum injuries, the chances of which are quite low. Case 1: A 27-year-old female presented with a history of accidental slipping in the staircase and sustained penetrating injury over the right hand by iron fence finial 5 h before presentation. Case 2: A 42-year-old male presented with a history of slipping while trying to cross a fence. He sustained penetrating injury over his left hand by iron fence finial 7 h before presentation.
{"title":"Unusual injuries of the hand: Impalement injuries","authors":"S. Singh, Aakansh Jain, A. Singh","doi":"10.4103/atr.atr_115_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atr.atr_115_20","url":null,"abstract":"Impalement injuries are relatively rare. The most common anatomical site of involvement is the extremities. Impalement injuries are defined as penetrating injuries where a traumatic agent remains impaled in the human body. Foreign body penetration of the hand and wrist is presented as emergency cases. Due to the rarity of such finial impalement injuries presenting to the emergency, the management of this clinical condition remains controversial. Here, we report two cases of impalement injuries of the hand and their successful management. The patients even though been injured by such an object had minimum injuries, the chances of which are quite low. Case 1: A 27-year-old female presented with a history of accidental slipping in the staircase and sustained penetrating injury over the right hand by iron fence finial 5 h before presentation. Case 2: A 42-year-old male presented with a history of slipping while trying to cross a fence. He sustained penetrating injury over his left hand by iron fence finial 7 h before presentation.","PeriodicalId":45486,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Trauma Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45828672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Motlagh, Nazanin Zamani, M. Ghojazadeh, Hooman Nateghian, H. Hosseinifard, Fariba Pashazadeh, S. Yengejeh
Background and Objectives: More than 42,000 sports-related eye injuries are brought to emergency units every year. Although multiple studies have been conducted on the prevalence of sports-related eye injuries and consequent outcomes, no systematic review has been conducted to summarize the findings of these studies. Therefore, this study was conducted to systematically review the prevalence of sports-related eye injuries and blindness. Methods: A systematic search was conducted to locate the studies that addressed the global prevalence of sports-related eye injuries. The located articles (132 studies) were screened on different levels, and their quality was assessed using the JBI checklist for prevalence studies. The statistical analysis was conducted using CMA v. 3.2, and the results were considered significant for P < 0.05. Results: From a total of 132 studies, 27 articles were included for analyzing the prevalence of sports-related blindness which was 7.2%. Further, 51 studies were used for analyzing the prevalence of sports-related eye injuries in total eye injuries, and the obtained value was 9.3%. Moreover, 29 studies were analyzed to calculate the proportion of sports-related eye injuries to total sports injuries, and the obtained value was 6.7%. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that sport-related eye injuries account for a major part of eye injuries and a considerable portion of these traumas lead to blindness.
{"title":"Prevalence of sports-related eye injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"B. Motlagh, Nazanin Zamani, M. Ghojazadeh, Hooman Nateghian, H. Hosseinifard, Fariba Pashazadeh, S. Yengejeh","doi":"10.4103/atr.atr_118_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atr.atr_118_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: More than 42,000 sports-related eye injuries are brought to emergency units every year. Although multiple studies have been conducted on the prevalence of sports-related eye injuries and consequent outcomes, no systematic review has been conducted to summarize the findings of these studies. Therefore, this study was conducted to systematically review the prevalence of sports-related eye injuries and blindness. Methods: A systematic search was conducted to locate the studies that addressed the global prevalence of sports-related eye injuries. The located articles (132 studies) were screened on different levels, and their quality was assessed using the JBI checklist for prevalence studies. The statistical analysis was conducted using CMA v. 3.2, and the results were considered significant for P < 0.05. Results: From a total of 132 studies, 27 articles were included for analyzing the prevalence of sports-related blindness which was 7.2%. Further, 51 studies were used for analyzing the prevalence of sports-related eye injuries in total eye injuries, and the obtained value was 9.3%. Moreover, 29 studies were analyzed to calculate the proportion of sports-related eye injuries to total sports injuries, and the obtained value was 6.7%. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that sport-related eye injuries account for a major part of eye injuries and a considerable portion of these traumas lead to blindness.","PeriodicalId":45486,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Trauma Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42464605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Rezapur-Shahkolai, F. Malekpour, Leili Tapak, B. Moeini, H. Sadeghi-Bazargani
Background and Objectives: The lack of seat belt use is considered as one of the most common behavioral factors encountering the life of a driver or an occupant to traffic injury risk. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between seat belt-wearing behavior among school students and their demographic characteristics and family members' behaviors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 942 students (497 girls and 445 boys) were included and randomly selected from junior high schools in Tabriz, Iran. A questionnaire on the seat belt-wearing behavior of students and their parents was used to collect data, followed by applying a generalized estimating equation approach to identify the correlation of pupils' traffic behaviors to account for intra-cluster correlation. Results: The results revealed that seat belt-wearing behaviors among male students were significantly more frequent compared to female students (P < 0.0001). The mother's occupation, the father's age, and the student's educational level had a significant impact on seat belt wearing among the students (P < 0.01). In addition, student's adherence to traffic rules was correlated with their seat belt-wearing behavior. Finally, the seat belt-wearing behavior of parents and siblings had a significant positive effect on students' behaviors (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Male students further demonstrated risky behaviors compared to their female peers, and family has an important role in improving the seat belt-wearing behavior of their children. Therefore, involving adolescents' families including their parents and sibling can be important and helpful in developing preventive programs for promoting the use of seat belts among adolescents.
{"title":"Seat belt use behavior among teen students: The role of their demographic characteristics and family members' behaviors","authors":"F. Rezapur-Shahkolai, F. Malekpour, Leili Tapak, B. Moeini, H. Sadeghi-Bazargani","doi":"10.4103/atr.atr_61_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atr.atr_61_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: The lack of seat belt use is considered as one of the most common behavioral factors encountering the life of a driver or an occupant to traffic injury risk. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between seat belt-wearing behavior among school students and their demographic characteristics and family members' behaviors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 942 students (497 girls and 445 boys) were included and randomly selected from junior high schools in Tabriz, Iran. A questionnaire on the seat belt-wearing behavior of students and their parents was used to collect data, followed by applying a generalized estimating equation approach to identify the correlation of pupils' traffic behaviors to account for intra-cluster correlation. Results: The results revealed that seat belt-wearing behaviors among male students were significantly more frequent compared to female students (P < 0.0001). The mother's occupation, the father's age, and the student's educational level had a significant impact on seat belt wearing among the students (P < 0.01). In addition, student's adherence to traffic rules was correlated with their seat belt-wearing behavior. Finally, the seat belt-wearing behavior of parents and siblings had a significant positive effect on students' behaviors (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Male students further demonstrated risky behaviors compared to their female peers, and family has an important role in improving the seat belt-wearing behavior of their children. Therefore, involving adolescents' families including their parents and sibling can be important and helpful in developing preventive programs for promoting the use of seat belts among adolescents.","PeriodicalId":45486,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Trauma Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47305556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bashirian, S. Khazaei, M. Afshari, E. Jenabi, H. Shokoohi, Zahra Zobdeh, Mehran Biglari, Behzad Gholamaliee
Background and Objectives: Fall is one of the main reasons for serious injuries in workplaces. Protective measures are not frequently used by farmers and farm workers. In Iran, there are no adequate data in recognizing the various effective factors of falls from height in the agricultural sector. Thus, we used the PRECEDE model to recognize causes and factors which can affect the acceptance of the protective measures for the prevention of fall from the walnut tree. Materials and Methods: From July until November 2018, a cross-sectional research was conducted in Tuyserkan County in the west of Iran among 222 farm workers and farmers from 12 villages. A questionnaire was developed to measure demographic features, history of injuries, and constructs recommended in the PRECEDE model. Data were gathered by face-to-face interviews. Results: Predisposing factors (β =0.348, t = 5.116), enabling factors (β =0.131, t = 3.672), and reinforcing factors (β =0.164, t = 2.128) had a positive impact on protective measures, with an explained variance of 35.3%. In this study, the goodness-of-fit value was obtained as 0.455, indicating an excellent overall fit of the model to the data. Conclusions: The results of this research recognized the causes of protective measures among farmers and farm workers. Our findings suggest that the PRECEDE model could help as a guide for developing a more effective intervention for the prevention of fall from the walnut tree.
{"title":"Factors affecting the use of protective measures of farmers to prevent falling during the walnut collection period in Tuyserkan County","authors":"S. Bashirian, S. Khazaei, M. Afshari, E. Jenabi, H. Shokoohi, Zahra Zobdeh, Mehran Biglari, Behzad Gholamaliee","doi":"10.4103/atr.atr_117_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atr.atr_117_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Fall is one of the main reasons for serious injuries in workplaces. Protective measures are not frequently used by farmers and farm workers. In Iran, there are no adequate data in recognizing the various effective factors of falls from height in the agricultural sector. Thus, we used the PRECEDE model to recognize causes and factors which can affect the acceptance of the protective measures for the prevention of fall from the walnut tree. Materials and Methods: From July until November 2018, a cross-sectional research was conducted in Tuyserkan County in the west of Iran among 222 farm workers and farmers from 12 villages. A questionnaire was developed to measure demographic features, history of injuries, and constructs recommended in the PRECEDE model. Data were gathered by face-to-face interviews. Results: Predisposing factors (β =0.348, t = 5.116), enabling factors (β =0.131, t = 3.672), and reinforcing factors (β =0.164, t = 2.128) had a positive impact on protective measures, with an explained variance of 35.3%. In this study, the goodness-of-fit value was obtained as 0.455, indicating an excellent overall fit of the model to the data. Conclusions: The results of this research recognized the causes of protective measures among farmers and farm workers. Our findings suggest that the PRECEDE model could help as a guide for developing a more effective intervention for the prevention of fall from the walnut tree.","PeriodicalId":45486,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Trauma Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41376894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mousavi, E. Moradi, A. Yazdani, A. Taghipour, A. Ardani, S. Sadrzadeh
Background and Objectives: Accidents of motor vehicles are one of the largest causes of traumas, disabilities, and mortalities. Driving accident and crashes with more than 20000 deaths/year are the second cause of morality in the nation after cardiovascular diseases. Personality traits of a person may affect his/her dangerous driving behaviors and perception of health and risk. Materials and Methods: This case–control study was conducted on accident victims referred to Hasheminejad Hospital in Mashhad during 2017–2018 and conducted on two case and control groups. The researchers directly interviewed case group patients using a Temperament and Character Inventory-125 questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the participants was 32 in the case group and 34 in the control group. The most common vehicle was motorcycle in the case group and car in the control group, respectively. In “novelty seeking,” the mean scores were 3.3 ± 9.94 and 8.32 ± 3.57 in the case and control groups, respectively (P = 0.02). In “harm avoidance,” mean scores were 7.72 ± 2.65 and 8.68 ± 3.57 in the case and control groups, respectively (P = 0.02). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that accident rates reduced as age increased. It was also cleared that personality traits played a major role in the human factor of traffic accidents. Thus, preventive measures could be made and educational packages could be produced at the school level and younger ages aimed at changing some personality traits to some extent.
{"title":"The Relation between Human Traffic Accident and Personality Traits","authors":"S. Mousavi, E. Moradi, A. Yazdani, A. Taghipour, A. Ardani, S. Sadrzadeh","doi":"10.4103/atr.atr_36_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atr.atr_36_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Accidents of motor vehicles are one of the largest causes of traumas, disabilities, and mortalities. Driving accident and crashes with more than 20000 deaths/year are the second cause of morality in the nation after cardiovascular diseases. Personality traits of a person may affect his/her dangerous driving behaviors and perception of health and risk. Materials and Methods: This case–control study was conducted on accident victims referred to Hasheminejad Hospital in Mashhad during 2017–2018 and conducted on two case and control groups. The researchers directly interviewed case group patients using a Temperament and Character Inventory-125 questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the participants was 32 in the case group and 34 in the control group. The most common vehicle was motorcycle in the case group and car in the control group, respectively. In “novelty seeking,” the mean scores were 3.3 ± 9.94 and 8.32 ± 3.57 in the case and control groups, respectively (P = 0.02). In “harm avoidance,” mean scores were 7.72 ± 2.65 and 8.68 ± 3.57 in the case and control groups, respectively (P = 0.02). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that accident rates reduced as age increased. It was also cleared that personality traits played a major role in the human factor of traffic accidents. Thus, preventive measures could be made and educational packages could be produced at the school level and younger ages aimed at changing some personality traits to some extent.","PeriodicalId":45486,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Trauma Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43664694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mousavipour, Davoud Khorasani Zavareh, F. Nouri, A. Ebadi, M. Saremi, M. Jabbari, Z. Ghomian, R. Mohammadi
Background and Objectives: Patient's fall is one of the factors threatening a patient's health in hospitals and medical centers, which in some cases can lead to disability or death. Therefore, this study was conducted to systematically examine the factors affecting the reduction of patient falls in the hospital. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was conducted to identify the factors affecting the reduction of patient's fall in the hospitals based on the Prisma protocol. On this basis, all English-language articles published in this field from 1990 to the end of September 2019 were extracted during a search in four international databases and publishers including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Articles were searched and screened by three researchers independently and finally, the extracted articles were analyzed and classified through thematic content analysis. Results: According to the Prisma protocol, 6227 studies were extracted, of which 32 studies were finally included in the study process. Then, the thematic analysis of the studies showed that factors such as education, exercise, attention to physiological factors and treatment of the disease, environmental safety, use of fall detection device, and patient risk assessment were effective in reducing falls. Conclusions: The findings show that existing approaches to reduce falls have a favorable role. It is necessary to use several methods of fall prevention at the same time, in order to control most aspects and factors affecting the fall and reduce the rate of fall.
背景和目的：在医院和医疗中心，患者跌倒是威胁患者健康的因素之一，在某些情况下可能导致残疾或死亡。因此，本研究旨在系统地研究影响减少住院患者跌倒的因素。材料和方法：根据Prisma方案，进行系统回顾，以确定影响医院减少患者跌倒的因素。在此基础上，在包括Web of Science、PubMed、Scopus、Science Direct和Google Scholar在内的四个国际数据库和出版商中搜索，提取了1990年至2019年9月底在该领域发表的所有英文文章。文章由三位研究者独立搜索和筛选，最后通过主题内容分析对提取的文章进行分析和分类。结果：根据Prisma方案，共提取6227项研究，其中32项研究最终纳入研究过程。然后，对研究的主题分析表明，教育、锻炼、对生理因素的关注和疾病的治疗、环境安全、跌倒检测设备的使用以及患者风险评估等因素对减少跌倒是有效的。结论：研究结果表明，现有的减少跌倒的方法具有有利的作用。有必要同时使用几种预防跌倒的方法，以控制影响跌倒的大多数方面和因素，降低跌倒率。
{"title":"Exploring effective factors in reducing the fall of hospitalized patients: A systematic review","authors":"S. Mousavipour, Davoud Khorasani Zavareh, F. Nouri, A. Ebadi, M. Saremi, M. Jabbari, Z. Ghomian, R. Mohammadi","doi":"10.4103/atr.atr_112_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atr.atr_112_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Patient's fall is one of the factors threatening a patient's health in hospitals and medical centers, which in some cases can lead to disability or death. Therefore, this study was conducted to systematically examine the factors affecting the reduction of patient falls in the hospital. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was conducted to identify the factors affecting the reduction of patient's fall in the hospitals based on the Prisma protocol. On this basis, all English-language articles published in this field from 1990 to the end of September 2019 were extracted during a search in four international databases and publishers including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Articles were searched and screened by three researchers independently and finally, the extracted articles were analyzed and classified through thematic content analysis. Results: According to the Prisma protocol, 6227 studies were extracted, of which 32 studies were finally included in the study process. Then, the thematic analysis of the studies showed that factors such as education, exercise, attention to physiological factors and treatment of the disease, environmental safety, use of fall detection device, and patient risk assessment were effective in reducing falls. Conclusions: The findings show that existing approaches to reduce falls have a favorable role. It is necessary to use several methods of fall prevention at the same time, in order to control most aspects and factors affecting the fall and reduce the rate of fall.","PeriodicalId":45486,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Trauma Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44543062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Ayari, Omar Fendri, Anis Bouaziz, Chabchoub Amine, M. Kacem, A. Khalil
Volar dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint (DRUJ) is a rare occurrence in the literature, with only a few cases reported. Dorsal dislocation is more common than a volar dislocation. It can be easily missed due to the lack of a specific clinical presentation. They can be treated by closed reduction or more commonly by open reduction internal fixation. We present a case of volar dislocation of the DRUJ with an ulnar head fracture reduced by closed reduction. We report the case of a right-handed 35-year-old patient with no medical history who presented to our emergency department after sustaining a fall on his left hand. The trauma dated of 1 day and X-ray was initially judged normal in the emergency department. Due to the persistence of the pain and the functional impotence, the patient presented again to our department. The investigation showed that the patient's hand was in a supine position when the fall occurred. On physical examination, the forearm was locked in supination, with no passive or active pronation elicited. There was a loss of the dorsal ulnar prominence with a palpable deformity on the volar aspect of the wrist. There was no skin lesion and the neurovascular status of the hand was normal. Initial radiographs were made. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the forearm and wrist showed a volar dislocation of the DRUJ with an associated ulnar head fracture. A closed reduction attempt in the emergency department was unsuccessful. The patient was admitted and under general anesthesia, the dislocation was reduced by pronating the forearm and applying direct pressure over the distal ulna. The wrist was tested after the reduction and the DRUJ was stable. Above-elbow cast was applied in a pronation position for a period of 5 weeks. Upon cast removal, the result was excellent. The patient regained full range of motion of the wrist and elbow, there was no instability nor pain or tenderness. Grip force was conserved. A radiographic assessment confirmed the reduction. Volar locked dislocation of DRUJ is a rare injury. A high index of clinical suspicion and proper X-ray is required for prompt detection. Computed tomography scanning can be useful if the diagnosis is not certain. If the reduction of the joint is stable, there is no need for fixation. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are the keys for a good outcome.
{"title":"Closed reduction of volar distal radio-ulnar joint dislocation","authors":"R. Ayari, Omar Fendri, Anis Bouaziz, Chabchoub Amine, M. Kacem, A. Khalil","doi":"10.4103/atr.atr_94_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atr.atr_94_20","url":null,"abstract":"Volar dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint (DRUJ) is a rare occurrence in the literature, with only a few cases reported. Dorsal dislocation is more common than a volar dislocation. It can be easily missed due to the lack of a specific clinical presentation. They can be treated by closed reduction or more commonly by open reduction internal fixation. We present a case of volar dislocation of the DRUJ with an ulnar head fracture reduced by closed reduction. We report the case of a right-handed 35-year-old patient with no medical history who presented to our emergency department after sustaining a fall on his left hand. The trauma dated of 1 day and X-ray was initially judged normal in the emergency department. Due to the persistence of the pain and the functional impotence, the patient presented again to our department. The investigation showed that the patient's hand was in a supine position when the fall occurred. On physical examination, the forearm was locked in supination, with no passive or active pronation elicited. There was a loss of the dorsal ulnar prominence with a palpable deformity on the volar aspect of the wrist. There was no skin lesion and the neurovascular status of the hand was normal. Initial radiographs were made. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the forearm and wrist showed a volar dislocation of the DRUJ with an associated ulnar head fracture. A closed reduction attempt in the emergency department was unsuccessful. The patient was admitted and under general anesthesia, the dislocation was reduced by pronating the forearm and applying direct pressure over the distal ulna. The wrist was tested after the reduction and the DRUJ was stable. Above-elbow cast was applied in a pronation position for a period of 5 weeks. Upon cast removal, the result was excellent. The patient regained full range of motion of the wrist and elbow, there was no instability nor pain or tenderness. Grip force was conserved. A radiographic assessment confirmed the reduction. Volar locked dislocation of DRUJ is a rare injury. A high index of clinical suspicion and proper X-ray is required for prompt detection. Computed tomography scanning can be useful if the diagnosis is not certain. If the reduction of the joint is stable, there is no need for fixation. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are the keys for a good outcome.","PeriodicalId":45486,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Trauma Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47965586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Moradi, A. Kavousi, P. Ameri, Mohyeddin Amjadian, M. Vaziri
Background and Objectives: Motorcyclists are one of the most vulnerable groups compared to other road users. Motorcycle road safety can be assured by identifying risk factors, using safety equipment, and improving roads for traveling. This study sought to identify and prioritize the risk factors involved in motorcyclists' traffic accidents in Tehran. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, the fuzzy TOPSIS method was used to develop a systematic process to achieve an optimal model through the selected criteria. To find significant risk factors in the model, the interviewed experts first selected the target criteria from an available long list of functional criteria. Then, using the SMART method, the key criteria in motorcyclists' traffic accidents were determined, and they were ranked according to their weights and weighting ratios. Results: Fifty people, including 42 (84%) males and 8 (16%) females, participated in the study. The mean and standard deviation scores of participants' age were 44.18 and 7.03 years, respectively. Based on the fuzzy analysis, alcohol intake, cell phone use, breaching the speed limit, failure to use safety equipment, and driver's age, among other criteria, were ranked first to fifth. Conclusion: This study showed that the most important risk factors associated with motorcyclists' traffic accidents were the human ones. Given that various studies in Iran have shown that human factors are the leading causes of traffic accidents, policymakers and administrators need to take the necessary measures to manage and control them.
{"title":"Identifying and prioritizing risk factors involved in motorcyclists' traffic accidents in Tehran","authors":"A. Moradi, A. Kavousi, P. Ameri, Mohyeddin Amjadian, M. Vaziri","doi":"10.4103/atr.atr_14_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atr.atr_14_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Motorcyclists are one of the most vulnerable groups compared to other road users. Motorcycle road safety can be assured by identifying risk factors, using safety equipment, and improving roads for traveling. This study sought to identify and prioritize the risk factors involved in motorcyclists' traffic accidents in Tehran. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, the fuzzy TOPSIS method was used to develop a systematic process to achieve an optimal model through the selected criteria. To find significant risk factors in the model, the interviewed experts first selected the target criteria from an available long list of functional criteria. Then, using the SMART method, the key criteria in motorcyclists' traffic accidents were determined, and they were ranked according to their weights and weighting ratios. Results: Fifty people, including 42 (84%) males and 8 (16%) females, participated in the study. The mean and standard deviation scores of participants' age were 44.18 and 7.03 years, respectively. Based on the fuzzy analysis, alcohol intake, cell phone use, breaching the speed limit, failure to use safety equipment, and driver's age, among other criteria, were ranked first to fifth. Conclusion: This study showed that the most important risk factors associated with motorcyclists' traffic accidents were the human ones. Given that various studies in Iran have shown that human factors are the leading causes of traffic accidents, policymakers and administrators need to take the necessary measures to manage and control them.","PeriodicalId":45486,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Trauma Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44528989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Pourebrahim, Alireza Bafandeh-Zendeh, Mirbahador Yazdani
Background and Objectives: Distraction is one of the affective factors in the occurrence of traffic accidents, which, in its turn, is the second leading cause of death and the main cause of years of life lost due to premature death and disability in Iran. The aim of the present study was to investigate the distracting behaviors of male drivers in rear-end crashes. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on male drivers who had experienced a rear-end crash in Tabriz in 2018. In total, 395 samples (whose main reason for the crashes was inattention to the forward field of view) were selected through the information and files available at the traffic police, and after contacting the subjects, the required information was entered in the checklist. Nine distraction factors were classified and ranked into three age groups of young, middle-aged, and older drivers. Results: Findings showed that distractions caused by mobile phone use and passengers were ranked first to third in all three age groups and distracting factors such as eating or drinking while driving, alcohol consumption, and sleepiness were in the last ranks. In addition, older drivers were ranked first in not identifying the distraction factors, and in the middle-aged group, the distraction caused by billboards was the leading cause of crashes. Conclusions: Adopting appropriate policies, such as law enforcement and cultural interventions to prevent driver distractions, and to control the in-car conversation, and cell phone use while driving can be considered as effective interventions to prevent rear-end crashes.
{"title":"Driver's age and rear-end crashes associated with distraction","authors":"K. Pourebrahim, Alireza Bafandeh-Zendeh, Mirbahador Yazdani","doi":"10.4103/atr.atr_42_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atr.atr_42_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Distraction is one of the affective factors in the occurrence of traffic accidents, which, in its turn, is the second leading cause of death and the main cause of years of life lost due to premature death and disability in Iran. The aim of the present study was to investigate the distracting behaviors of male drivers in rear-end crashes. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on male drivers who had experienced a rear-end crash in Tabriz in 2018. In total, 395 samples (whose main reason for the crashes was inattention to the forward field of view) were selected through the information and files available at the traffic police, and after contacting the subjects, the required information was entered in the checklist. Nine distraction factors were classified and ranked into three age groups of young, middle-aged, and older drivers. Results: Findings showed that distractions caused by mobile phone use and passengers were ranked first to third in all three age groups and distracting factors such as eating or drinking while driving, alcohol consumption, and sleepiness were in the last ranks. In addition, older drivers were ranked first in not identifying the distraction factors, and in the middle-aged group, the distraction caused by billboards was the leading cause of crashes. Conclusions: Adopting appropriate policies, such as law enforcement and cultural interventions to prevent driver distractions, and to control the in-car conversation, and cell phone use while driving can be considered as effective interventions to prevent rear-end crashes.","PeriodicalId":45486,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Trauma Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46175768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objectives: Various treatment methods have been used to manage tibia fracture, including conservative and surgical treatment. Various studies investigated the effects of functional brace on fracture of tibia. This review was aimed to summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of functional brace on tibia fracture. Methods: An electronic search was carried out through internationally published scholarly articles in EBSCO, Medline, PubMed, Embase, and ISI Web of Knowledge (from 1950 to 2020) with the following keywords: tibia fracture, healing, conservative treatment, functional orthosis, brace, and patellar tendon-bearing orthosis. The quality of the papers was assessed using the Down and Black tool. Results: On the basis of the keywords, 50 articles were found, of which 11 articles were selected in accordance with the selection criteria. Most of studies support the use of orthosis for tibial fracture. The scores of reporting, external validity, internal validity (bias), and internal validity (confounding) varied between 2–7, 1–2, 1–5, and 2–4, respectively. Conclusions: One of the most important treatment methods for tibia fracture is use of functional brace. Based on the results of the available literature, use of functional brace is a good approach for stable tibia fracture. Some parameters, such as the condition of surrounding muscles, initial shortening, angulations of tibia, and intact of fibula, play significant roles in this regard.
背景和目的：胫骨骨折的治疗方法多种多样，包括保守治疗和手术治疗。各种研究调查了功能性支架对胫骨骨折的影响。本综述旨在总结功能性支架治疗胫骨骨折的有效性证据。方法：通过EBSCO、Medline、PubMed、Embase和ISI Web of Knowledge（1950年至2020年）上发表的国际学术文章进行电子检索，关键词为：胫骨骨折、愈合、保守治疗、功能性矫形器、支架和髌腱承载矫形器。论文的质量使用Down and Black工具进行评估。结果：根据关键词，共发现50篇文章，其中11篇文章符合筛选标准。大多数研究支持使用矫形器治疗胫骨骨折。报告得分、外部有效性得分、内部有效性得分（偏差）得分和内部有效性（混杂）得分分别在2-7、1-2、1-5和2-4之间变化。结论：胫骨骨折最重要的治疗方法之一是使用功能性支架。根据现有文献的结果，使用功能性支架是治疗稳定胫骨骨折的良好方法。一些参数，如周围肌肉的状况、初始缩短、胫骨的角度和腓骨的完整性，在这方面起着重要作用。
{"title":"The effectiveness of functional brace in the treatment of tibia fracture: A review of literature","authors":"M. Karimi, M. Kamali","doi":"10.4103/atr.atr_74_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atr.atr_74_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Various treatment methods have been used to manage tibia fracture, including conservative and surgical treatment. Various studies investigated the effects of functional brace on fracture of tibia. This review was aimed to summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of functional brace on tibia fracture. Methods: An electronic search was carried out through internationally published scholarly articles in EBSCO, Medline, PubMed, Embase, and ISI Web of Knowledge (from 1950 to 2020) with the following keywords: tibia fracture, healing, conservative treatment, functional orthosis, brace, and patellar tendon-bearing orthosis. The quality of the papers was assessed using the Down and Black tool. Results: On the basis of the keywords, 50 articles were found, of which 11 articles were selected in accordance with the selection criteria. Most of studies support the use of orthosis for tibial fracture. The scores of reporting, external validity, internal validity (bias), and internal validity (confounding) varied between 2–7, 1–2, 1–5, and 2–4, respectively. Conclusions: One of the most important treatment methods for tibia fracture is use of functional brace. Based on the results of the available literature, use of functional brace is a good approach for stable tibia fracture. Some parameters, such as the condition of surrounding muscles, initial shortening, angulations of tibia, and intact of fibula, play significant roles in this regard.","PeriodicalId":45486,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Trauma Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45595741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：