Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.1177/00020397221080179
S. Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Rüdiger Seesemann, Christine Vogt–William
This paper is a response to Matthias Basedau's article published in issue 55/2020 of the present journal. At a time when African Studies scholarship is rising beyond the flogging of dead horses, certain strands in the field in Germany seem to ignore much of the valuable scholarship and intellectual contributions by excellent African and non-African researchers alike. It is striking to see how Basedau falls prey to the same shortcomings that he draws our attention to, that is, the domination of African Studies by sources and figures outside the continent and the construction of Africa as a space of lack. This underscores the urgency of decolonizing African Studies at many levels, including liberating it from the straightjacket of area studies, interrogating purportedly objective scholarship, and opening it up to new theoretical perspectives. The restriction to comparative approaches will only ensure that these strands in African Studies remain stuck in their epistemological cul-de-sac.
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Pub Date : 2021-12-08DOI: 10.1177/00020397211060057
Georgi Asatryan, Jack V. Kalpakian
The disciplines of politics and history tend to be Eurocentric. Even at the best universities, World or Global history tends to be limited to the study of certain societies. Large, sophisiticated and in some cases transcontinental historical empires are ignored by the social sciences. The tools used to study the few non-Western cases (China, Japan or Iran) are also artificats of Western civilization. Outside the small and specialized discipline of African Studies, nearly no attempt is made to understand these societies on their own terms, let alone appreciate and grapple with their achievements and practices. This is especially the case with Africa. Michael Gomez’ African Dominion: A New History of Empire in Early and Medieval West Africa is a book in the classical tradition of African studies as exemplified by Patrick Chabal, Stephen Ellis, John Fage, and Ann Hugon among others. In addition to oral histories, the book is built upon previously unpublished and unexplored archival data. Organized in 4 parts and 14 chapters, it uses a classical historical methodology. A sense of irony pervades the work, because of how the onset of civilization has been depicted previously. Inspired by his mentor, John C. Wood, a professor of Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Chicago, the author learned Arabic to be able to read the manuscripts from the Islamic era onward in Western Africa. The book takes a close look at the cycle of West African empires, focusing especially onMali and Songhay using the chronicles of medieval West Africa, Ta’rı̄kh as-Sūdān and Ta’rı̄kh al-Fattāsh. These works focus on the rise and fall of imperial Songhay (20). Gomez argues that West Africa has had a significant impact on world history and must not be ignored. Critiquing World History, he argues that while the study of civilization often starts with the Near East and Egypt, the discipline disdains West African empires like Mali and Songhay – if they are mentioned at all (12). The author connects West Africa to the World system through the Middle East and North Africa. As the 2012– 2013 warfare in Mali showed, the region is deeply connected to the Middle East and North Africa, and in many ways, the conflict there was an extension of the Arab Spring which had devastated Libya and opened its vast arsenals to whoever can loot them. Immediately, after Muammar al-Qadhafi’s death in October 2011, over two
政治和历史学科往往以欧洲为中心。即使在最好的大学，世界史或全球史也往往局限于对某些社会的研究。大型的、复杂的、在某些情况下是跨洲的历史帝国被社会科学所忽视。用于研究少数非西方案例（中国、日本或伊朗）的工具也是西方文明的人造物。在非洲研究这门小型专业学科之外，几乎没有人试图以自己的方式理解这些社会，更不用说欣赏和努力了解他们的成就和实践了。非洲尤其如此。迈克尔·戈麦斯（Michael Gomez）的《非洲自治领：早期和中世纪西非帝国的新历史》（African Dominion:A New History of Empire in Early and Medieval West Africa）是一本以帕特里克·查巴尔（Patrick Chabal）、斯蒂芬·埃利斯（Stephen Ellis）、约翰·法格（John Fage）和安·胡贡（Ann Hugon。除了口述历史，这本书还建立在以前未出版和未探索的档案数据之上。它分为4部分14章，采用了经典的历史方法论。讽刺的感觉弥漫在作品中，因为之前对文明的起源是如何描述的。在他的导师、芝加哥大学中东研究教授约翰·C·伍德的启发下，作者学习了阿拉伯语，以便能够阅读西非伊斯兰时代以后的手稿。这本书仔细观察了西非帝国的周期，特别关注马里和松海，使用了中世纪西非的编年史Ta'rı̄kh as-Súdān和Ta'rş772 kh al-Fattāsh。这些作品聚焦于宋海帝国的兴衰（20）。戈麦斯认为，西非对世界历史产生了重大影响，不容忽视。在批评《世界史》时，他认为，虽然对文明的研究通常始于近东和埃及，但该学科蔑视马里和松海等西非帝国——如果真的提到它们的话（12）。作者通过中东和北非将西非与世界体系联系起来。正如2012-2013年马里战争所表明的那样，该地区与中东和北非有着深刻的联系，在许多方面，那里的冲突是阿拉伯之春的延伸，阿拉伯之春摧毁了利比亚，并向任何可以掠夺它们的人开放了其庞大的武库。2011年10月穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲去世后
{"title":"Book Review: African Dominion: A New History of Empire in Early and Medieval West Africa by Gomez, Michael","authors":"Georgi Asatryan, Jack V. Kalpakian","doi":"10.1177/00020397211060057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00020397211060057","url":null,"abstract":"The disciplines of politics and history tend to be Eurocentric. Even at the best universities, World or Global history tends to be limited to the study of certain societies. Large, sophisiticated and in some cases transcontinental historical empires are ignored by the social sciences. The tools used to study the few non-Western cases (China, Japan or Iran) are also artificats of Western civilization. Outside the small and specialized discipline of African Studies, nearly no attempt is made to understand these societies on their own terms, let alone appreciate and grapple with their achievements and practices. This is especially the case with Africa. Michael Gomez’ African Dominion: A New History of Empire in Early and Medieval West Africa is a book in the classical tradition of African studies as exemplified by Patrick Chabal, Stephen Ellis, John Fage, and Ann Hugon among others. In addition to oral histories, the book is built upon previously unpublished and unexplored archival data. Organized in 4 parts and 14 chapters, it uses a classical historical methodology. A sense of irony pervades the work, because of how the onset of civilization has been depicted previously. Inspired by his mentor, John C. Wood, a professor of Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Chicago, the author learned Arabic to be able to read the manuscripts from the Islamic era onward in Western Africa. The book takes a close look at the cycle of West African empires, focusing especially onMali and Songhay using the chronicles of medieval West Africa, Ta’rı̄kh as-Sūdān and Ta’rı̄kh al-Fattāsh. These works focus on the rise and fall of imperial Songhay (20). Gomez argues that West Africa has had a significant impact on world history and must not be ignored. Critiquing World History, he argues that while the study of civilization often starts with the Near East and Egypt, the discipline disdains West African empires like Mali and Songhay – if they are mentioned at all (12). The author connects West Africa to the World system through the Middle East and North Africa. As the 2012– 2013 warfare in Mali showed, the region is deeply connected to the Middle East and North Africa, and in many ways, the conflict there was an extension of the Arab Spring which had devastated Libya and opened its vast arsenals to whoever can loot them. Immediately, after Muammar al-Qadhafi’s death in October 2011, over two","PeriodicalId":45570,"journal":{"name":"Africa Spectrum","volume":"57 1","pages":"223 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49553327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-20DOI: 10.1177/00020397211062908
Georgi Asatryan, Jack V. Kalpakian
The disciplines of politics and history tend to be Eurocentric. Even at the best universities, World or Global history tends to be limited to the study of certain societies. Large, sophisticated and in some cases transcontinental historical empires are ignored by the social sciences. The tools used to study the few non-Western cases (China, Japan or Iran) are also artifacts of Western civilization. Outside the small and specialized discipline of African Studies, nearly no attempt is made to understand these societies on their own terms, let alone appreciate and grapple with their achievements and practices. This is especially the case with Africa. Michael Gomez’ African Dominion: A New History of Empire in East and Medieval West Africa is a book in the classical tradition of African studies as exemplified by Patrick Chabal, Stephen Ellis, John Fage, and Ann Hugon among others. In addition to oral histories, the book is built upon previously unpublished and unexplored archival data. Organized in 4 parts and 14 chapters, it uses a classical historical methodology. Inspired by his mentor, John C. Wood, a professor of Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Chicago, the author learned Arabic to be able to read the manuscripts from the Islamic era onward in Western Africa. The book is a close look at the cycle of West African empires, focusing especially on Mali and Songhay using the chronicles of medieval West Africa, Ta’rı̄kh as-Sūdān and Ta’rı̄kh al-Fattāsh. These works focus on the rise and fall of imperial Songhay (20). Gomez argues that West Africa has had a significant impact on world history and must not be ignored. Critiquing World History, he argues that while the study of civilization often starts with the Near East and Egypt, the discipline disdains West African empires like Mali and Songhay – if they are mentioned at all (12). The author connects West Africa to the World system through the Middle East and North Africa. As the 2012– 2013 warfare in Mali showed, the region is deeply connected to the Middle East and North Africa, and in many ways, the conflict there was an extension of the Arab Spring which had devastated Libya and opened its vast arsenals to whoever can loot them. Immediately, after Muammar al-Qadhafi’s death in October 2011, over two thousand of his loyalists crossed the border with Mali, joining forces with local opponents of the Malian government (369). Book Review
政治和历史学科往往以欧洲为中心。即使在最好的大学，世界史或全球史也往往局限于对某些社会的研究。大型的、复杂的、在某些情况下是跨洲的历史帝国被社会科学所忽视。用于研究少数非西方案例（中国、日本或伊朗）的工具也是西方文明的产物。在非洲研究这门小型专业学科之外，几乎没有人试图以自己的方式理解这些社会，更不用说欣赏和努力了解他们的成就和实践了。非洲尤其如此。迈克尔·戈麦斯（Michael Gomez）的《非洲自治领：东非和中世纪西非帝国的新历史》（African Dominion:A New History of Empire in East and Medieval West Africa）是一本以帕特里克·查巴尔（Patrick Chabal）、斯蒂芬·埃利斯（Stephen Ellis）、约翰·法格（John Fage）和安·胡贡（Ann Hugon。除了口述历史，这本书还建立在以前未出版和未探索的档案数据之上。它分为4部分14章，采用了经典的历史方法论。在他的导师、芝加哥大学中东研究教授约翰·C·伍德的启发下，作者学习了阿拉伯语，以便能够阅读西非伊斯兰时代以后的手稿。这本书仔细观察了西非帝国的周期，特别关注马里和松海，使用了中世纪西非的编年史Ta'rı̄kh as-Súdān和Ta'rş772 kh al-Fattāsh。这些作品聚焦于宋海帝国的兴衰（20）。戈麦斯认为，西非对世界历史产生了重大影响，不容忽视。在批评《世界史》时，他认为，虽然对文明的研究通常始于近东和埃及，但该学科蔑视马里和松海等西非帝国——如果真的提到它们的话（12）。作者通过中东和北非将西非与世界体系联系起来。正如2012-2013年马里战争所表明的那样，该地区与中东和北非有着深刻的联系，在许多方面，那里的冲突是阿拉伯之春的延伸，阿拉伯之春摧毁了利比亚，并向任何可以掠夺它们的人开放了其庞大的武库。2011年10月穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲去世后，他的2000多名效忠者立即越过马里边境，与马里政府的当地反对者联手（369人）。书评
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Pub Date : 2021-11-12DOI: 10.1177/0002039721993482
S. Jaensch
Against the backdrop of the plurality of agents and contexts, Africa’s peace and security norms have remained contested and open to interpretation in political practice. This article argues that African agents manifest their agencies precisely through their distinct interpretation and implementation of security norms. Based on Tanzania’s rejection to join the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) in 2007, this article zooms into the underlying domestic complexities by focusing in particular on the crucial influence of national identities for the ongoing construction of normative meaning in Africa’s peace and security landscape.
{"title":"Understanding African Agency in Peace and Security: Tanzania’s Implementation of “Non-Indifference” in Somalia","authors":"S. Jaensch","doi":"10.1177/0002039721993482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0002039721993482","url":null,"abstract":"Against the backdrop of the plurality of agents and contexts, Africa’s peace and security norms have remained contested and open to interpretation in political practice. This article argues that African agents manifest their agencies precisely through their distinct interpretation and implementation of security norms. Based on Tanzania’s rejection to join the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) in 2007, this article zooms into the underlying domestic complexities by focusing in particular on the crucial influence of national identities for the ongoing construction of normative meaning in Africa’s peace and security landscape.","PeriodicalId":45570,"journal":{"name":"Africa Spectrum","volume":"56 1","pages":"274 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45731853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.1177/00020397211050077
H. Nyamnjoh, S. Hall, L. Cirolia
This paper provides an ethnographic reading of how Congolese women, in particular aslyum seekers with temporary permits, navigate Cape Town's informal urban economy. We argue that the intersections of temporary permit status and gender, as well as the particularities of diaspora flows and settlements, compound the precarity of everyday life. We engage with how precarity shapes and is shaped by what we define as “working practices.” These practices include the everyday livelihood tactics sustained on shoestring budgets and transnational networks. We also show how, in moments of compounded crises – including the COVID-19 pandemic – marginal gains and transnational networks are rendered more fragile. In these traumatic moments, working practices extend to include the practices of hope and reliance on prayer as social ways of contending with exacerbated precarity.
{"title":"Precarity, Permits, and Prayers: “Working Practices” of Congolese Asylum-Seeking Women in Cape Town","authors":"H. Nyamnjoh, S. Hall, L. Cirolia","doi":"10.1177/00020397211050077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00020397211050077","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an ethnographic reading of how Congolese women, in particular aslyum seekers with temporary permits, navigate Cape Town's informal urban economy. We argue that the intersections of temporary permit status and gender, as well as the particularities of diaspora flows and settlements, compound the precarity of everyday life. We engage with how precarity shapes and is shaped by what we define as “working practices.” These practices include the everyday livelihood tactics sustained on shoestring budgets and transnational networks. We also show how, in moments of compounded crises – including the COVID-19 pandemic – marginal gains and transnational networks are rendered more fragile. In these traumatic moments, working practices extend to include the practices of hope and reliance on prayer as social ways of contending with exacerbated precarity.","PeriodicalId":45570,"journal":{"name":"Africa Spectrum","volume":"57 1","pages":"30 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44808396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.1177/00020397211052567
Y. Gez, Nadia Beider, H. Dickow
Sub-Saharan African societies are widely seen as highly religious. However, at least 30 million Sub-Saharan Africans identify themselves as “religious nones” and are supposedly not affiliated with any religious tradition. While research interest in religious nones has been growing in the United States, Canada, and Western Europe, there is a dearth of literature on nones in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper, we offer an overview of this understudied subject and dwell on key challenges for studying African nones, including preconceived notions and structural oppositions. We further muse on the identity of African nones and consider differences from the characteristics established concerning Western nones. The article draws on quantitative data from across the region (primarily from Afrobarometer and Pew Research Center) and supplements them with interview data collected in Chad, Kenya, and South Africa.
{"title":"African and Not Religious: The State of Research on Sub-Saharan Religious Nones and New Scholarly Horizons","authors":"Y. Gez, Nadia Beider, H. Dickow","doi":"10.1177/00020397211052567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00020397211052567","url":null,"abstract":"Sub-Saharan African societies are widely seen as highly religious. However, at least 30 million Sub-Saharan Africans identify themselves as “religious nones” and are supposedly not affiliated with any religious tradition. While research interest in religious nones has been growing in the United States, Canada, and Western Europe, there is a dearth of literature on nones in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper, we offer an overview of this understudied subject and dwell on key challenges for studying African nones, including preconceived notions and structural oppositions. We further muse on the identity of African nones and consider differences from the characteristics established concerning Western nones. The article draws on quantitative data from across the region (primarily from Afrobarometer and Pew Research Center) and supplements them with interview data collected in Chad, Kenya, and South Africa.","PeriodicalId":45570,"journal":{"name":"Africa Spectrum","volume":"57 1","pages":"50 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48935129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.1177/00020397211050080
Amanda Coffie, Lembe M. Tiky
A protracted conventional knowledge within mainstream International Relations (IR) has been that African agents (states, organizations, and diplomats) are consumers of international norms and practices designed in the affluent countries of the Global North. Papers in this special issue present a challenge to this view; they discuss the active role and the influence of African actors in international politics and renew a call for the development of IR theories, concepts, and methods that reflect Global Southern and African experiences, ideas, institutions, actors and processes.
{"title":"Exploring Africa's Agency in International Politics","authors":"Amanda Coffie, Lembe M. Tiky","doi":"10.1177/00020397211050080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00020397211050080","url":null,"abstract":"A protracted conventional knowledge within mainstream International Relations (IR) has been that African agents (states, organizations, and diplomats) are consumers of international norms and practices designed in the affluent countries of the Global North. Papers in this special issue present a challenge to this view; they discuss the active role and the influence of African actors in international politics and renew a call for the development of IR theories, concepts, and methods that reflect Global Southern and African experiences, ideas, institutions, actors and processes.","PeriodicalId":45570,"journal":{"name":"Africa Spectrum","volume":"56 1","pages":"243 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41900226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-22DOI: 10.1177/00020397211042384
P. D. De Carvalho, Dominik Kopiński, I. Taylor
China's relationship with Angola – which is both the region's top oil exporter to China and recipient of the highest amount of Chinese loans – represents a critical case when it comes to studying Sino–African relations. The Sino–Angolan relationship, forged for purely pragmatic reasons at an opportune moment of mutual need in the early 2000s, has been labelled a ‘marriage of convenience’. A variety of factors have, however, altered the environment in which China first made inroads into Angola; most notably a decline in oil prices, and the 2017 political transition. These have provided fresh impetus to the Angolan political economy and relations with China. Based on interviews we show that although oil remains a central ingredient, China's role has substantially evolved. The marriage of convenience is experiencing a period of rocky introspection, one in which the notion of China having sway in Angola can finally be laid to rest.
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Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.1177/00020397211049812
Leila Demarest
on the interrelations between patronage access, elite and mass clientelism, and identity.
关于庇护准入、精英和大众庇护主义以及身份认同之间的相互关系。
{"title":"Book Review: Classify, Exclude, Police: Urban Lives in South Africa and Nigeria","authors":"Leila Demarest","doi":"10.1177/00020397211049812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00020397211049812","url":null,"abstract":"on the interrelations between patronage access, elite and mass clientelism, and identity.","PeriodicalId":45570,"journal":{"name":"Africa Spectrum","volume":"57 1","pages":"104 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41366761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.1177/00020397211034524
Kirsten Milo Nielsen
{"title":"Book Review: Under Construction: Technologies of Development in Urban Ethiopia","authors":"Kirsten Milo Nielsen","doi":"10.1177/00020397211034524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00020397211034524","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45570,"journal":{"name":"Africa Spectrum","volume":"57 1","pages":"101 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44949172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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