A. Alshdiefat, A. A. Sharif, Albara' Ibrahim Alharahsheh, Shaban Ismael Albrka, N. Olsson, Mohammad Younes, Sofie Bang
Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the multifaceted challenge of managing construction and demolition waste within the context of the Jordan construction industry. Design/methodology/approach Using data sourced through desk research, interviews and questionnaires, this study examines the principal causes of increased volumes of construction and demolition waste, as well as the obstacles to both developing and implementing better waste management strategies. Findings This study identifies multiple causes of issues related to waste management and barriers to developing and implementing solutions and concludes by recommending a holistic approach to this multifaceted problem. A lack of adequate construction waste management infrastructure, regarding both physical facilities and regulations, was highlighted as the key challenge. Social implications The accumulation of waste that results from construction and demolition activity, and activities characterized by unsustainable utilization of raw materials and inefficiency are a global issue. The challenge of effectively managing construction waste is importantly tied to factors including the availability of the necessary infrastructure; economic conditions; and the scarcity of skilled laborers, among others. Originality/value This study focuses on the Jordan construction industry, which is so far not very well researched. By building upon previous studies, this study supports further research to illuminate the causes of waste and the barriers to better management, an issue that is not only a pillar of progress at the country level but also key for a sustainable development in general.
{"title":"Construction and demolition waste management in Jordan: a multifaceted perspective","authors":"A. Alshdiefat, A. A. Sharif, Albara' Ibrahim Alharahsheh, Shaban Ismael Albrka, N. Olsson, Mohammad Younes, Sofie Bang","doi":"10.1108/ci-08-2022-0221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ci-08-2022-0221","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study is to explore the multifaceted challenge of managing construction and demolition waste within the context of the Jordan construction industry.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Using data sourced through desk research, interviews and questionnaires, this study examines the principal causes of increased volumes of construction and demolition waste, as well as the obstacles to both developing and implementing better waste management strategies.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000This study identifies multiple causes of issues related to waste management and barriers to developing and implementing solutions and concludes by recommending a holistic approach to this multifaceted problem. A lack of adequate construction waste management infrastructure, regarding both physical facilities and regulations, was highlighted as the key challenge.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000The accumulation of waste that results from construction and demolition activity, and activities characterized by unsustainable utilization of raw materials and inefficiency are a global issue. The challenge of effectively managing construction waste is importantly tied to factors including the availability of the necessary infrastructure; economic conditions; and the scarcity of skilled laborers, among others.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study focuses on the Jordan construction industry, which is so far not very well researched. By building upon previous studies, this study supports further research to illuminate the causes of waste and the barriers to better management, an issue that is not only a pillar of progress at the country level but also key for a sustainable development in general.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45580,"journal":{"name":"Construction Innovation-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47117839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.15282/construction.v3i1.8910
NG CUI MING, ANIS AINA, RAMADHANSYAH PUTRA JAYA, NICOLE LIEW SIAW ING
Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is currently commonly used in road construction. Reclaimed asphalt pavement can enhance environmental sustainability while also reducing reclaimed pavement disposal issues. In this study, waste cooking oil (WCO) was utilized as rejuvenating material. There are different samples, where Sample A is the control mixture which is virgin mixture without rejuvenator contain 0% of RAP content. Sample B is the rejuvenated RAP mixtures including 25% and 50% of RAP content combined with WCO, while sample C is the non-rejuvenated RAP mixture containing 25% and 50% of RAP content. In addition, sample D is for 100% RAP content. Therefore, to evaluate the engineering properties, different experimental test, including Marshall stability and flow, dynamic creep modulus and indirect tensile strength are applied, and the optimum percentage was determined based on the result. The findings revealed that reclaimed asphalt pavement with rejuvenating materials enhanced the performance of stability and deformation resistance. Moreover, the indirect tensile strength increases with the increase of RAP content. Based on the findings, it can conclude that 100% of reclaimed asphalt pavement showed the optimum value and significantly enhanced the performance of reclaimed asphalt pavement with rejuvenating materials by reducing pollution.
{"title":"Analysis of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement with Rejuvenating Materials","authors":"NG CUI MING, ANIS AINA, RAMADHANSYAH PUTRA JAYA, NICOLE LIEW SIAW ING","doi":"10.15282/construction.v3i1.8910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/construction.v3i1.8910","url":null,"abstract":"Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is currently commonly used in road construction. Reclaimed asphalt pavement can enhance environmental sustainability while also reducing reclaimed pavement disposal issues. In this study, waste cooking oil (WCO) was utilized as rejuvenating material. There are different samples, where Sample A is the control mixture which is virgin mixture without rejuvenator contain 0% of RAP content. Sample B is the rejuvenated RAP mixtures including 25% and 50% of RAP content combined with WCO, while sample C is the non-rejuvenated RAP mixture containing 25% and 50% of RAP content. In addition, sample D is for 100% RAP content. Therefore, to evaluate the engineering properties, different experimental test, including Marshall stability and flow, dynamic creep modulus and indirect tensile strength are applied, and the optimum percentage was determined based on the result. The findings revealed that reclaimed asphalt pavement with rejuvenating materials enhanced the performance of stability and deformation resistance. Moreover, the indirect tensile strength increases with the increase of RAP content. Based on the findings, it can conclude that 100% of reclaimed asphalt pavement showed the optimum value and significantly enhanced the performance of reclaimed asphalt pavement with rejuvenating materials by reducing pollution.","PeriodicalId":45580,"journal":{"name":"Construction Innovation-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86314469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.15282/construction.v3i1.9075
Claudius Konitufe, Aliyu Abubakar, Abubakar Sabo Baba
This paper investigates the effect of the size and shape of coarse aggregates on the compressive strength of concrete. Concrete strength is affected by the surface texture, grading and maximum aggregate size. Six different sizes of coarse aggregate have been selected for both angular and rounded coarse aggregate. The coarse aggregates were used in the production of concrete and tested for workability, density and compressive strength. The specimen was cured for 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days by full water immersion. The results indicated that under the same curing conditions and water-cement ratio, the compressive strength of concrete produced with both angular and rounded aggregates increased with increasing aggregate size, up to an aggregate size of 14 mm. The optimum compressive strength of 27.58 N/mm2 and 25.88 N/mm2 were achieved at 28 days curing and 14 mm aggregate size for concrete with angular and rounded aggregates respectively. Coarse aggregates with angular shape result in concretes with better compressive strength than coarse aggregates with a rounded shape. The model equation developed to predict the compressive strength of rounded aggregate has R2 value of 95.66%, and the higher the value of R2, the better the model fits the data.
{"title":"Influence of Aggregate Size and Shape on the Compressive Strength of Concrete","authors":"Claudius Konitufe, Aliyu Abubakar, Abubakar Sabo Baba","doi":"10.15282/construction.v3i1.9075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/construction.v3i1.9075","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the effect of the size and shape of coarse aggregates on the compressive strength of concrete. Concrete strength is affected by the surface texture, grading and maximum aggregate size. Six different sizes of coarse aggregate have been selected for both angular and rounded coarse aggregate. The coarse aggregates were used in the production of concrete and tested for workability, density and compressive strength. The specimen was cured for 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days by full water immersion. The results indicated that under the same curing conditions and water-cement ratio, the compressive strength of concrete produced with both angular and rounded aggregates increased with increasing aggregate size, up to an aggregate size of 14 mm. The optimum compressive strength of 27.58 N/mm2 and 25.88 N/mm2 were achieved at 28 days curing and 14 mm aggregate size for concrete with angular and rounded aggregates respectively. Coarse aggregates with angular shape result in concretes with better compressive strength than coarse aggregates with a rounded shape. The model equation developed to predict the compressive strength of rounded aggregate has R2 value of 95.66%, and the higher the value of R2, the better the model fits the data.","PeriodicalId":45580,"journal":{"name":"Construction Innovation-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86836097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.15282/construction.v3i1.8813
Nicole Liew Siaw Ing, C. M. Ng, Nur Syamimi Nabillah Binti Mohd Sori, R. Putra Jaya, K. Masri
Porous asphalt (PA) is a porous pavement layer made of an open graded aggregate that has a lot of linked air voids. The technical qualities and performance of PA are heavily influenced by the aggregate shape and surface roughness. Granite aggregate was use in this research to study the effect of aggregate shape on volumetric and mechanical properties of porous asphalt mixture and to evaluate the quality of aggregate shape of porous asphalt mixture (PAM) in relation to aggregate shape. To classify the aggregate size, sieve analysis was carried out and followed by flakiness and elongation index test. Marshall stability test and resilient modulus test were conducted to study the behavior of PAM by replacing different shape of aggregate. Based on the result cubical shaped aggregates are more recommended to be use in PAM, due to the strength is higher than the conventional PA.
{"title":"Influence of Aggregates Shape on Porous Asphalt Mixture","authors":"Nicole Liew Siaw Ing, C. M. Ng, Nur Syamimi Nabillah Binti Mohd Sori, R. Putra Jaya, K. Masri","doi":"10.15282/construction.v3i1.8813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/construction.v3i1.8813","url":null,"abstract":"Porous asphalt (PA) is a porous pavement layer made of an open graded aggregate that has a lot of linked air voids. The technical qualities and performance of PA are heavily influenced by the aggregate shape and surface roughness. Granite aggregate was use in this research to study the effect of aggregate shape on volumetric and mechanical properties of porous asphalt mixture and to evaluate the quality of aggregate shape of porous asphalt mixture (PAM) in relation to aggregate shape. To classify the aggregate size, sieve analysis was carried out and followed by flakiness and elongation index test. Marshall stability test and resilient modulus test were conducted to study the behavior of PAM by replacing different shape of aggregate. Based on the result cubical shaped aggregates are more recommended to be use in PAM, due to the strength is higher than the conventional PA.","PeriodicalId":45580,"journal":{"name":"Construction Innovation-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88378410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.15282/construction.v3i1.9078
Kamrul Hasan, M.T. Islam, Tusdid Sabur Tohfa, F. Yahaya
The production of affordable, lightweight polymers using sustainable composites reinforced with natural, eco-friendly fibers has recently attracted a lot of attention from both the research and manufacturing realms. Future construction of buildings must have the least negative impact on the environment while also being long-lasting. Basalt is the best material to utilize as reinforcement among natural fibers (animal, vegetable, or mineral) because of its advantageous qualities. The superior features of basalt rebar, such as its high tensile strength, low young's modulus, and corrosion-inhibiting properties, contribute to its operational excellence. This article summarizes the previous studies to investigate the use of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars as a substitute for steel reinforcement, emphasizing flexural strength, serviceability, and durability. That fits with the objective of this study, which is to analyse the most updated available data, compile the findings, and then identify any knowledge gaps that warrant future investigation. Moreover, the authors concluded following the review that basalt rebar might be used in construction as a more environmentally friendly and sustainable substitute for steel reinforcement.
{"title":"Using Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer as Steel Reinforcement - Review","authors":"Kamrul Hasan, M.T. Islam, Tusdid Sabur Tohfa, F. Yahaya","doi":"10.15282/construction.v3i1.9078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/construction.v3i1.9078","url":null,"abstract":"The production of affordable, lightweight polymers using sustainable composites reinforced with natural, eco-friendly fibers has recently attracted a lot of attention from both the research and manufacturing realms. Future construction of buildings must have the least negative impact on the environment while also being long-lasting. Basalt is the best material to utilize as reinforcement among natural fibers (animal, vegetable, or mineral) because of its advantageous qualities. The superior features of basalt rebar, such as its high tensile strength, low young's modulus, and corrosion-inhibiting properties, contribute to its operational excellence. This article summarizes the previous studies to investigate the use of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars as a substitute for steel reinforcement, emphasizing flexural strength, serviceability, and durability. That fits with the objective of this study, which is to analyse the most updated available data, compile the findings, and then identify any knowledge gaps that warrant future investigation. Moreover, the authors concluded following the review that basalt rebar might be used in construction as a more environmentally friendly and sustainable substitute for steel reinforcement.","PeriodicalId":45580,"journal":{"name":"Construction Innovation-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88825159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.15282/construction.v3i1.8915
Ir. Dr. Azhani Zukri
This research represents an investigation into the effectiveness of replacement methods to increase the bearing capacity of soft clays under footing load, where Light Expanded Clay aggregates (LECA) were used as a substitute for common aggregate fillers. The soil replacement technique is the easiest and cheapest way to improve soft soil compared to installing a raft footing or using a deep foundation such as piles. LECA is known to be light, strong and environmentally sustainable and is widely used in Geotechnical applications where weight is an issue. The bearing capacity of the footing on soft soil reinforced by LECA was analysed through finite element analysis using commercial software PLAXIS 3D (2020). The soft ground is represented by Hardening Soil (HS) constitutive model, while LECA has been modelled as Mohr-Coulomb (MC). Parametric studies were conducted to assess the effect of LECA raft thickness to bearing capacity improvement for various friction angles of LECA. The research found that the bearing capacity is directly proportional to the internal friction angle of LECA and the LECA raft thickness. Nevertheless, the bearing capacity appears to be almost linear when 2.5 m and 3.5 m thick LECA rafts are used, indicating that the depth of replacement ratio more than 25% give insignificant effect towards improvement ratio.
{"title":"Bearing Capacity of Footing on Soft Clay Strengthened by Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate Raft","authors":"Ir. Dr. Azhani Zukri","doi":"10.15282/construction.v3i1.8915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/construction.v3i1.8915","url":null,"abstract":"This research represents an investigation into the effectiveness of replacement methods to increase the bearing capacity of soft clays under footing load, where Light Expanded Clay aggregates (LECA) were used as a substitute for common aggregate fillers. The soil replacement technique is the easiest and cheapest way to improve soft soil compared to installing a raft footing or using a deep foundation such as piles. LECA is known to be light, strong and environmentally sustainable and is widely used in Geotechnical applications where weight is an issue. The bearing capacity of the footing on soft soil reinforced by LECA was analysed through finite element analysis using commercial software PLAXIS 3D (2020). The soft ground is represented by Hardening Soil (HS) constitutive model, while LECA has been modelled as Mohr-Coulomb (MC). Parametric studies were conducted to assess the effect of LECA raft thickness to bearing capacity improvement for various friction angles of LECA. The research found that the bearing capacity is directly proportional to the internal friction angle of LECA and the LECA raft thickness. Nevertheless, the bearing capacity appears to be almost linear when 2.5 m and 3.5 m thick LECA rafts are used, indicating that the depth of replacement ratio more than 25% give insignificant effect towards improvement ratio.","PeriodicalId":45580,"journal":{"name":"Construction Innovation-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82943336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose Scaling up smart city infrastructure projects will require a large financial investment. Using public–private partnerships is one of the most effective ways to address budget constraints. Numerous factors have varying degrees of influence on the performance of Public private partnerships (PPP) projects; certain PPP factors are more crucial to the success of a smart city infrastructure project than others, and their influence can be greatly increased when they are fulfilled collectively. This study aims to find out what factors are unique to smart city PPP initiatives, as well as how these factors work together, so that successful smart city infrastructure PPP projects can be scaled up. Design/methodology/approach The methodology included three sequential stages: identifying the critical success factors (CSF) of PPP for smart cities based on an extensive literature review, collecting data from a sample of 90 PPP practitioners using a Likert scale questionnaire and estimating interrelationships among the CSF and their emergent clusters using structural equation modelling. Findings The best fit model developed in this study demonstrated the significance of each factor and their interrelationships within their categories in enhancing the performance of PPPs in smart city infrastructure projects. Five categories of critical success factors for PPPs in smart city infrastructure projects have been established: partnership and collaboration; financial sustainability; contractual duties and outsourcing; smart integration; and contract governance. Practical implications The proposed model represented the causal interrelationships among relevant critical success factors derived from literature, which may help in directing the organization’s attention and resources to more critical areas, leading to the effective fulfilment of the smart city infrastructure project’s objectives. In addition to the theoretical and methodological contributions, this study produced a usable and readily adaptable list and clusters of critical success factors for research in the area of the implementation of PPP in smart city infrastructure projects. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to identify PPP critical success factors and their themed clusters for smart city infrastructure projects.
{"title":"Critical success factors for public–private partnerships in smart city infrastructure projects","authors":"K. Almarri, H. Boussabaine","doi":"10.1108/ci-04-2022-0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ci-04-2022-0072","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Scaling up smart city infrastructure projects will require a large financial investment. Using public–private partnerships is one of the most effective ways to address budget constraints. Numerous factors have varying degrees of influence on the performance of Public private partnerships (PPP) projects; certain PPP factors are more crucial to the success of a smart city infrastructure project than others, and their influence can be greatly increased when they are fulfilled collectively. This study aims to find out what factors are unique to smart city PPP initiatives, as well as how these factors work together, so that successful smart city infrastructure PPP projects can be scaled up.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The methodology included three sequential stages: identifying the critical success factors (CSF) of PPP for smart cities based on an extensive literature review, collecting data from a sample of 90 PPP practitioners using a Likert scale questionnaire and estimating interrelationships among the CSF and their emergent clusters using structural equation modelling.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The best fit model developed in this study demonstrated the significance of each factor and their interrelationships within their categories in enhancing the performance of PPPs in smart city infrastructure projects. Five categories of critical success factors for PPPs in smart city infrastructure projects have been established: partnership and collaboration; financial sustainability; contractual duties and outsourcing; smart integration; and contract governance.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The proposed model represented the causal interrelationships among relevant critical success factors derived from literature, which may help in directing the organization’s attention and resources to more critical areas, leading to the effective fulfilment of the smart city infrastructure project’s objectives. In addition to the theoretical and methodological contributions, this study produced a usable and readily adaptable list and clusters of critical success factors for research in the area of the implementation of PPP in smart city infrastructure projects.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to identify PPP critical success factors and their themed clusters for smart city infrastructure projects.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45580,"journal":{"name":"Construction Innovation-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49446116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.15282/construction.v3i1.9097
Konitufe Claudius, Abubakar Sabo Baba, A. Abubakar
Global warming, improper solid waste and environment degradations are the major challenges facing humankind. One way to lower the effect global warming is to use less energy intensive materials optimally in construction and proper solid waste disposals to protect the environment from it harmful effects. In this study, the mechanical properties of Pulverized Animal Bone (PAB) and Pulverized Animal Bone Ash (PABA) as cement replacement in concrete were examined and the mechanical properties of concrete containing PAB/PABA optimised using response surfaces methodology (RSM). Central composite Design (CCD) method of experimental design of RSM was used to design the experiment using the key variables in the mechanical properties of Pulverised Animals Bone Ash concrete (PABC) and Pulverised Animals Bone Concrete Ash (PABAC). The variables considered in the model’s development are Bone powders percentages replacement of cement in concrete at five levels (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% levels) and curing age (3, 7, 28, 60 and 90-days). The Test conducted on fresh PABC/BAPAC was slump test while on hardened concrete were, Density, water absorption and compressive strength tests. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates that the variables PAB/PABA and curing age influence the variability in the generated models and all the models are statistically significant at 95% level in all the factors levels. Numerical method of optimisation was applied to determine optimum mix proportions for PABC/PABAC. The optimum mix for PABC was obtained by addition of 5.00% PAB after curing for 42.24-days with 0.736 desirability. In PABAC, 5.00% PABA and 44.87-days curing with desirability 0.736 was the optimum.
{"title":"Influence of Pulverized Animal Bone and Animal Bone Ash on the Mechanical Properties of Normal Strength Concrete using Response Surface Method","authors":"Konitufe Claudius, Abubakar Sabo Baba, A. Abubakar","doi":"10.15282/construction.v3i1.9097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/construction.v3i1.9097","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming, improper solid waste and environment degradations are the major challenges facing humankind. One way to lower the effect global warming is to use less energy intensive materials optimally in construction and proper solid waste disposals to protect the environment from it harmful effects. In this study, the mechanical properties of Pulverized Animal Bone (PAB) and Pulverized Animal Bone Ash (PABA) as cement replacement in concrete were examined and the mechanical properties of concrete containing PAB/PABA optimised using response surfaces methodology (RSM). Central composite Design (CCD) method of experimental design of RSM was used to design the experiment using the key variables in the mechanical properties of Pulverised Animals Bone Ash concrete (PABC) and Pulverised Animals Bone Concrete Ash (PABAC). The variables considered in the model’s development are Bone powders percentages replacement of cement in concrete at five levels (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% levels) and curing age (3, 7, 28, 60 and 90-days). The Test conducted on fresh PABC/BAPAC was slump test while on hardened concrete were, Density, water absorption and compressive strength tests. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates that the variables PAB/PABA and curing age influence the variability in the generated models and all the models are statistically significant at 95% level in all the factors levels. Numerical method of optimisation was applied to determine optimum mix proportions for PABC/PABAC. The optimum mix for PABC was obtained by addition of 5.00% PAB after curing for 42.24-days with 0.736 desirability. In PABAC, 5.00% PABA and 44.87-days curing with desirability 0.736 was the optimum.","PeriodicalId":45580,"journal":{"name":"Construction Innovation-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88862134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.15282/construction.v3i1.9053
I. Umaru, B. Alkali, M.M. Alhaji, M. Alhassan, T.E. Adejumo, A.H. Jagaba
The study is to design field-operated plate load test equipment to overcome the problem of predicting bearing capacity and settlement of clayey soil on site using the conventional/traditional methods of short-duration plate load test where a hydraulic jack is used in conducting the test. Ashby's method of material selection was used for the selection of a suitable material for each of the components. The 12 mm thickness was obtained as the minimum safe thickness for the applied load of 500 kg on the lever arm. The I-section frame that support the entire system has sectional modulus of 19.4 cm3 and 4 mm thickness. The equipment will use a lever arm mechanism to conduct an in-situ test that will take long-duration on clay soil where the dissipation of pore water from the clayey soils takes a longer time to complete as against the current conventional method of plate load test that is in use. The equipment will offer several advantages in terms of cost, reliability, portability, authenticity, and user friendly.
{"title":"Structural Design of Field Plate Load Test Equipment to Determine In situ Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Clayey Soil","authors":"I. Umaru, B. Alkali, M.M. Alhaji, M. Alhassan, T.E. Adejumo, A.H. Jagaba","doi":"10.15282/construction.v3i1.9053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/construction.v3i1.9053","url":null,"abstract":"The study is to design field-operated plate load test equipment to overcome the problem of predicting bearing capacity and settlement of clayey soil on site using the conventional/traditional methods of short-duration plate load test where a hydraulic jack is used in conducting the test. Ashby's method of material selection was used for the selection of a suitable material for each of the components. The 12 mm thickness was obtained as the minimum safe thickness for the applied load of 500 kg on the lever arm. The I-section frame that support the entire system has sectional modulus of 19.4 cm3 and 4 mm thickness. The equipment will use a lever arm mechanism to conduct an in-situ test that will take long-duration on clay soil where the dissipation of pore water from the clayey soils takes a longer time to complete as against the current conventional method of plate load test that is in use. The equipment will offer several advantages in terms of cost, reliability, portability, authenticity, and user friendly.","PeriodicalId":45580,"journal":{"name":"Construction Innovation-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78564952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.15282/construction.v3i1.8811
NG CUI MING, NICOLE LIEW SIAW ING, NUR AILAH TAKLIMA BINTI ZUKRI, RAMADHANSYAH PUTRA JAYA, HARYATI AWANG
Sustainable construction in a variety of industries has motivated the use of waste materials in various forms as a substitute for raw materials. Currently, the plastic waste quantity in municipal solid waste is increasing due to population growth and lifestyle changes. Thus, disposal of waste mineral bottles is hazardous to the environment due to their non-biodegradable materials. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the performance of mineral bottles (0,4,8 and 10%) as fine aggregate in hot mix asphalt. The waste mineral bottle was cleaned and crushed into the size passed through 5mm sieve with different contents (0, 4, 8 and 10%) were used as a fine aggregate in the asphalt mixture. Asphaltic concrete AC14 was used in this study. The weight for the total mixing of aggregates used is 1200g, while the bitumen 60/70 penetration grade. The Marshall stability and flow and Cantabro tests were performed to determine the optimum percentage of asphalt mixture incorporated with the mineral bottle as fine aggregate. It has been observed that 8% of mineral bottles as fine aggregates significant improvements the properties of Marshall stability from 17.81kN to 31.87kN and reduced the Cantabro loss of the asphalt mixture from 2.17% to 0.96% compared to the conventional mix. Hence, the use of mineral bottles will not only strengthen the road construction but also increases the road life as well as help to improve the environment.
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