Accounting Research Journal最新文献_第3页

Window dressing in the banking sector of an emerging economy: evidence from aggregate data 新兴经济体银行业的 "橱窗效应"：综合数据证据

IF 1.9 Q2 BUSINESS, FINANCE

Accounting Research Journal

Pub Date : 2023-12-26 DOI: 10.1108/arj-11-2022-0296

Imad A. Moosa, Khalid Alsaad, Ibrahim N. Khatatbeh

Purpose

This study aims to investigate window dressing as practiced by commercial banks in Kuwait, using monthly aggregate balance sheet data covering the period January 1993 to December 2017.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applies the structural time series model to decompose an observed time series into unobserved components based on monthly data covering January 1993 to December 2017 on the consolidated balance sheet of commercial banks in Kuwait.

Findings

The empirical results indicate that Kuwaiti commercial banks indulge in upward window dressing to boost size and liquidity. This kind of behaviour is indicated by a statistically significant rise in assets under the control of banks in December, followed by a statistically significant decline in January. The operation is funded by borrowing, leading to a December rise and a January fall in foreign and other liabilities, which are also under the control of commercial banks.

Originality/value

This study uses a novel methodology to detect window dressing based on the seasonal behaviour of balance sheet items. This study suggests a unified framework for the motives, targets, types and consequences of window dressing and how they are related.

本研究旨在利用 1993 年 1 月至 2017 年 12 月期间的月度综合资产负债表数据，对科威特商业银行实施的 "窗口指导 "行为进行调查。本研究根据 1993 年 1 月至 2017 年 12 月期间科威特商业银行综合资产负债表的月度数据，采用结构性时间序列模型将观察到的时间序列分解为未观察到的部分。这种行为表现为 12 月份银行控制下的资产在统计上显著上升，随后在 1 月份出现显著下降。这种行为的资金来源是借贷，从而导致同样受商业银行控制的对外负债和其他负债在 12 月份上升，1 月份下降。本研究为窗口指导的动机、目标、类型和后果以及它们之间的关系提出了一个统一的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Fighting through the Flesch and Fog: the readability of risk disclosures 穿越弗莱什与迷雾：风险披露的可读性

IF 1.9 Q2 BUSINESS, FINANCE

Accounting Research Journal

Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1108/arj-03-2023-0094

Franz Eduard Toerien, Elda du Toit

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the amendments to International Accounting Standard (IAS) 39 and the introduction of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 9 enhanced the readability, and thus the quality and usefulness of risk disclosure information.

Design/methodology/approach

Readability analyses are performed on companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) from 2005 to 2021. The sample period includes the period when companies disclosed information according to IAS 39 (2005–2017) and IFRS 9 (2018–2021).

Findings

The results of the analyses show risk disclosures for JSE-listed companies to be complex and difficult to understand. Furthermore, risk disclosures have become longer and less readable with the introduction of amendments to IAS 39 and the introduction of IFRS 9.

Research limitations/implications

This study uses readability measures as a proxy for the complexity and usefulness of risk disclosures. The amount of utility a user of financial statements derives could be dependent on other factors such as the quality of disclosure, individual user background and perceptions.

Practical implications

The results have valuable implications for the various stakeholders that make use of the information contained in financial statements. Stakeholders such as regulators and standard setters should carefully assess how accounting standards change to ensure that one of the key objectives of the IASB, namely, to provide information that is relevant, reliable and understandable, is met.

Originality/value

The results of this study contribute to the discourse on the usefulness of companies’ risk disclosures. Though, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to compare the readability of risk disclosures from an emerging market perspective, the results can be applied to other countries using IFRS to assess the readability of risk disclosures.

本研究的目的是评估国际会计准则(IAS) 39的修订和国际财务报告准则(IFRS) 9的引入是否提高了风险披露信息的可读性，从而提高了风险披露信息的质量和有用性。设计/方法/可接近性分析是对2005年至2021年在约翰内斯堡证券交易所(JSE)上市的公司进行的。样本期间包括公司根据IAS 39(2005-2017)和IFRS 9(2018-2021)披露信息的期间。分析结果表明，日本证券交易所上市公司的风险披露复杂且难以理解。此外，随着《国际会计准则第39号》(IAS 39)修订的引入和《国际财务报告准则第9号》(IFRS 9)的引入，风险披露变得越来越长，可读性也越来越差。研究局限性/启示本研究使用可读性度量作为风险披露的复杂性和有用性的代理。财务报表使用者所获得的效用可能取决于其他因素，例如披露的质量、个人使用者的背景和看法。实际意义这些结果对使用财务报表中所含信息的各种利益相关者具有重要意义。监管机构和准则制定者等利益相关者应仔细评估会计准则如何变化，以确保实现国际会计准则理事会的关键目标之一，即提供相关、可靠和可理解的信息。原创性/价值本研究的结果有助于探讨公司风险披露的有用性。尽管就作者所知，这是第一个从新兴市场角度比较风险披露可读性的研究，但其结果可以应用于使用国际财务报告准则评估风险披露可读性的其他国家。

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引用次数: 0

This is not an exit: accounting education and attempting to escape the capitalist realist “cage” 这不是出口：会计教育，试图摆脱资本主义现实主义的 "牢笼"

IF 1.9 Q2 BUSINESS, FINANCE

Accounting Research Journal

Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1108/arj-06-2022-0144

David Yates, Muhammad Al Mahameed

Purpose Through this reflexive, theoretically informed polemical piece, this paper aims to seek to reflect on the role of accounting education in United Kingdom Higher Education (UKHE). The authors reignite an old, but pertinent debate, whether accounting graduates should be educated to be accountants or receive a holistic, critical education. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopt a theoretical position drawing on the work of Slavoj Žižek and Mark Fisher, and their fusion of Lacanian psychoanalysis and Marxism, in particular Fisher’s (2009) conceptualisation of “capitalist realism” to take a critical standpoint on the effects that UKHE marketisation is having on the teaching of accounting and other business-related disciplines. Findings The authors outline four key aspects of where accounting education in UKHE is influenced by capitalist realism, as a result of the marketisation of UKHE. Research limitations/implications The paper is a reflexive polemic and so is limited by this written style and presentation. Social implications The authors argue that capitalist realism is a dominant theme that influences accounting education. They propose that universities now, more than ever, must focus on their societal duty to foster critical viewpoints in their graduates and dispose of a model that is subject to capitalist realism ontology. Originality/value The theoretical stance allows for a potentially deeper consideration of issues surrounding marketisation of higher education, from the micro level of social interaction (that of the accounting academic and their impact/perceptions of the reality).

目的通过这篇具有反思性、理论性的论战文章，本文旨在反思会计教育在英国高等教育（UKHE）中的作用。作者再次引发了一场古老而又相关的辩论，即会计专业的毕业生应该接受会计师教育，还是接受全面的批判性教育。设计/方法/途径作者采用的理论立场借鉴了斯拉沃伊-齐泽克（Slavoj Žižek）和马克-费舍尔（Mark Fisher）的研究成果，以及他们将拉康式精神分析与马克思主义，特别是费舍尔（2009 年）的 "资本主义现实主义 "概念相融合的观点，以批判性的立场看待英国高等教育市场化对会计及其他商业相关学科教学的影响。研究结果作者概述了英国高等教育市场化对英国会计教育产生资本主义现实主义影响的四个关键方面。研究局限/影响本文是一篇反思性的论战文章，因此受到这种写作风格和表达方式的限制。社会影响作者认为，资本主义现实主义是影响会计教育的主导主题。他们提出，大学现在比以往任何时候都更有必要关注其社会责任，培养毕业生的批判性观点，摒弃受制于资本主义现实主义本体论的模式。原创性/价值这一理论立场使我们有可能从社会互动的微观层面（会计学术界及其对现实的影响/看法）更深入地思考高等教育市场化的相关问题。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of CEO attributes on sustainability performance: evidence from an emerging economy CEO属性对可持续发展绩效的影响:来自新兴经济体的证据

Q2 BUSINESS, FINANCE

Accounting Research Journal

Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1108/arj-12-2022-0323

Rubel Saha, Md. Nurul Kabir, Abdul Hannan Chowdhury

Purpose This study aims to empirically examine the influence of CEO characteristics on the sustainability performance of listed banks in Bangladesh through the lens of upper echelons theory. Design/methodology/approach The authors estimated sustainability performance score based on a hand collected data set from the annual report and sustainability reports of the Bangladeshi listed banks. Following Clarkson et al. (2008), the sustainability index developed by Ong et al. (2016) and the G4 sustainability reporting standards of the global reporting initiative (GRI), a unique scoring index was developed to gather and assess sustainability data from listed banks. A panel regression analysis model is used to investigate the impact of CEO attributes on sustainability performance. Findings The findings of this study reveal that higher academic qualifications, greater industry experience and a longer tenure of the CEO have a significant and positive impact on the sustainable performance of the Bangladeshi listed banks. Furthermore, this study reveals that Bangladeshi listed banks are considerably behind in implementing the sustainability recommendations of Bangladesh Bank. Originality/value This study provides new evidence of how CEOs’ attributes can affect the sustainability reporting of Bangladeshi listed banks. Furthermore, this study measures the real contribution towards sustainability performance compared with the general claims about sustainability made by listed banks in Bangladesh.

本研究旨在通过上层梯队理论的视角，实证检验CEO特征对孟加拉国上市银行可持续发展绩效的影响。设计/方法/方法作者根据从孟加拉国上市银行的年度报告和可持续发展报告中手工收集的数据集估计了可持续发展绩效得分。继Clarkson et al.(2008)、Ong et al.(2016)开发的可持续发展指数和全球报告倡议组织(GRI)的G4可持续发展报告标准之后，开发了一个独特的评分指标来收集和评估上市银行的可持续发展数据。采用面板回归分析模型考察CEO属性对可持续发展绩效的影响。研究结果表明，较高的学历、较高的行业经验和较长的CEO任期对孟加拉国上市银行的可持续绩效有显著的积极影响。此外，本研究表明，孟加拉国上市银行在实施孟加拉国银行的可持续性建议方面相当落后。独创性/价值本研究为ceo属性如何影响孟加拉国上市银行的可持续发展报告提供了新的证据。此外，本研究衡量了对可持续发展绩效的实际贡献，与孟加拉国上市银行对可持续发展的一般主张进行了比较。

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引用次数: 0

Debt maturity structure, credit ratings and audit fees: new evidence 债务期限结构、信用评级和审计费用:新证据

Q2 BUSINESS, FINANCE

Accounting Research Journal

Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1108/arj-10-2022-0261

Solomon Opare, Md. Borhan Uddin Bhuiyan

Purpose This research aims to revisit Gul and Goodwin (2010), which focuses on exploring the relationship between debt maturity structure, credit ratings and audit fees. Furthermore, the authors investigate whether this association varies based on firm size, firm life cycle and financial reporting quality. Design/methodology/approach To investigate the research question, the authors use an extended sample period, 2004–2017, in comparison to the sample period, 2003–2006, used in Gul and Goodwin (2010). The authors use ordinary least squares regression as a baseline methodology along with two-stage least-squares regression and change analysis to control for endogeneity concerns. Findings According to Gul and Goodwin (2010), auditors charge lower audit fees for firms with higher short-maturity debt and better credit ratings, indicating a lower likelihood of financial misreporting. Further, Gul and Goodwin (2010) find that lower credit rated firms benefit more from short-term debt. Primarily, the findings are consistent with Gul and Goodwin (2010) and provide further evidence that the beneficial effects of short-maturity debt for firms with poor ratings are evident for small firms, firms in the growth stage of their life cycle and firms with poor earnings quality. Practical implications The findings imply that practitioners in the audit profession and investors should take a more nuanced and comprehensive approach to varied firm and financial factors, taking into consideration the intricate relationships between many elements impacting a firm’s financial health. As a result, audit professionals may give more accurate appraisals of a firm’s financial condition, and investors can make better investment decisions. Originality/value The authors reconfirm the findings of Gul and Goodwin (2010) using an extended sample. The findings are novel, which evidence that the lower audit fees for rated firms with short-maturity debt are moderated by firm size, life cycle and financial reporting quality.

本研究旨在回顾Gul和Goodwin(2010)关于债务期限结构、信用评级和审计费用之间关系的研究。此外，作者还研究了这种关联是否因公司规模、公司生命周期和财务报告质量而异。为了调查研究问题，作者使用了2004-2017年的延长样本期，与Gul和Goodwin(2010)中使用的2003-2006年的样本期相比。作者使用普通最小二乘回归作为基线方法，以及两阶段最小二乘回归和变化分析来控制内生性问题。根据Gul和Goodwin(2010)的研究，审计师对短期债务较高、信用评级较好的公司收取的审计费用较低，这表明财务误报的可能性较低。此外，Gul和Goodwin(2010)发现，信用评级较低的企业从短期债务中获益更多。首先，研究结果与Gul和Goodwin(2010)一致，并提供了进一步的证据，证明短期债务对评级较差的公司的有利影响对小企业、处于生命周期成长期的公司和盈利质量较差的公司来说是明显的。研究结果表明，审计行业的从业人员和投资者应该采取更细致和全面的方法来处理各种公司和财务因素，考虑到影响公司财务健康的许多因素之间的复杂关系。因此，审计专业人员可以对公司的财务状况给出更准确的评估，投资者可以做出更好的投资决策。原创性/价值作者使用扩展样本再次确认了Gul和Goodwin(2010)的发现。这一发现是新颖的，它证明了短期债务评级公司较低的审计费用受到公司规模、生命周期和财务报告质量的影响。

{"title":"Debt maturity structure, credit ratings and audit fees: new evidence","authors":"Solomon Opare, Md. Borhan Uddin Bhuiyan","doi":"10.1108/arj-10-2022-0261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/arj-10-2022-0261","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose This research aims to revisit Gul and Goodwin (2010), which focuses on exploring the relationship between debt maturity structure, credit ratings and audit fees. Furthermore, the authors investigate whether this association varies based on firm size, firm life cycle and financial reporting quality. Design/methodology/approach To investigate the research question, the authors use an extended sample period, 2004–2017, in comparison to the sample period, 2003–2006, used in Gul and Goodwin (2010). The authors use ordinary least squares regression as a baseline methodology along with two-stage least-squares regression and change analysis to control for endogeneity concerns. Findings According to Gul and Goodwin (2010), auditors charge lower audit fees for firms with higher short-maturity debt and better credit ratings, indicating a lower likelihood of financial misreporting. Further, Gul and Goodwin (2010) find that lower credit rated firms benefit more from short-term debt. Primarily, the findings are consistent with Gul and Goodwin (2010) and provide further evidence that the beneficial effects of short-maturity debt for firms with poor ratings are evident for small firms, firms in the growth stage of their life cycle and firms with poor earnings quality. Practical implications The findings imply that practitioners in the audit profession and investors should take a more nuanced and comprehensive approach to varied firm and financial factors, taking into consideration the intricate relationships between many elements impacting a firm’s financial health. As a result, audit professionals may give more accurate appraisals of a firm’s financial condition, and investors can make better investment decisions. Originality/value The authors reconfirm the findings of Gul and Goodwin (2010) using an extended sample. The findings are novel, which evidence that the lower audit fees for rated firms with short-maturity debt are moderated by firm size, life cycle and financial reporting quality.","PeriodicalId":45591,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Research Journal","volume":"54 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134992921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Remote auditing and its impacts on auditors’ work and work-life balance: auditors’ perceptions and implications 远程审计及其对审核员工作和工作生活平衡的影响:审核员的看法和含义

Q2 BUSINESS, FINANCE

Accounting Research Journal

Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1108/arj-06-2023-0158

Johan Ingemar Lorentzon, Lazarus Elad Fotoh, Tatenda Mugwira

Purpose This paper aims to explore the impacts of remote auditing on auditors’ work and work-life balance. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopted a qualitative online survey approach using open-ended reflections from 98 highly experienced auditors. The survey design aligns with a “Big Q” approach to qualitative data. The reflections were interpreted through the theoretical lens of the social presence theory. Findings Auditors underscore that remote auditing has improved their work-life balance since it offers flexibility, greater autonomy and efficient use of time. However, they believe less social contact due to remote auditing can hurt their work. Research limitations/implications This study aimed to holistically comprehend the concept of work-life balance in a remote auditing setting. Therefore, the study refrained from making comparisons based on demographic information (e.g. gender, experience and type of audit firm). Practical implications The findings highlight the need for adopting flexible work arrangements that prioritise auditors’ well-being. This is critical for making the audit profession attractive and enhancing overall audit quality. Updated regulatory guidance and controls are needed concerning the use of technologies in remote auditing to ensure high-quality audits. Social implications The findings of this study can positively reshape public perception of the audit profession. Firstly, enhanced work-life balance can improve audit quality. Secondly, incorporating emerging technologies in auditing can result in society perceiving auditors as adaptive to innovation and technological advancement that has been touted for their potential for enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of audit and audit quality, potentially enhancing societal trust in auditing. Originality/value The findings of this study complement the auditing literature that has mainly focused on the traditional work paradigm, requiring in-person presence. The authors identify potential challenges emanating from auditors’ remote work and propose solutions for audit firms to improve work-life balance in a remote work setting.

目的探讨远程审计对审计人员工作和工作生活平衡的影响。设计/方法/方法本文采用定性在线调查方法，使用98名经验丰富的审计员的开放式反思。调查设计与定性数据的“大Q”方法一致。这些反思是通过社会在场理论的理论视角来解释的。审计人员强调，远程审计改善了他们的工作与生活平衡，因为它提供了灵活性、更大的自主权和更有效的时间利用。然而，他们认为远程审计导致的社交接触减少会影响他们的工作。研究局限/启示本研究旨在全面理解远程审计环境下工作与生活平衡的概念。因此，这项研究没有根据人口资料(例如性别、经验和审计公司类型)进行比较。研究结果强调需要采用灵活的工作安排，优先考虑审计人员的福祉。这对于提高审计职业的吸引力和提高整体审计质量至关重要。需要更新有关远程审计技术使用的监管指导和控制，以确保高质量的审计。本研究的结果可以积极地重塑公众对审计职业的看法。首先，提高工作与生活的平衡可以提高审计质量。其次，将新兴技术纳入审计可以使社会认为审计师适应创新和技术进步，这些创新和技术进步被吹捧为提高审计效率和有效性以及审计质量的潜力，从而潜在地增强社会对审计的信任。独创性/价值本研究的发现补充了审计文献，这些文献主要关注传统的工作范式，需要亲自在场。作者确定了审计人员远程工作带来的潜在挑战，并为审计公司提出了解决方案，以改善远程工作环境下的工作与生活平衡。

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引用次数: 0

Islamic banks’ Sharia compliance disclosure: an international evidence 伊斯兰银行的伊斯兰教法合规披露:一个国际证据

Q2 BUSINESS, FINANCE

Accounting Research Journal

Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1108/arj-07-2022-0157

Abdelhafid Benamraoui, Tantawy Moussa, Mostafa Hussien Alsohagy

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the disparity and compliance of information disclosures in Islamic banks (IBs). Specifically, the research examines IBs’ compliance with Sharia disclosure requirements. Design/methodology/approach To determine the extent of disclosures and compliance with Islamic business principles, content analysis is applied to the annual reports of a sample of IBs from 11 countries. A comprehensive reporting framework has also been developed to assess the transparency and compliance of IBs with Islamic business principles. Institutional theory and core Islamic principles are used to inform the study and its findings. Findings The results reveal that IBs demonstrate limited transparency on the key Sharia compliance issues, and there is a wide variation in the level of reporting across the countries studied. Moreover, the authors find that IBs located in the single integrated regulatory framework (RF) countries disclose more information, followed by those located in dual RF countries and then those located in Islamic RF countries. Originality/value This study presents a unique and comprehensive framework to assess the areas of Sharia disclosure by IBs and provides a conceptual rationing for the actual level of IBs’ Sharia reporting. This study also fills a significant gap in the literature, as most studies in this field are based on a single-country study. The results are deemed of direct relevance to IBs’ managers, investors, policymakers, regulators and the wider public, particularly in the Muslim world.

目的探讨伊斯兰银行信息披露的差异性和合规性。具体而言，该研究考察了ib对伊斯兰教法披露要求的遵守情况。设计/方法/方法为了确定披露的程度和对伊斯兰商业原则的遵守程度，对来自11个国家的ib样本的年度报告应用了内容分析。还制定了一个全面的报告框架，以评估ib的透明度和遵守伊斯兰商业原则的情况。制度理论和核心伊斯兰原则被用来为研究及其结果提供信息。研究结果显示，ib在关键的伊斯兰教法合规问题上表现出有限的透明度，而且在所研究的国家中，报告的水平存在很大差异。此外，作者发现，位于单一综合监管框架(RF)国家的ib披露的信息更多，其次是位于双重RF国家的ib，然后是位于伊斯兰RF国家的ib。原创性/价值本研究提出了一个独特而全面的框架来评估ib披露伊斯兰教法的领域，并为ib伊斯兰教法报告的实际水平提供了一个概念性定量。该研究还填补了文献中的一个重大空白，因为该领域的大多数研究都是基于单个国家的研究。调查结果被认为与国际投资银行的管理者、投资者、政策制定者、监管机构以及更广泛的公众(尤其是穆斯林世界的公众)直接相关。

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引用次数: 0

Q2 BUSINESS, FINANCE

Accounting Research Journal

Pub Date : 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.1108/arj-03-2023-0073

Baban Eulaiwi, Al-Hadi Ahmed Al-Hadi, Lien Duong, Brian Perrin, Grantley Taylor

Purpose This study aims to investigate the relation between firms’ use of related party transactions (RPTs) and cost of debt (COD) in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Design/methodology/approach The authors obtain data from annual reports and the Standard and Poor’s Capital IQ database over the period 2005–2016 period of nonfinancial publicly listed firms on the UAE, KSA, Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait and Qatar stock exchanges. Using a final sample of 1,810 firm-year observations, the authors empirically assess the relation between strategic use of RPTs, the COD issuance and the moderating effects of governance mechanisms. Findings The authors find that high levels of total RPTs and purchase-based RPTs increase firms’ COD. Furthermore, propping of sales through increased sale-based RPTs is found not to have a significant effect on firms’ COD. The authors also find that ownership factors pertaining to family member founding and royal family ownership negatively moderate the association between the firm’s RPTs and COD. Additionally, the voluntary formation of executive committees has a positive and significant mediating effect on the relation between firms’ purchase-based RPTs and COD. The results are robust to several additional tests and alternative measurement specifications. Research limitations/implications The positive relationship between purchase-based RPTs and firm financing costs is magnified in countries with high quality of RPT disclosures. This has implications for funding of GCC entities by governments and financial institutions. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine how wealth transfer via RPTs in the GCC region is associated with higher COD. The authors also contribute to the outcome of emerging governance regimes in the GCC, which could impact the level of credit risk and/or default risk faced by a firm and, thus, the relation between RPTs and COD. In doing so, the authors provide a more nuanced study by investigating the potential channels that could account for such a relation in an emerging market setting.

本研究旨在探讨海湾合作委员会(GCC)国家企业使用关联方交易(RPTs)与债务成本(COD)之间的关系。作者从阿联酋、沙特阿拉伯、阿曼、巴林、科威特和卡塔尔证券交易所的非金融上市公司2005-2016年的年度报告和标准普尔资本智商数据库中获取数据。利用1810个公司年观察的最终样本，作者实证评估了RPTs的战略使用、COD发行和治理机制的调节效应之间的关系。作者发现，高水平的总RPTs和基于采购的RPTs增加了企业的COD。此外，通过增加基于销售的RPTs来支持销售对企业的COD没有显著影响。作者还发现，与家族成员创立和王室所有权相关的所有权因素负向调节了公司RPTs与COD之间的关系。此外，执行委员会自愿组成对企业采购型绩效与COD之间的关系具有显著的正向中介作用。结果对一些额外的测试和替代的测量规范是稳健的。研究局限/启示:在RPT披露质量高的国家，基于采购的RPT与企业融资成本之间的正相关关系被放大。这对各国政府和金融机构为海湾合作委员会实体提供资金产生了影响。据作者所知，本研究首次考察了海湾合作委员会地区通过rpt进行的财富转移与较高的COD之间的关系。作者还对海湾合作委员会新兴治理制度的结果做出了贡献，这些制度可能会影响公司面临的信用风险和/或违约风险水平，从而影响rpt与COD之间的关系。在此过程中，作者通过调查在新兴市场环境中可能解释这种关系的潜在渠道，提供了一项更细致入微的研究。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of CEO age on a firm’s choice of global reporting initiative: moderating role of board social capital CEO年龄对公司全球报告计划选择的影响:董事会社会资本的调节作用

Q2 BUSINESS, FINANCE

Accounting Research Journal

Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1108/arj-02-2022-0050

Muhammad Jameel Hussain, Gaoliang Tian, Umair Bin Yousaf, Junyan Li

Purpose This study aims to explore the impact of the chief executive officer’s (CEO) age on adopting global reporting initiative (GRI) framework for corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting. It also underlines how board social capital moderates the relationship between CEO age and the adoption of the GRI framework. Design/methodology/approach Chinese A-listed companies during 2010–2018 were used. The authors applied a logistic regression model due to the binary nature of the dependent variable. For robustness, two-step generalized method of moments (GMM) and lagged independent variables are used. Findings The study finds that CEO age negatively impacts the firm’s choice of GRI reporting framework. The social capital of the board positively moderates this relationship. This finding is based on the notion that as a CEO grows older or headed toward retirement age, his/her interest in CSR diminishes due to a shorter career horizon. Boards with external links provide better advice on CSR issues and mitigate the negative impact of CEO age. Practical implications The study results are important for understanding the GRI framework’s development and implementation, particularly in China. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that deeply examines how CEO age affects GRI adoption in the Chinese context and how the board’s social capital moderates this relationship.

本研究旨在探讨首席执行官(CEO)年龄对采用全球报告倡议(GRI)框架进行企业社会责任(CSR)报告的影响。它还强调了董事会社会资本如何调节CEO年龄与采用GRI框架之间的关系。采用2010-2018年中国a股上市公司的设计/方法/方法。由于因变量的二元性，作者采用了逻辑回归模型。为了提高鲁棒性，采用了两步广义矩量法(GMM)和滞后自变量。研究发现，CEO年龄对公司对GRI报告框架的选择有负向影响。董事会的社会资本正向调节这一关系。这一发现是基于这样一种观念，即随着CEO年龄的增长或接近退休年龄，他/她对企业社会责任的兴趣会随着职业生涯的缩短而减弱。拥有外部链接的董事会可以在企业社会责任问题上提供更好的建议，并减轻CEO年龄的负面影响。研究结果对理解GRI框架的发展和实施具有重要意义，特别是在中国。据作者所知，这是第一个深入探讨中国背景下CEO年龄如何影响GRI采用以及董事会社会资本如何调节这种关系的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Busy CEOs and audit fees: evidence from Indonesia 繁忙的ceo和审计费用:来自印尼的证据

Q2 BUSINESS, FINANCE

Accounting Research Journal

Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1108/arj-01-2023-0003

Iman Harymawan, Fiona Vista Putri, Melinda Cahyaning Ratri, Mohammad Nasih

Purpose A company needs to use auditing procedures to ensure the reliability of financial statements while also providing transparency to stakeholders. The extent of risk associated with the company depends on the directors’ involvement in its daily operations. This paper aims to study the relationship between busy chief executive officers (CEOs) and audit fees. Design/methodology/approach This study uses 1,037 data samples from companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2010 until 2018. It adopts the ordinary least squares method to test the hypothesis. Furthermore, this study performs robustness tests, such as propensity score matching (PSM) and Heckman’s two-stage least square tests (Heckman, 1979), to address the endogeneity issues. Findings This study finds that the appearance of a busy CEO in a company will significantly increase the audit fee. It also concludes that a long tenure of a busy CEO will substantially weaken the positive relationship between the CEO and the audit fee. However, this study discovers that, in a company with a busy CEO, a monitoring mechanism through the independent commissioner and risk management committee will only help to maximize the firm’s practical risk evaluation a little. This result is robust because the PSM and Heckman tests display consistent results, so it is free from endogeneity issues. Practical implications This study is valuable for theoretical and practical development in Indonesia. Due to the minimum regulation about multiple positions on boards in Indonesia, the shareholders must be aware of the need to choose a board with more skill and commitment to improve the position of the company. This result also warns the C-level of the company to pay more attention to its risk-monitoring process to make it more effective and efficient. Originality/value Indonesia is one of the countries that have implemented the two-tier governance system. With the minimum regulation about multiple directorships in Indonesia, this study offers new insights into how a busy CEO will be related to the audit outcomes.

公司需要使用审计程序来确保财务报表的可靠性，同时也为利益相关者提供透明度。与公司相关的风险程度取决于董事对公司日常运营的参与程度。本文旨在研究忙碌的首席执行官与审计费用之间的关系。设计/方法/方法本研究使用了2010年至2018年在印度尼西亚证券交易所上市的1,037个数据样本。采用普通最小二乘法对假设进行检验。此外，本研究还进行了稳健性检验，如倾向得分匹配(PSM)和Heckman的两阶段最小二乘检验(Heckman, 1979)，以解决内质性问题。本研究发现，在公司中出现忙碌的CEO会显著增加审计费用。研究还得出结论，如果CEO的任期过长，那么CEO与审计费用之间的正相关关系将被大大削弱。然而，本研究发现，在CEO忙碌的公司中，通过独立专员和风险管理委员会的监督机制对公司实际风险评估的最大化帮助不大。这个结果是稳健的，因为PSM和Heckman测试显示一致的结果，所以它是自由的内生性问题。本研究对印尼的理论和实践发展具有重要意义。由于印度尼西亚对董事会中多个职位的最低规定，股东必须意识到需要选择一个更有技能和承诺的董事会来改善公司的地位。这一结果也警示公司的c层要更加重视其风险监控过程，使其更加有效和高效。印尼是实施双层治理体系的国家之一。鉴于印尼对多董事职位的监管最低，本研究为了解忙碌的首席执行官与审计结果之间的关系提供了新的见解。

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