Case Reports in Pathology最新文献

Bronchiolar adenoma (BA) is a rare lung tumor that has recently been clearly named, including the previous ciliated muconodular papillary tumor (CMPT) and the so-called nonclassical CMPT. The most prominent histological feature of BA is a double-layer cell structure composed of a continuous basal cell layer and a luminal cell layer. BA lined purely by mucinous luminal cells is very rare, and only one case has been reported in the English literature. This type of BA can easily be misdiagnosed as early mucinous adenocarcinoma. This article analyzes the clinicopathological characteristics of a newly discovered case of BA lined purely by mucinous luminal cells and fully integrated with the literatures.

Introduction. Assessment of axillary lymph nodes in breast carcinoma is an important part of staging to guide appropriate clinical management. Lymph node inclusions of different types, including nevoid, squamous, and glandular, are rare but have been reported in multiple different anatomic locations including the axilla. These can result in diagnostic challenges and pose risks of misdiagnoses. Rarely, malignancies may arise intrinsic to otherwise incidental benign nodal inclusions. Case Presentation. We report a case of ductal carcinoma diagnosed within a squamous epithelial inclusion cyst within an axillary lymph node in a patient with pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the ipsilateral right breast. To our knowledge, this is the fifth report in the literature of breast carcinoma confirmed within an axillary inclusion in a patient with pure DCIS. Evaluation of the primary DCIS and lymph node inclusions, by routine and immunohistochemical stains, was performed for assessment. Discussion. The presence of lymph node inclusions can pose a challenge in assessment of benignity and malignancy, on frozen and permanent histologic sections. Pathologists should carefully evaluate lymph node inclusions to ensure that intrinsic malignancies are not missed within rare otherwise benign appearing incidental epithelial rests.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL NOS) is the most common lymphoid malignancy in the Western world and classically presents as a rapidly enlarging nodal or extranodal mass. Cutaneous involvement by systemic DLBCL NOS is an infrequent clinical presentation, encountered in only 1.5-3.5% of cases, while disseminated cutaneous disease with multiple subcutaneous nodules at the time of diagnosis is unusual and can present a diagnostic challenge. The differential diagnosis when encountering a high-grade B-cell malignancy at a cutaneous site is broad and includes primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL), primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL-LT), high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements (HGBCL-MYC/BCL2), and other potential entities which must all be carefully considered before rendering a final diagnosis. In this report, we describe the case of a 69-year-old man who was seen at our hospital due to generalized weakness and was found to have multiple subcutaneous nodules representing disseminated DLBCL NOS. The case was complicated by concurrent monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis involving the bone marrow.

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST) is a rare benign renal neoplasm composed of epithelial and stromal components. Here, we report a 61-year-old woman presenting with a left complex cystic renal mass. The lesion was found incidentally on ultrasound for abdominal discomfort. CT scan and MRI showed a 7.4 cm complex cystic lesion in the left kidney. The differential diagnoses included complex renal cyst and cystic renal cell carcinoma. Laparoscopic nephrectomy showed a large 7.5 cm multicystic tumor with thick and thin septae and smooth walled-cysts containing clear watery fluid. Histologic examination showed variable sized cysts lined by flattened, cuboidal to columnar epithelium with focal hobnailing. No significant cytologic atypia or mitoses were noted. The cyst lining epithelium was positive for CK7 and high molecular weight cytokeratin (34Be12). The stroma was positive for alpha smooth muscle actin, CD10, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor. This report contributes an additional case to our collective knowledge of these lesions and summarizes the literature around these rare neoplasms.

While rare, coronary stent infections present with significant mortality-with most infections and further complications occurring within months of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Here, we discuss a post-COVID-19 patient who presented approximately one year after PCI for declotting of an arteriovenous graft (AVG). Upon admission, the patient was found to be bacteremic with multilobar pneumonia and an infection of the AVG. Empiric antibiotics were started, and blood cultures were subsequently positive for MRSA. Removal of the AVG was unsuccessful, and two days after admission, the patient passed. Autopsy revealed a perivascular abscess in the RCA near the origin of the stent with a ground section of the RCA with stent revealing abundant calcific atherosclerosis and marked necrosis of the artery wall. The cause of death was determined to be sepsis complicating coronary artery disease and chronic renal failure.

Inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP), initially considered a reactive process, is now recognized as a benign mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of a 68-year-old woman with medically refractory Crohn disease that presented with intussusception requiring surgical intervention. The resection revealed a jejunal mass consisting of a submucosal proliferation of bland spindle cells in a fibrous stroma infiltrated by numerous eosinophils. By immunohistochemistry, the lesion was positive for vimentin and negative for desmin, smooth muscle actin (SMA), S-100, CD117, DOG1, ALK (D5F3), Melan-A, HMB-45, CD34, and STAT6. Ki-67 proliferative index was low (<1%). The mass was classified as IFP by its characteristic morphology and associated eosinophilia. IFP should be considered in the differential diagnosis of adults with intussusception or bowel obstruction. Definitive treatment typically requires surgical resection of the involved bowel segment.

Signet-ring cell squamous cell carcinoma (SRCSCC) is an uncommon variant of cutaneous SCC that has been reported in the head and neck region. Herein, we present a case of a 56-year-old female with a cutaneous SCC that recurred after surgical excision, during treatment with cemiplimab (a programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitor). Histologically, the recurrent SCC revealed a second component characterized by the presence of signet-ring-like cells (SRLCs). Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that the tumor cells were positive for P63, CK5/6, CDX2, and P53 while negative for P16, CK7, CK20, and CD68 stains. An abnormal expression of B-catenin was also observed in the tumor. To our knowledge, SRCSCC developing during treatment with an immune checkpoint inhibitor has not been documented in the literature. Our findings suggest a form of acquired SCC cell resistance to immunotherapy that might involve CDX2-related pathways.

We describe two cases of rectal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in men that clinically mimicked rectal adenocarcinoma. Herpes infection in this location more commonly presents as an anal mass with viral inclusions in squamous epithelial cells. We report these cases to increase awareness of the unusual presentation as a proximal rectal mass with viral inclusions in endothelial cell nuclei. One patient was HIV-positive, and the other one had a history of having sex with men (MSM). Both patients had a thickened rectal wall with prominent lymphadenopathy on computed tomography (CT) scan, suspecting for malignancy. Biopsy showed abundant granulation tissue, necrosis, and inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of lymphocytes with admixed numerous plasma cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Rare granulation tissue vessels were lined by endothelial cells with nuclear molding and chromatin margination, and nuclei that were positive for HSV immunohistochemistry (IHC). One patient had confirmatory viral culture from biopsy of the ulcerated rectal mass. Both patients had symptom resolution following treatment for HSV. HSV should be considered in the differential diagnosis of rectal inflammatory masses, particularly in immunocompromised, HIV-positive, and MSM patients.

Female urethral adenocarcinoma (FUA) is extremely rare. It is an aggressive malignancy, and clear cell and columnar/mucinous ("intestinal") represent the two primary histologic subtypes. Diagnosis is often delayed in patients because of their vague symptomatology; hence, they present with an advanced disease and a poor prognosis. The rarity of FUA brings challenges when determining treatment and management, and treatment guidelines for various stages are lacking. We report an intestinal-type FUA that developed from inflammation-related metaplasia in urethral diverticulum with positive paired box 8 (PAX-8) staining. In addition to intestinal-type FUA being extremely rare, this particular entity exhibiting PAX-8 positivity has not been previously described, to the author's best knowledge. The present report highlights the importance of clinical and radiological assessment as well as histomorphologic and immunophenotypic features for an accurate diagnosis of this rare and aggressive malignancy.

Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLS) is typically found in the lower and upper extremities. PLS arising in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is extremely rare. Here, we reported a case of a 71-year-old female with a history of rectal adenocarcinoma presenting with small bowel obstruction. Small bowel resection was performed and revealed a 7.8 cm transmural mass in the jejunum. Histology reviewed a heterogenous epithelioid malignant tumor with intracytoplasmic fatty droplets scalloping the nucleus consistent with lipoblasts in some cells and others with numerous PAS/diastase+intracytoplasmic eosinophilic globules. Scattered multinucleated giant cells were also present. Mitotic count was up to 80/10 HPFs including some bizarre mitotic figures, and Ki67 proliferation index was approximately 60%. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the malignant cells were negative for pancytokeratin, CD117, DOG1, SMA, desmin, MyoD1, ERG1, CD34, CD31, SOX10, Melan A, and S100. INI1 was retained. Beta-catenin showed normal membranous staining. P53 was diffusely positive suggestive of mutant phenotype. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was negative for MDM2 amplification and DDIT3 rearrangement. The overall morphologic and immunohistochemical features supported a diagnosis of high-grade pleomorphic liposarcoma. Diagnosis of PLS can be challenging due to its rarity in GI tract and lack of specific biomarkers, and histomorphology with identification of lipoblasts remains the gold standard.