Pub Date : 2022-03-06DOI: 10.1080/16081625.2022.2047741
Bo Zhang, Ruixue Zhou, Limei Yang, Ximeng Zhang
ABSTRACT Using a sample of Chinese listed firms from 2007 to 2017, this study documents that corporate innovation is negatively associated with population aging, indicating that the aging workforce impedes corporate innovation. We further find evidence suggesting that education and stock-based incentive plans are two ways to alleviate the negative impact of population aging on corporate innovation. Our study complements existing research investigating the determinants of corporate innovation and extends the literature examining the economic consequences of population aging. This study also sheds light on the critical role of non-executive employees on corporate innovation.
{"title":"Population aging and corporate innovation: evidence from China","authors":"Bo Zhang, Ruixue Zhou, Limei Yang, Ximeng Zhang","doi":"10.1080/16081625.2022.2047741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2022.2047741","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Using a sample of Chinese listed firms from 2007 to 2017, this study documents that corporate innovation is negatively associated with population aging, indicating that the aging workforce impedes corporate innovation. We further find evidence suggesting that education and stock-based incentive plans are two ways to alleviate the negative impact of population aging on corporate innovation. Our study complements existing research investigating the determinants of corporate innovation and extends the literature examining the economic consequences of population aging. This study also sheds light on the critical role of non-executive employees on corporate innovation.","PeriodicalId":45890,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics","volume":"42 2 1","pages":"986 - 1007"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89160021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.1080/16081625.2022.2047742
Yanyu Chen, Lin Zhu, Zhihong Yi
ABSTRACT This study examines the effect of operating leverage on firms’ cash holdings. We find that operating leverage can effectively increase corporate cash holdings. This effect is more pronounced among the firms with higher operating risks and asset specificity, indicating that operating risks and adjustment costs are two critical channels through which operating leverage increases cash holdings. The positive effect of operating leverage on firm’s cash holdings is only significant among the firms whose sales revenue grows discontinuously and rejects the alternative explanation. Our further study identifies that operating leverage can enhance the positive effect of cash holdings on firm value.
{"title":"Operating leverage and corporate cash holdings: evidence from China","authors":"Yanyu Chen, Lin Zhu, Zhihong Yi","doi":"10.1080/16081625.2022.2047742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2022.2047742","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the effect of operating leverage on firms’ cash holdings. We find that operating leverage can effectively increase corporate cash holdings. This effect is more pronounced among the firms with higher operating risks and asset specificity, indicating that operating risks and adjustment costs are two critical channels through which operating leverage increases cash holdings. The positive effect of operating leverage on firm’s cash holdings is only significant among the firms whose sales revenue grows discontinuously and rejects the alternative explanation. Our further study identifies that operating leverage can enhance the positive effect of cash holdings on firm value.","PeriodicalId":45890,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"1008 - 1028"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75846417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1080/16081625.2022.2047743
Bo Zhang, Fan Ping, Limei Yang
ABSTRACT We examine the effect of managerial academic experience on tone management in the corporate annual report. We find that managerial academic experience reduces the likelihood of upward tone management. Furthermore, we find that the impact of academic experience on tone management is intensified when managers have stronger incentives to upwardly manage financial reporting tone and when the outside monitoring environment is weaker. The results hold under a variety of robustness tests. This study enriches the relevant research on executive characteristics and tone management, and the conclusion of this paper provides practical implications to improve the quality of information disclosure.
{"title":"Managerial academic experience and tone management: evidence from China","authors":"Bo Zhang, Fan Ping, Limei Yang","doi":"10.1080/16081625.2022.2047743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2022.2047743","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We examine the effect of managerial academic experience on tone management in the corporate annual report. We find that managerial academic experience reduces the likelihood of upward tone management. Furthermore, we find that the impact of academic experience on tone management is intensified when managers have stronger incentives to upwardly manage financial reporting tone and when the outside monitoring environment is weaker. The results hold under a variety of robustness tests. This study enriches the relevant research on executive characteristics and tone management, and the conclusion of this paper provides practical implications to improve the quality of information disclosure.","PeriodicalId":45890,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics","volume":"28 1","pages":"1104 - 1119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78381567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-04DOI: 10.1080/16081625.2022.2030772
Hassan Mari, A. Talpur, Muhammad Abbass, Muhammad Adil Keerio
ABSTRACT Pakistan is one of the developing countries, whose investors invest out in diversifying long-term portfolio investments in unpredictable nature of the international market. The long-term viewpoint is lacking a systematic study from a perspective of economic indicators (inflation, interest and exchange rate). To address this gap the study attempt to develop a framework for investors of Pakistan by using inferential statistics and Sharp’s performance (SHP) techniques. The findings perceived influence of economic indicators on long-term portfolio investment (based on holdings: Stock and Bond), results indicated USA with (high-risk high return) and UAE (low-risk low return) and find both countries best investment option to invest for long term.
{"title":"The impact of economic indicators on an international financial diversification: a long term investment approach","authors":"Hassan Mari, A. Talpur, Muhammad Abbass, Muhammad Adil Keerio","doi":"10.1080/16081625.2022.2030772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2022.2030772","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pakistan is one of the developing countries, whose investors invest out in diversifying long-term portfolio investments in unpredictable nature of the international market. The long-term viewpoint is lacking a systematic study from a perspective of economic indicators (inflation, interest and exchange rate). To address this gap the study attempt to develop a framework for investors of Pakistan by using inferential statistics and Sharp’s performance (SHP) techniques. The findings perceived influence of economic indicators on long-term portfolio investment (based on holdings: Stock and Bond), results indicated USA with (high-risk high return) and UAE (low-risk low return) and find both countries best investment option to invest for long term.","PeriodicalId":45890,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics","volume":"144 1","pages":"804 - 819"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73912215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-24DOI: 10.1080/16081625.2022.2026230
Jiamei Wu, Zhibin Chen
ABSTRACT This paper investigates the impact of corruption culture on corporate social responsibility (CSR) of listed firms in China. Based on the theory of resource constraints, we find that firms located in regions with high levels of corruption culture have lower CSR, and this association still exists after using alternative measures of corruption culture and addressing potential endogeneity. Besides, we complement the literature by showing that the decrease in CSR is greater for firms with stronger political connections. Finally, we document that this negative relationship is mediated by the increase in rent-seeking and self-consumption. This study has important implications for countries that suffer from corruption and firms that intend to get rid of the influence of corruption.
{"title":"Corruption culture and corporate social responsibility: evidence from China","authors":"Jiamei Wu, Zhibin Chen","doi":"10.1080/16081625.2022.2026230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2022.2026230","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper investigates the impact of corruption culture on corporate social responsibility (CSR) of listed firms in China. Based on the theory of resource constraints, we find that firms located in regions with high levels of corruption culture have lower CSR, and this association still exists after using alternative measures of corruption culture and addressing potential endogeneity. Besides, we complement the literature by showing that the decrease in CSR is greater for firms with stronger political connections. Finally, we document that this negative relationship is mediated by the increase in rent-seeking and self-consumption. This study has important implications for countries that suffer from corruption and firms that intend to get rid of the influence of corruption.","PeriodicalId":45890,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics","volume":"18 1","pages":"1286 - 1304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77841311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.1080/16081625.2022.2026231
Huijie Cui, Yu Li, Ye Sun, Yanan Zhang
ABSTRACT This study uses hand-collected data regarding bank loan terms for Chinese listed firms to investigate whether and how a concentrated customer base affects bank loan contracting. We find that a more concentrated customer base reduces suppliers’ credit risk, which results in more favorable bank loan contracting terms (i.e. lower interest rates, longer maturities, and larger loan sizes). Furthermore, we provide evidence that increased operational efficiency, reduced information risk and default risk are possible channels through which customer concentration reduces bank loan contracting costs. The results are robust to a set of additional tests. Overall, our findings document the benefits of customer concentration in developing countries such as China and reveal how this benefit is priced into bank loan contract terms.
{"title":"Customer concentration and bank loan contracting: evidence from China","authors":"Huijie Cui, Yu Li, Ye Sun, Yanan Zhang","doi":"10.1080/16081625.2022.2026231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2022.2026231","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study uses hand-collected data regarding bank loan terms for Chinese listed firms to investigate whether and how a concentrated customer base affects bank loan contracting. We find that a more concentrated customer base reduces suppliers’ credit risk, which results in more favorable bank loan contracting terms (i.e. lower interest rates, longer maturities, and larger loan sizes). Furthermore, we provide evidence that increased operational efficiency, reduced information risk and default risk are possible channels through which customer concentration reduces bank loan contracting costs. The results are robust to a set of additional tests. Overall, our findings document the benefits of customer concentration in developing countries such as China and reveal how this benefit is priced into bank loan contract terms.","PeriodicalId":45890,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics","volume":"58 1","pages":"1264 - 1285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80448878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-12DOI: 10.1080/16081625.2022.2026232
Xuejiao Zhang, Limei Cao, Wanfu Li, Qing Zhao, Lingwei Li
ABSTRACT We examine audit firms’ responses to increased legal liability. Using audit-effort data in China, we find audit firms increase audit effort when they are forced to switch from limited liability corporations (LLCs) to limited liability partnerships (LLPs). Audit fees also increase after the switch from LLCs to LLPs. Furthermore, we show the increase in audit effort is greater for clients that are in financial distress and for clients that report higher discretionary accruals. Overall, our study suggests audit firms respond to increased legal liability by increasing their audit effort, and the increase in audit effort is more pronounced for risky clients.
{"title":"Does litigation risk increase audit effort?","authors":"Xuejiao Zhang, Limei Cao, Wanfu Li, Qing Zhao, Lingwei Li","doi":"10.1080/16081625.2022.2026232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2022.2026232","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We examine audit firms’ responses to increased legal liability. Using audit-effort data in China, we find audit firms increase audit effort when they are forced to switch from limited liability corporations (LLCs) to limited liability partnerships (LLPs). Audit fees also increase after the switch from LLCs to LLPs. Furthermore, we show the increase in audit effort is greater for clients that are in financial distress and for clients that report higher discretionary accruals. Overall, our study suggests audit firms respond to increased legal liability by increasing their audit effort, and the increase in audit effort is more pronounced for risky clients.","PeriodicalId":45890,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics","volume":"117 1","pages":"951 - 970"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77033298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-07DOI: 10.1080/16081625.2021.2023025
Shaner Chu, Erin Oldford
ABSTRACT In this study, we investigate if board composition, namely board gender diversity, constitutes a pathway to more efficient allocation of capital through greater restraint in R&D activities of Chinese-listed companies. Assessing a large panel of Chinese listed firms over the period of 2009–2017, we find a negative relation between board gender diversity and firms’ innovation inputs and outputs. Boards with more female directors exhibit lower investment inefficiency, resulting in better allocating firms’ resources and higher firm performance. This effect is accentuated in state-owned firms, illustrating that female directors help reduce firms’ investment inefficiency especially those controlled by state.
{"title":"Female directors, R&D activities and firms’ investment efficiency: evidence from China","authors":"Shaner Chu, Erin Oldford","doi":"10.1080/16081625.2021.2023025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2021.2023025","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, we investigate if board composition, namely board gender diversity, constitutes a pathway to more efficient allocation of capital through greater restraint in R&D activities of Chinese-listed companies. Assessing a large panel of Chinese listed firms over the period of 2009–2017, we find a negative relation between board gender diversity and firms’ innovation inputs and outputs. Boards with more female directors exhibit lower investment inefficiency, resulting in better allocating firms’ resources and higher firm performance. This effect is accentuated in state-owned firms, illustrating that female directors help reduce firms’ investment inefficiency especially those controlled by state.","PeriodicalId":45890,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics","volume":"24 1","pages":"890 - 911"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84585283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-06DOI: 10.1080/16081625.2021.2020665
Ting Zhang, G. Tian, Hua Feng
ABSTRACT Using 107,411 firm-quarter observations from 2004 to 2017, we find that managers are less likely to report non-GAAP earnings with the increase of stock price informativeness, suggesting that information from stock prices discourages non-GAAP reporting from firm managers. We further show that stock price informativeness influences managerial incentive of non-GAAP reporting through two channels: (a) direct monitoring and (b) the improvement in the information environment. Accordingly, we find that the constraining effect is more pronounced when a firm’s monitoring mechanisms are weak and when the pre-disclosure information environments are poor. In addition, we find that the quality of non-GAAP earnings improves with the increase of stock price informativeness. Collectively, our results are consistent with the notion that information from the secondary stock price plays an important role in guiding managerial non-GAAP earnings disclosures.
{"title":"Role of stock price informativeness in shaping non-GAAP earnings disclosures","authors":"Ting Zhang, G. Tian, Hua Feng","doi":"10.1080/16081625.2021.2020665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2021.2020665","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Using 107,411 firm-quarter observations from 2004 to 2017, we find that managers are less likely to report non-GAAP earnings with the increase of stock price informativeness, suggesting that information from stock prices discourages non-GAAP reporting from firm managers. We further show that stock price informativeness influences managerial incentive of non-GAAP reporting through two channels: (a) direct monitoring and (b) the improvement in the information environment. Accordingly, we find that the constraining effect is more pronounced when a firm’s monitoring mechanisms are weak and when the pre-disclosure information environments are poor. In addition, we find that the quality of non-GAAP earnings improves with the increase of stock price informativeness. Collectively, our results are consistent with the notion that information from the secondary stock price plays an important role in guiding managerial non-GAAP earnings disclosures.","PeriodicalId":45890,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics","volume":"11 1","pages":"266 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79456456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.1080/16081625.2021.2020667
Xin Yang, Minghui Li, Yujie Yang
ABSTRACT This study explores the relationship between signing auditors’ experience and client investment efficiency in the Chinese stock market. After controlling for firm-level, audit firm-level, and other individual characteristics, results show that it is signing auditors’ industry experience, rather than total experience, that significantly restrains client investment inefficiency, including over- and under-investment. This means that industry-specific experience may be the important experience affecting client investment behavior. The mechanism test results also show that experienced auditors can enhance client investment efficiency not only by playing an information role, through which they reduce over- and under-investment, but also partly through a financing channel to mitigate under-investment and a monitoring channel to restrict over-investment, respectively. Further analyses suggest that the effect of signing auditors’ industry experience on client investment efficiency is more pronounced for firms audited by large audit firms, those audited by expertise audit firms, and those located in the region with higher level of marketization. Overall, this study provides evidence related to the economic consequences of auditor experience at the individual level, thus extending the related literature.
{"title":"Signing auditors’ experience and client investment efficiency","authors":"Xin Yang, Minghui Li, Yujie Yang","doi":"10.1080/16081625.2021.2020667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2021.2020667","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study explores the relationship between signing auditors’ experience and client investment efficiency in the Chinese stock market. After controlling for firm-level, audit firm-level, and other individual characteristics, results show that it is signing auditors’ industry experience, rather than total experience, that significantly restrains client investment inefficiency, including over- and under-investment. This means that industry-specific experience may be the important experience affecting client investment behavior. The mechanism test results also show that experienced auditors can enhance client investment efficiency not only by playing an information role, through which they reduce over- and under-investment, but also partly through a financing channel to mitigate under-investment and a monitoring channel to restrict over-investment, respectively. Further analyses suggest that the effect of signing auditors’ industry experience on client investment efficiency is more pronounced for firms audited by large audit firms, those audited by expertise audit firms, and those located in the region with higher level of marketization. Overall, this study provides evidence related to the economic consequences of auditor experience at the individual level, thus extending the related literature.","PeriodicalId":45890,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics","volume":"421 1","pages":"1444 - 1476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79843243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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