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Sarcina ventriculi associated gastritis. 腹腔肉芽肿伴有胃炎。
IF 3.5 Q1 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-927
Rida Noor, Muhammad Ahsan, Fnu Poombal, Samina Zaman
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 and lung cancer. COVID-19 与肺癌
IF 3.5 Q1 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-908
Laura Melocchi, Maria Cecilia Mengoli, Giuseppe Bogina, Mattia Facchetti, Federica Migliorati, Laura Gandolfi, Giulio Rossi

COVID-19 pandemic had affected health services around the world, also reducing the diagnosis of lung cancer. On the other hand, examination of surgical specimens in patients with lung cancer and SARS-CoV-2 gave the opportunity to evidence early histologic features related to this emerging pandemic.

Different prioritization of health organizations during COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant decline of lung cancer screening (up to 56%), delayed diagnosis (up to 30-40%) and higher advanced stage, with some exceptions (i.e., Canada). Increased use of stereotactic radiation treatments in stage I-IIA have been noticed in better-organized health systems. Surgical specimens performed for lung cancer in patients with incipient SARS-CoV-2 permitted to appreciate early histologic findings of COVID-19 with hyperplastic pneumocytes with/without fibrin exudate, alveolar macrophages/myeloid cells, perivascular T-lymphocytic infiltrate and lack of hyaline membrane.

While the COVID-19 pandemic has declined the rate of lung cancer diagnosis worldwide, some institutions have significantly limited detrimental effects. Histology related to early SARS-CoV-2 infection in surgical samples for lung cancer revealed specific histologic changes.

COVID-19 大流行影响了世界各地的医疗服务,也降低了肺癌的诊断率。另一方面,对肺癌和 SARS-CoV-2 患者的手术标本进行检查,有机会发现与这一新出现的流行病有关的早期组织学特征。在 COVID-19 大流行期间,医疗机构的优先次序不同,导致肺癌筛查率显著下降(高达 56%)、诊断延迟(高达 30%-40%)和晚期分期增加,但也有一些例外(如加拿大)。在组织较好的医疗系统中,I-IIA 期患者接受立体定向放射治疗的比例有所增加。对初发 SARS-CoV-2 患者的肺癌进行手术标本检查,可以发现 COVID-19 的早期组织学结果,包括增生的肺细胞(含/不含纤维蛋白渗出物)、肺泡巨噬细胞/髓样细胞、血管周围 T 淋巴细胞浸润和缺乏透明膜。肺癌手术样本中与早期 SARS-CoV-2 感染有关的组织学显示了特殊的组织学变化。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19. Biology, pathophysiology, and immunology: a pathologist view. COVID-19.生物学、病理生理学和免疫学:病理学家的观点。
IF 3.5 Q1 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-954
Marco Chilosi, Claudio Doglioni, Claudia Ravaglia, Sara Piciucchi, Alessandra Dubini, Lavinia Stefanizzi, Venerino Poletti

Even if the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been declared over, several risks and clinical problems remain to be faced, including long-COVID sequelae and possible outbreaks of pathogenic variants. Intense research on COVID-19 has provided in these few years a striking amount of data covering different fields and disciplines, which can help to provide a knowledge shield against new potential infective spreads, and may also potentially be applied to other fields of medicine, including oncology and neurology. Nevertheless, areas of uncertainty still remain regarding the pathogenic mechanisms that subtend the multifaceted manifestations of the disease. To better clarify the pathogenesis of the disease, a systematic multidisciplinary evaluation of the many mechanisms involved in COVID-19 is mandatory, including clinical, physiological, radiological, immunological and pathological studies. In COVID-19 syndrome the pathological studies have been mainly performed on autopsy cases, and only a few studies are available on biopsies. Nevertheless, these studies have provided relevant information that can substantially contribute to decipher the complex scenario characterizing the different forms of COVID-19 and long-COVID-19. In this review the data provided by pathological investigations are recapitulated and discussed, in the light of different hypothesis and data provided by clinical, physiological and immunological data.

即使已宣布 SARS-CoV-2 大流行结束,但仍要面对一些风险和临床问题,包括长期 COVID 后遗症和可能爆发的病原体变种。在这几年中,对 COVID-19 的深入研究提供了大量数据,这些数据涵盖了不同领域和学科,有助于为防止新的潜在感染性传播提供知识防护,并有可能应用于其他医学领域,包括肿瘤学和神经病学。尽管如此,该疾病多方面表现的致病机制仍存在不确定性。为了更好地阐明该病的发病机制,必须对 COVID-19 所涉及的多种机制进行系统的多学科评估,包括临床、生理学、放射学、免疫学和病理学研究。在 COVID-19 综合征中,病理研究主要是在尸检病例中进行的,只有少数研究是在活检病例中进行的。不过,这些研究提供了相关信息,对解读 COVID-19 和长 COVID-19 不同形式的复杂情况有很大帮助。在本综述中,我们将根据临床、生理和免疫学数据提供的不同假设和数据,对病理学调查提供的数据进行回顾和讨论。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19: detection methods in post-mortem samples. COVID-19:尸体样本中的检测方法。
IF 3.5 Q1 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-933
Ilaria Tedesco, Federica Zito Marino, Andrea Ronchi, Amaro Nunes Duarte Neto, Marisa Dolhnikoff, Maurizio Municinò, Carlo Pietro Campobasso, Giuseppe Pannone, Renato Franco

COVID-19 identification is routinely performed on fresh samples, such as nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, even if, the detection of the virus in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) autopsy tissues could help to underlie mechanisms of the pathogenesis that are not well understood.

The gold standard for COVID-19 detection in FFPE samples remains the qRT-PCR as in swab samples, contextually other methods have been developed, including immunohistochemistry (IHC), and in situ hybridization (ISH). In this manuscript, we summarize the main data regarding the methods of COVID-19 detection in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary post-mortem samples, and especially the sensitivity and specificity of these assays will be discussed.

尽管在福尔马林固定石蜡包埋(FFPE)尸检组织中检测 COVID-19 有助于揭示尚不十分清楚的发病机制,但对新鲜样本(如鼻咽和口咽拭子)进行 COVID-19 鉴定仍是常规做法。在 FFPE 样本中检测 COVID-19 的金标准仍然是 qRT-PCR,而在拭子样本中则采用其他方法,包括免疫组化(IHC)和原位杂交(ISH)。在本手稿中,我们将总结有关肺部和肺外尸检样本中 COVID-19 检测方法的主要数据,并特别讨论这些检测方法的灵敏度和特异性。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the pathologist's role in understanding COVID-19: from pneumonia to long-COVID lung sequelae. 探索病理学家在理解 COVID-19 方面的作用:从肺炎到长期 COVID 肺部后遗症。
IF 3.5 Q1 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-906
Gheorghe-Emilian Olteanu, Federica Pezzuto, Francesca Lunardi, Francesco Fortarezza, Alessandra Dubini, Fiorella Calabrese

The crucial role of pathologists in enhancing our understanding of SARS-CoV-2-related disease, from initial pneumonia manifestations to persistent long COVID lung symptoms, is the focus of this review. Pathological explorations have offered unprecedented insights into the early stages of severe COVID-19, shedding light on the interplay between the virus and subsequent complications, thereby shaping clinical approaches. Growing interest is directed to residual lung abnormalities of COVID-19 survivors. Although various radiological studies reported long-lasting pulmonary changes (e.g., ground glass opacities, reticulations, and bronchiectasis), the true incidence of pulmonary fibrosis and corresponding pathological findings in these patients remains largely unknown. There are a few high-impact and knowledgeable works on late complications in COVID-19 survivors, several coming from explant or autopsy cases, and rare cases from in vivo sampling. The study of biopsy samples has further deepened our knowledge of the aftermath of COVID-19 on lung tissue, uncovering alterations at the cellular level and shifts in vascular and epithelial dynamics. Despite the substantial progress made, future research is needed to devise a uniform strategy for interpreting lung biopsies, with a focus on leveraging advanced tools such as molecular and digital pathology techniques, along with artificial intelligence.

病理学家在加深我们对 SARS-CoV-2 相关疾病(从最初的肺炎表现到持续时间较长的 COVID 肺部症状)的认识方面发挥了至关重要的作用,是本综述的重点。病理学探索为我们了解严重 COVID-19 的早期阶段提供了前所未有的视角,揭示了病毒与后续并发症之间的相互作用,从而影响了临床治疗方法。人们对 COVID-19 存活者的残留肺部异常越来越感兴趣。尽管各种放射学研究报告了长期存在的肺部变化(如磨玻璃不透明、网状结构和支气管扩张),但这些患者肺纤维化和相应病理结果的真实发生率在很大程度上仍不为人所知。关于 COVID-19 幸存者的晚期并发症,有几篇影响较大、知识渊博的文章,其中几篇来自外植体或尸检病例,还有极少数病例来自体内取样。对活检样本的研究进一步加深了我们对 COVID-19 对肺组织后遗症的了解,发现了细胞水平的改变以及血管和上皮动态的变化。尽管取得了重大进展,但未来的研究仍需制定统一的肺活检解读策略,重点是利用分子和数字病理学技术等先进工具以及人工智能。
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引用次数: 0
Management of post-mortem examination in SARS-CoV-19 infections. 对 SARS-CoV-19 感染进行尸检的管理。
IF 3.5 Q1 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-921
Mattia Riefolo, Francesca Ambrosi, Alessandra De Palma, Carmine Gallo, Stefania Damiani

A brief overview on the management of autopsies during the SARS-CoV-19 epidemic is proposed. In particular, the point is made of the Italian laws on the subject, the characteristics required for the autopsy room and the sampling suggested for the histological examination.

本文简要概述了在 SARS-CoV-19 流行期间的尸体解剖管理情况。其中特别指出了意大利在此方面的法律、解剖室所需的特征以及建议用于组织学检查的取样。
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引用次数: 0
Gastric (gastrointestinal)-type endometrial adenocarcinoma presenting as a solitary endometrial polyp: a case report and literature review on a novel and potentially aggressive endometrial cancer histotype. 胃(胃肠)型子宫内膜腺癌表现为孤立的子宫内膜息肉:一种新型且具有潜在侵袭性的子宫内膜癌组织型的病例报告和文献综述。
IF 3.5 Q1 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-870
Emma Bragantini, Giuseppe Angelico, Maria Giulia Disanto, Elena Magri, Livia Maccio, Mattia Barbareschi

Gastric-type carcinoma of the endometrium is a rare endometrial cancer histotype, recently introduced in the 2020 WHO classification of the female genital tract tumors. Clinico-pathological features, as well as treatment strategies for this rare histotype, are not fully defined. We herein present an unusual case of endometrial carcinoma with mucinous features arising in a 58-year-old menopausal woman. Morphological features of the present case as well as immunohistochemical profile were consistent with gastrointestinal differentiation. Therefore, after clinical and imaging studies ruled out the possibility of a metastatic origin, a final diagnosis of gastric-type carcinoma of the endometrium was rendered.

胃型子宫内膜癌是一种罕见的子宫内膜癌组织类型,最近在2020年WHO中引入了女性生殖道肿瘤的分类。临床病理特征,以及这种罕见的组织类型的治疗策略,还没有完全确定。我们在此报告一例罕见的子宫内膜癌与粘液特征出现在一个58岁的绝经妇女。本病例的形态学特征以及免疫组织化学特征与胃肠道分化一致。因此,在临床和影像学检查排除转移起源的可能性后,最终诊断为子宫内膜胃型癌。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular testing in indeterminate thyroid nodules: an additional tool for clinical decision-making. 不确定甲状腺结节的分子检测:临床决策的附加工具。
IF 3.5 Q1 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-887
Caterina Fumagalli, Giovanni Serio

Thyroid nodules are commonly encountered in clinical practice, affecting up to 50% of the population. The large majority of thyroid lumps are benign incidental findings detected by imaging, while approximately 5-15% harbor malignancy. For a target patient's care, it is of paramount importance to identify and treat thyroid malignancy, while preventing unnecessary invasive surgery in patients with benign lesions. Although fine needle aspiration (FNA) associated with cytological examination provides malignant risk information, 20-30% of diagnoses fall into the "indeterminate thyroid nodule" (ITN) category. ITN clinical management remains a challenging issue for physicians since the ITN risk of malignancy varies from 5% to 40% and most thyroid nodules undergo overtreatment with surgery procedures. ITN molecular testing may better define malignant risk in the single nodule and is able to discriminate with accuracy benign from malignant nodules. Nowadays there are different technologies and different molecular panels, each with its own specificity, sensitivity and predictive values. In view of widespread introduction of molecular testing , some outstanding questions remain and are addressed in the present review such as the presence of molecular panels acting as "rule in" or "rule out" tools, the effective impact of testing results in the clinical decision-making process, and the prohibitive cost of commercial assays associated with the lack of test reimbursement in national health systems.

甲状腺结节在临床实践中很常见,影响多达50%的人口。绝大多数甲状腺肿块是影像学发现的良性偶然发现,而约5-15%为恶性肿块。对于目标患者的护理而言,识别和治疗甲状腺恶性肿瘤至关重要,同时防止良性病变患者进行不必要的侵入性手术。虽然细针穿刺(FNA)结合细胞学检查提供了恶性风险信息,但20-30%的诊断属于“不确定甲状腺结节”(ITN)类别。对于医生来说,ITN的临床管理仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题,因为ITN恶性肿瘤的风险从5%到40%不等,而且大多数甲状腺结节都接受过手术治疗。ITN分子检测可以更好地确定单个结节的恶性风险,并能准确区分良性和恶性结节。现在有不同的技术和不同的分子面板,每一个都有自己的特异性、敏感性和预测值。鉴于分子检测的广泛采用,一些悬而未决的问题仍然存在,并在本综述中予以解决,例如分子检测小组作为“规则”或“排除”工具的存在,检测结果在临床决策过程中的有效影响,以及由于国家卫生系统缺乏检测报销而导致的商业检测成本过高。
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引用次数: 0
Answers by phone to 15 common questions concerning perinatal foetal autopsy in the Italian legislative framework. 通过电话回答了意大利立法框架中关于围产期胎儿尸检的15个常见问题。
IF 3.5 Q1 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-869
Alessandro Bonsignore, Francesca Buffelli, Francesca Monari, Ezio Fulcheri
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引用次数: 0
Professional liability subsequent to the Cartabia Reform: implications for pathologists. Cartabia改革后的职业责任:对病理学家的启示。
IF 3.5 Q1 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-878
Edoardo Orlandi, Eleonora Nardi, Chiara Siodambro, Daniela Massi, Vilma Pinchi

The Cartabia Reform modifies the standard used by the Public Prosecutor for the submission of requests for filing or referral for trial. The standard has shifted to the "reasonable prediction of conviction" by moving the principle of in dubio pro reo to the investigation phase. The scope of the legislative amendment is focused on protecting the rights of investigated individuals, who are too often brought to trial without adequate supporting evidence. The implications that this reform has on legal proceedings concerning the criminal liability of healthcare professionals, including pathologists, is discussed.

《卡塔巴亚改革》修改了检察官提出立案请求或移交审判的标准。在调查阶段,将“不确定是否属实”的原则转移到“合理预测定罪”。立法修正案的范围集中于保护被调查个人的权利,这些人往往在没有充分证据的情况下受审。讨论了这一改革对包括病理学家在内的医疗保健专业人员刑事责任的法律诉讼的影响。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
PATHOLOGICA
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