Apostolos Ilias Vouliotis, Paul R Roberts, Polychronis Dilaveris, Konstantinos Gatzoulis, Arthur Yue, Konstantinos Tsioufis
Despite the technological advances in pacemaker technology, the transvenous implanted leads are still considered the Achilles' heel of this rhythm-control therapy. The leadless permanent pacemaker system was developed as an option to bypass the weakness of the transvenous approach. Advances in battery technology and deep miniaturisation of electronics now offer the opportunity to implant the whole pacemaker system into the right ventricle. This review aims to provide a comprehensive report on the advent of leadless pacemakers, their clinical usefulness and the future perspectives of this disruptive and promising technology. Further research is required before some of these technologies are safely and routinely used in clinical practice.
{"title":"Leadless Pacemakers: Current Achievements and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Apostolos Ilias Vouliotis, Paul R Roberts, Polychronis Dilaveris, Konstantinos Gatzoulis, Arthur Yue, Konstantinos Tsioufis","doi":"10.15420/ecr.2022.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2022.32","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the technological advances in pacemaker technology, the transvenous implanted leads are still considered the Achilles' heel of this rhythm-control therapy. The leadless permanent pacemaker system was developed as an option to bypass the weakness of the transvenous approach. Advances in battery technology and deep miniaturisation of electronics now offer the opportunity to implant the whole pacemaker system into the right ventricle. This review aims to provide a comprehensive report on the advent of leadless pacemakers, their clinical usefulness and the future perspectives of this disruptive and promising technology. Further research is required before some of these technologies are safely and routinely used in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":45957,"journal":{"name":"European Cardiology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/db/e1/ecr-18-e49.PMC10466270.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10138082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO18
Rushikesh Rajesh Patil
{"title":"Role of Water-soluble Vitamins in Reducing the Risk of Cardiovascular Heart Disease in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Patients.","authors":"Rushikesh Rajesh Patil","doi":"10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45957,"journal":{"name":"European Cardiology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/27/cd/ecr-18-e35.PMC10316346.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9802300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Teresa Bayo Jimenez, Omar Hahad, Marin Kuntic, Andreas Daiber, Thomas Münzel
During the last two decades, large epidemiological studies have shown that the physical environment, including noise, air pollution or heavy metals, have a considerable impact on human health. It is known that the most common cardiovascular risk factors are all associated with endothelial dysfunction. Vascular tone, circulation of blood cells, inflammation, and platelet activity are some of the most essential functions regulated by the endothelium that suffer negative effects as a consequence of environmental pollution, causing endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we delineate the impact of environmental risk factors in connection to endothelial function. On a mechanistic level, a significant number of studies suggest the involvement of endothelial dysfunction to fundamentally drive the adverse endothelium health effects of the different pollutants. We focus on well-established studies that demonstrate the negative effects on the endothelium, with a focus on air, noise, and heavy metal pollution. This in-depth review on endothelial dysfunction as a consequence of the physical environment aims to contribute to the associated research needs by evaluating current findings from human and animal studies. From a public health perspective, these findings may also help to reinforce efforts promoting the research for adequate promising biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases since endothelial function is considered a hallmark of environmental stressor health effects.
{"title":"Noise, Air, and Heavy Metal Pollution as Risk Factors for Endothelial Dysfunction.","authors":"Maria Teresa Bayo Jimenez, Omar Hahad, Marin Kuntic, Andreas Daiber, Thomas Münzel","doi":"10.15420/ecr.2022.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2022.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the last two decades, large epidemiological studies have shown that the physical environment, including noise, air pollution or heavy metals, have a considerable impact on human health. It is known that the most common cardiovascular risk factors are all associated with endothelial dysfunction. Vascular tone, circulation of blood cells, inflammation, and platelet activity are some of the most essential functions regulated by the endothelium that suffer negative effects as a consequence of environmental pollution, causing endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we delineate the impact of environmental risk factors in connection to endothelial function. On a mechanistic level, a significant number of studies suggest the involvement of endothelial dysfunction to fundamentally drive the adverse endothelium health effects of the different pollutants. We focus on well-established studies that demonstrate the negative effects on the endothelium, with a focus on air, noise, and heavy metal pollution. This in-depth review on endothelial dysfunction as a consequence of the physical environment aims to contribute to the associated research needs by evaluating current findings from human and animal studies. From a public health perspective, these findings may also help to reinforce efforts promoting the research for adequate promising biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases since endothelial function is considered a hallmark of environmental stressor health effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":45957,"journal":{"name":"European Cardiology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ef/54/ecr-18-e09.PMC10291605.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9725858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO6
Daciana Dascalu
{"title":"Cardiovascular Risk Induced by the Presence of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.","authors":"Daciana Dascalu","doi":"10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45957,"journal":{"name":"European Cardiology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dd/9b/ecr-18-e23.PMC10316373.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9802295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonia Sambola, Bruno García Del Blanco, Vijay Kunadian, Birgit Vogel, Alaide Chieffo, María Vidal, Hanna Ratcovich, Giulia Botti, Chris Wilkinson, Roxana Mehran
In high-income countries, ischaemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in women and men, accounting for more than 20% of deaths in both sexes. However, women are less likely to receive guideline-recommended percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) than men. Women undergoing PCI have poorer unadjusted outcomes because they are older and have greater comorbidity than men, but uncertainty remains whether sex affects outcome after these differences in clinical characteristics are considered. In this paper, we review recent published evidence comparing outcomes between men and women undergoing PCI. We focus on the sex differences in PCI outcomes in different scenarios: acute coronary syndromes, stable angina and complex lesions, including the approach of left main coronary artery. We also review how gender is considered in recent guidelines and offer a common clinical scenario to illustrate the contemporary management strategies an interventional cardiologist should consider when performing PCI on a female patient.
{"title":"Sex-based Differences in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Outcomes in Patients with Ischaemic Heart Disease.","authors":"Antonia Sambola, Bruno García Del Blanco, Vijay Kunadian, Birgit Vogel, Alaide Chieffo, María Vidal, Hanna Ratcovich, Giulia Botti, Chris Wilkinson, Roxana Mehran","doi":"10.15420/ecr.2022.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2022.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In high-income countries, ischaemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in women and men, accounting for more than 20% of deaths in both sexes. However, women are less likely to receive guideline-recommended percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) than men. Women undergoing PCI have poorer unadjusted outcomes because they are older and have greater comorbidity than men, but uncertainty remains whether sex affects outcome after these differences in clinical characteristics are considered. In this paper, we review recent published evidence comparing outcomes between men and women undergoing PCI. We focus on the sex differences in PCI outcomes in different scenarios: acute coronary syndromes, stable angina and complex lesions, including the approach of left main coronary artery. We also review how gender is considered in recent guidelines and offer a common clinical scenario to illustrate the contemporary management strategies an interventional cardiologist should consider when performing PCI on a female patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":45957,"journal":{"name":"European Cardiology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/32/d4/ecr-18-e06.PMC10345982.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9825936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are the first-line treatment for coronary artery spasm (CAS). When CAS-related angina symptoms are not well controlled by CCB therapy, long-acting nitrates or (where available) nicorandil can be added as second-line medications. In the case of CAS refractory to standard treatments, several other alternative drugs and interventions have been proposed, including the Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil, anti-adrenergic drugs, neural therapies and percutaneous coronary interventions. In patients with syncope or cardiac arrest caused by CAS-related tachyarrhythmias, or even bradyarrhythmias, implantation of an ICD or pacemaker, respectively, should be considered according to the risk of recurrence and efficacy of vasodilator therapy.
{"title":"Management of Coronary Artery Spasm.","authors":"Gaetano Antonio Lanza, Hiroaki Shimokawa","doi":"10.15420/ecr.2022.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2022.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are the first-line treatment for coronary artery spasm (CAS). When CAS-related angina symptoms are not well controlled by CCB therapy, long-acting nitrates or (where available) nicorandil can be added as second-line medications. In the case of CAS refractory to standard treatments, several other alternative drugs and interventions have been proposed, including the Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil, anti-adrenergic drugs, neural therapies and percutaneous coronary interventions. In patients with syncope or cardiac arrest caused by CAS-related tachyarrhythmias, or even bradyarrhythmias, implantation of an ICD or pacemaker, respectively, should be considered according to the risk of recurrence and efficacy of vasodilator therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":45957,"journal":{"name":"European Cardiology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dc/58/ecr-18-e38.PMC10345953.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9825940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO12
J Lesmana, A Lefi
{"title":"The Relationship between Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio with Rehospitalisation and Mortality in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.","authors":"J Lesmana, A Lefi","doi":"10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45957,"journal":{"name":"European Cardiology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/37/ecr-18-e29.PMC10316359.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10160561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO11
Harlokesh Narayan Yadav, Sadia Shah
{"title":"Effect of Vitamin D in Experimental Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rats: Possible Role of eNOS-mediated Signalling Pathways.","authors":"Harlokesh Narayan Yadav, Sadia Shah","doi":"10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45957,"journal":{"name":"European Cardiology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ea/d3/ecr-18-e28.PMC10316370.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9793289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}