Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are the first-line treatment for coronary artery spasm (CAS). When CAS-related angina symptoms are not well controlled by CCB therapy, long-acting nitrates or (where available) nicorandil can be added as second-line medications. In the case of CAS refractory to standard treatments, several other alternative drugs and interventions have been proposed, including the Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil, anti-adrenergic drugs, neural therapies and percutaneous coronary interventions. In patients with syncope or cardiac arrest caused by CAS-related tachyarrhythmias, or even bradyarrhythmias, implantation of an ICD or pacemaker, respectively, should be considered according to the risk of recurrence and efficacy of vasodilator therapy.
{"title":"Management of Coronary Artery Spasm.","authors":"Gaetano Antonio Lanza, Hiroaki Shimokawa","doi":"10.15420/ecr.2022.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2022.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are the first-line treatment for coronary artery spasm (CAS). When CAS-related angina symptoms are not well controlled by CCB therapy, long-acting nitrates or (where available) nicorandil can be added as second-line medications. In the case of CAS refractory to standard treatments, several other alternative drugs and interventions have been proposed, including the Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil, anti-adrenergic drugs, neural therapies and percutaneous coronary interventions. In patients with syncope or cardiac arrest caused by CAS-related tachyarrhythmias, or even bradyarrhythmias, implantation of an ICD or pacemaker, respectively, should be considered according to the risk of recurrence and efficacy of vasodilator therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":45957,"journal":{"name":"European Cardiology Review","volume":"18 ","pages":"e38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dc/58/ecr-18-e38.PMC10345953.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9825940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO12
J Lesmana, A Lefi
{"title":"The Relationship between Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio with Rehospitalisation and Mortality in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.","authors":"J Lesmana, A Lefi","doi":"10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45957,"journal":{"name":"European Cardiology Review","volume":"18 ","pages":"e29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/37/ecr-18-e29.PMC10316359.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10160561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO11
Harlokesh Narayan Yadav, Sadia Shah
{"title":"Effect of Vitamin D in Experimental Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rats: Possible Role of eNOS-mediated Signalling Pathways.","authors":"Harlokesh Narayan Yadav, Sadia Shah","doi":"10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45957,"journal":{"name":"European Cardiology Review","volume":"18 ","pages":"e28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ea/d3/ecr-18-e28.PMC10316370.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9793289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter Ong, Astrid Hubert, Maike Schwidder, John F Beltrame
Coronary spasm (CS), which may occur at the epicardial (focal or diffuse spasm) and/or microvascular (microvascular spasm) level, is a well-established cause of myocardial ischaemia, in particular in patients with anginal chest pain despite unobstructed coronary arteries. The diagnosis of CS can be confirmed during coronary angiography by an additional provocation test with vasoactive substances such as acetylcholine. Due to partially inconsistent data from large clinical studies, especially between Asian and white CS patients, ethnic differences concerning the prevalence and angiographic patterns of CS seem to exist. Furthermore, several studies in patients with coronary vasomotor disorders pointed towards differences among male and female CS patients. This article gives an overview of ethnic- and sex-related differences in patients with CS.
{"title":"Coronary Spasm: Ethnic and Sex Differences.","authors":"Peter Ong, Astrid Hubert, Maike Schwidder, John F Beltrame","doi":"10.15420/ecr.2023.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2023.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronary spasm (CS), which may occur at the epicardial (focal or diffuse spasm) and/or microvascular (microvascular spasm) level, is a well-established cause of myocardial ischaemia, in particular in patients with anginal chest pain despite unobstructed coronary arteries. The diagnosis of CS can be confirmed during coronary angiography by an additional provocation test with vasoactive substances such as acetylcholine. Due to partially inconsistent data from large clinical studies, especially between Asian and white CS patients, ethnic differences concerning the prevalence and angiographic patterns of CS seem to exist. Furthermore, several studies in patients with coronary vasomotor disorders pointed towards differences among male and female CS patients. This article gives an overview of ethnic- and sex-related differences in patients with CS.</p>","PeriodicalId":45957,"journal":{"name":"European Cardiology Review","volume":"18 ","pages":"e43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/96/81/ecr-18-e43.PMC10345948.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9880462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO20
Yii Ching Wong
{"title":"Use of Heart Failure-Exacerbating Medications among Heart Failure Patients in a Tertiary Referral Centre in Malaysia.","authors":"Yii Ching Wong","doi":"10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45957,"journal":{"name":"European Cardiology Review","volume":"18 ","pages":"e37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/50/e1/ecr-18-e37.PMC10316340.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9802291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO19
V Blaha, R Margoczy, I Petrov, A Postadzhiyan, K Raslova, H Rosolova, I Bridges, N N Dhalwani, M Zachlederova, K K Ray
{"title":"Evolocumab is initiated in Central and Eastern Europe at Much Higher LDL-C Levels than Recommended in Guidelines: Results from the Observational HEYMANS Study.","authors":"V Blaha, R Margoczy, I Petrov, A Postadzhiyan, K Raslova, H Rosolova, I Bridges, N N Dhalwani, M Zachlederova, K K Ray","doi":"10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45957,"journal":{"name":"European Cardiology Review","volume":"18 ","pages":"e36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d9/cb/ecr-18-e36.PMC10316339.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9802292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO4
Ben Borokhovsky, Perry J Weinstock
{"title":"Approach to Anticoagulation Therapy in Patients with Combined Atrial Fibrillation and Coronary Artery Stents: A Review of the Literature.","authors":"Ben Borokhovsky, Perry J Weinstock","doi":"10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2023.18.PO4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45957,"journal":{"name":"European Cardiology Review","volume":"18 ","pages":"e21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2c/91/ecr-18-e21.PMC10316348.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9802301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}