{"title":"Understanding Entrepreneurial Failure: Conceptualizing Failure, Taking Stock, and Broadening the Scope of Failure Research","authors":"Anna Jenkins","doi":"10.1561/0300000081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45990,"journal":{"name":"Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67068711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of the concept and construct of the entrepreneurial journey as a temporal realization of the entrepreneurial process in entrepreneurship research is growing. A ground-breaking role in this development is the essay by McMullen and Dimov (2013), which raised a number of questions and criteria that the construct of the entrepreneurial journey should meet. Their article has been followed by a series of publications that utilize and further develop the concepts of the entrepreneurial journey and its components. Starting with the use of the term in a metaphorical sense to describe the narrative of an entrepreneur’s development path, the entrepreneurial journey is becoming an operationaliz-able variable for the description and measurability of which different dimensions are implemented in addition to time. This monograph aims to provide an insight into the entrepreneurial journey as a research construct in entrepreneurship. To this end, a systematic literature review based on the main databases and search engines spanning the last 40 years (WoS, Scopus, EBSCO, Google Scholar) has been carried out. This systematic overview and analysis of publications, research trends and premises on further developments of the entrepreneurial journey concept as a complex phenomenon suggest different frameworks, approaches and future research challenges. The entrepreneurial journey approach opens up those aspects and dimensions of the dynamics of the entrepreneurial process that have gone unnoticed in the previous studies. These include the need, in addition to time, for a generalized dimension(s) to measure the progression of the entrepreneurial process and journey, as well as linking it to the theories, concepts and research methods used to date. The overview and analysis of some practical exam-ples offer several opportunities for further research on the concept of the entrepreneurial journey and approaches to entrepreneurship studies in general.
{"title":"From the Metaphor to the Concept of the Entrepreneurial Journey in Entrepreneurship Research","authors":"T. Mets","doi":"10.1561/0300000102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000102","url":null,"abstract":"The use of the concept and construct of the entrepreneurial journey as a temporal realization of the entrepreneurial process in entrepreneurship research is growing. A ground-breaking role in this development is the essay by McMullen and Dimov (2013), which raised a number of questions and criteria that the construct of the entrepreneurial journey should meet. Their article has been followed by a series of publications that utilize and further develop the concepts of the entrepreneurial journey and its components. Starting with the use of the term in a metaphorical sense to describe the narrative of an entrepreneur’s development path, the entrepreneurial journey is becoming an operationaliz-able variable for the description and measurability of which different dimensions are implemented in addition to time. This monograph aims to provide an insight into the entrepreneurial journey as a research construct in entrepreneurship. To this end, a systematic literature review based on the main databases and search engines spanning the last 40 years (WoS, Scopus, EBSCO, Google Scholar) has been carried out. This systematic overview and analysis of publications, research trends and premises on further developments of the entrepreneurial journey concept as a complex phenomenon suggest different frameworks, approaches and future research challenges. The entrepreneurial journey approach opens up those aspects and dimensions of the dynamics of the entrepreneurial process that have gone unnoticed in the previous studies. These include the need, in addition to time, for a generalized dimension(s) to measure the progression of the entrepreneurial process and journey, as well as linking it to the theories, concepts and research methods used to date. The overview and analysis of some practical exam-ples offer several opportunities for further research on the concept of the entrepreneurial journey and approaches to entrepreneurship studies in general.","PeriodicalId":45990,"journal":{"name":"Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67069399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IPOs and Entrepreneurial Firms","authors":"G. Giudici, S. Vismara","doi":"10.1561/0300000067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45990,"journal":{"name":"Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67069070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Originated by an individual capacity, organizational ambidexterity represents how organizations do two different things equally well (i.e., efficiency and flexibility, adaptability and alignment, integration and responsiveness, or exploration and exploitation). The versatility of the ambidexterity concept allows using it to test multiple research questions from various perspectives. It explains that in the last decades, the research in organizational ambidexterity has been exponentially rising. The authors argued that the proliferation of papers represents a consolidation stage of any phenomenon. Therefore, in this development cycle, the two possibilities maybe its decline or re-focus along new lines. Although the publication pattern focused on strategic management journals, it does not mean that organizational ambidexterity is only observed in established and mature organizations' strategies. Several entrepreneurial organizations have been born (e.g., new ventures) or have rejuvenated (i.e., established ventures with an entrepreneurial orientation) by implementing and developing an organizational ambidexterity capacity. This study is motivated by the apparent unrepresentativeness of organizational ambidexterity in entrepreneurship studies. Therefore, (a) we look back to the past 15 years of published research by focusing on the contribution of organizational ambidexterity to the fields of management studies and entrepreneurship studies;and (b) we look forward to the research in organizational ambidexterity by inspiring the analysis of ambidexterity's role in the current scenarios (social, economic, technological, environmental) in management and entrepreneurship studies. Based on this review and analysis, we show the underrepresentation of entrepreneurship in the published ambidexterity literature until the last decade (the 2010s). Motivated by this insight, we provoke the discussion about how the concept of ambidexterity, characterized by managing a double tension simultaneously, is a potential ingredient in the entrepreneurial decision-making process of individuals, teams, organizations, and eco-systems agents. We encourage new research lines that help refresh the analysis of ambidexterity in the entrepreneurship field and re-thinking its contribution to the reconciliation process between management, innovation, and entrepreneurship fields. Furthermore, several implications to managers, entrepreneurial organizations, and entrepreneurs emerge from this study. Concretely, we encourage them to consider this approach as a way of thinking to face the current social, economic, and health problems that we are living in due to the COVID-19 pandemic effects.
{"title":"Ambidexterity and Entrepreneurship Studies: A Literature Review and Research Agenda","authors":"Maribel Guerrero","doi":"10.1561/0300000097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000097","url":null,"abstract":"Originated by an individual capacity, organizational ambidexterity represents how organizations do two different things equally well (i.e., efficiency and flexibility, adaptability and alignment, integration and responsiveness, or exploration and exploitation). The versatility of the ambidexterity concept allows using it to test multiple research questions from various perspectives. It explains that in the last decades, the research in organizational ambidexterity has been exponentially rising. The authors argued that the proliferation of papers represents a consolidation stage of any phenomenon. Therefore, in this development cycle, the two possibilities maybe its decline or re-focus along new lines. Although the publication pattern focused on strategic management journals, it does not mean that organizational ambidexterity is only observed in established and mature organizations' strategies. Several entrepreneurial organizations have been born (e.g., new ventures) or have rejuvenated (i.e., established ventures with an entrepreneurial orientation) by implementing and developing an organizational ambidexterity capacity. This study is motivated by the apparent unrepresentativeness of organizational ambidexterity in entrepreneurship studies. Therefore, (a) we look back to the past 15 years of published research by focusing on the contribution of organizational ambidexterity to the fields of management studies and entrepreneurship studies;and (b) we look forward to the research in organizational ambidexterity by inspiring the analysis of ambidexterity's role in the current scenarios (social, economic, technological, environmental) in management and entrepreneurship studies. Based on this review and analysis, we show the underrepresentation of entrepreneurship in the published ambidexterity literature until the last decade (the 2010s). Motivated by this insight, we provoke the discussion about how the concept of ambidexterity, characterized by managing a double tension simultaneously, is a potential ingredient in the entrepreneurial decision-making process of individuals, teams, organizations, and eco-systems agents. We encourage new research lines that help refresh the analysis of ambidexterity in the entrepreneurship field and re-thinking its contribution to the reconciliation process between management, innovation, and entrepreneurship fields. Furthermore, several implications to managers, entrepreneurial organizations, and entrepreneurs emerge from this study. Concretely, we encourage them to consider this approach as a way of thinking to face the current social, economic, and health problems that we are living in due to the COVID-19 pandemic effects.","PeriodicalId":45990,"journal":{"name":"Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship","volume":"34 1","pages":"436-650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75076617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For equity investors the identification of ventures that most likely will achieve the expected return on investment is an extremely complex task. To select early-stage companies, venture capitalists and business angels traditionally rely on a mix of assessment criteria and their own experience. However, given the high level of risk with new, innovative companies, the number of financially successful startups within an investment portfolio is generally very low. In this context of uncertainty, a data-driven approach to investment decision-making can provide more effective results. Specifically, the application of machine learning techniques can provide equity investors and scholars in entrepreneurial finance with new insights on patterns common to successful startups. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the applications of machine learning algorithms to the Crunchbase database. We highlight the main research goals that can Francesco Ferrati and Moreno Muffatto (2021), “Entrepreneurial Finance: Emerging Approaches Using Machine Learning and Big Data”, Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp 232–329. DOI: 10.1561/0300000099. Full text available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0300000099
{"title":"Entrepreneurial Finance: Emerging Approaches Using Machine Learning and Big Data","authors":"Francesco Ferrati, M. Muffatto","doi":"10.1561/0300000099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000099","url":null,"abstract":"For equity investors the identification of ventures that most likely will achieve the expected return on investment is an extremely complex task. To select early-stage companies, venture capitalists and business angels traditionally rely on a mix of assessment criteria and their own experience. However, given the high level of risk with new, innovative companies, the number of financially successful startups within an investment portfolio is generally very low. In this context of uncertainty, a data-driven approach to investment decision-making can provide more effective results. Specifically, the application of machine learning techniques can provide equity investors and scholars in entrepreneurial finance with new insights on patterns common to successful startups. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the applications of machine learning algorithms to the Crunchbase database. We highlight the main research goals that can Francesco Ferrati and Moreno Muffatto (2021), “Entrepreneurial Finance: Emerging Approaches Using Machine Learning and Big Data”, Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp 232–329. DOI: 10.1561/0300000099. Full text available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0300000099","PeriodicalId":45990,"journal":{"name":"Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48952972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Concerns about the quality of business’s management and productivity has increased the salience of advice for policymakers. For policymakers, possibilities exist to develop advisory services and improve business practices bringing wider benefits to the economy and society. For academics, the problem of advice has become more important as it relates to firm development. Major perspectives on advice have developed in isolation from each other, in particular the psychology of advice taking and the managerial and economic perspectives. Hence it may be time for a re-think. The appraisal will be timely, as it reviews the literature on advice to entrepreneurs and to small firm managers. Therefore, the objective is to review the literature on advice to entrepreneurs and small business managers. In order to take advantage of the iterative potential that different perspectives would bring, this narrative literature review will need to understand these through the eyes of the advice seekers and the context within which they operate. Having identified and defined advice, the review discusses the different perspectives and the implications under five different headings that reflect the customer journey in the advice process from the initial “attraction†to advice, to the implications for businesses of consistent advice-taking. Implication for future research are presented.
{"title":"Advice to Entrepreneurs and Small Business","authors":"K. Mole","doi":"10.1561/0300000090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000090","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns about the quality of business’s management and productivity has increased the salience of advice for policymakers. For policymakers, possibilities exist to develop advisory services and improve business practices bringing wider benefits to the economy and society. For academics, the problem of advice has become more important as it relates to firm development. Major perspectives on advice have developed in isolation from each other, in particular the psychology of advice taking and the managerial and economic perspectives. Hence it may be time for a re-think. The appraisal will be timely, as it reviews the literature on advice to entrepreneurs and to small firm managers. Therefore, the objective is to review the literature on advice to entrepreneurs and small business managers. In order to take advantage of the iterative potential that different perspectives would bring, this narrative literature review will need to understand these through the eyes of the advice seekers and the context within which they operate. Having identified and defined advice, the review discusses the different perspectives and the implications under five different headings that reflect the customer journey in the advice process from the initial “attraction†to advice, to the implications for businesses of consistent advice-taking. Implication for future research are presented.","PeriodicalId":45990,"journal":{"name":"Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship","volume":"193 1","pages":"154-231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79697524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is a special tribute to Professor Mike Wright (1952– 2019). It contains essays prepared by the 21st Century Entrepreneurship Research Fellows, edited by David B. Audretsch, Donald F. Kuratko, and Albert N. Link, with a special introductory dedication to Mike Wright’s research career by Saul Estrin, Tomasz Mickiewicz, and Nicholas Wilson. Dr. Kuratko a prominent scholar and national leader in the field of entrepreneurship. He has published over 200 articles on aspects of entrepreneurship, new venture development, and corporate entrepreneurship. His work has been published in journals such as Journal of Business Venturing , Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice , Strategic Management Journal , Academy of Management Executive , Journal of Operations Management , Journal of Management Studies, Small Business Economics, Journal of Small Business Management , Family Business Review , and the Journal of Business Ethics . He has received numerous awards for his published articles including the “ Journal of Business Venturing Best 2017 Journal Article of the Year ” (awarded in 2018), the Academy of Management 2017 “Entrepreneurship Practice Award” for the Best Journal Article Advancing Entrepreneurship Practice, and the inaugural “Journal of Operations Management Ambassador Award” for Best Interdisciplinary Journal Article published between 2011–2016 and based on citation count (awarded in 2016 at the Academy of Management). Professor Kuratko has authored 30 books, including one of the leading entrepreneurship books in universities today, Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process, Practice , 11th ed. (Cengage Publishers, 2020), as well as New Venture Management , 3rd ed. (Routledge Publishers, 2021), and Corporate Innovation (Routledge Publishers, 2019). The U.S. Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship honored Professor Kuratko as the National Outstanding Entrepreneurship Educator and also honored him the John E. Hughes Entrepreneurial Advocacy for his career advocacy in entrepreneurship. In addition, the Academy of Management Dr. Kuratko with the Entrepreneurship Advocate for his career contributions to the development and advancement of the discipline of entrepreneurship. Dr. Kuratko has been one of the Top Entrepreneurship Scholars in the World (in a 12-year study the Journal Small Business ) and was
这是对迈克·赖特教授(1952 - 2019)的特别致敬。它包含了由21世纪创业研究人员编写的文章，由David B. Audretsch, Donald F. Kuratko和Albert N. Link编辑，并由Saul Estrin, Tomasz Mickiewicz和Nicholas Wilson特别介绍了Mike Wright的研究生涯。库拉特科博士是创业领域的杰出学者和国家领袖。他发表了200多篇关于创业、新企业发展和企业创业的文章。他的作品发表在《商业风险杂志》、《创业理论与实践》、《战略管理杂志》、《行政管理学会》、《运营管理杂志》、《管理研究杂志》、《小企业经济学》、《小企业管理杂志》、《家族企业评论》和《商业伦理杂志》等期刊上。他发表的文章获得了许多奖项，包括“商业风险杂志2017年度最佳期刊文章”(2018年颁发)，管理学院2017年“创业实践奖”的最佳期刊文章推进创业实践，以及首届“运营管理期刊大使奖”，表彰2011-2016年间发表的基于引用数的最佳跨学科期刊文章(2016年在管理学院颁发)。Kuratko教授撰写了30本书，其中包括当今大学领先的创业书籍之一，《创业:理论，过程，实践》，第11版(圣智出版社，2020)，以及《新创业管理》，第3版(劳特利奇出版社，2021)和《企业创新》(劳特利奇出版社，2019)。美国小企业和创业协会授予Kuratko教授全国杰出创业教育家称号，并授予他约翰·e·休斯创业倡导奖，以表彰他在创业方面的职业倡导。此外，管理学院的Kuratko博士还因其职业生涯对创业学科的发展和进步做出了贡献而荣获创业倡导者奖。Kuratko博士是世界顶级创业学者之一(在《小企业杂志》的一项为期12年的研究中)
{"title":"Entrepreneurship, Finance and Management: Essays in Honor of Mike Wright","authors":"Maribel Guerrero, Magnus Henrekson","doi":"10.1561/0300000110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000110","url":null,"abstract":"This is a special tribute to Professor Mike Wright (1952– 2019). It contains essays prepared by the 21st Century Entrepreneurship Research Fellows, edited by David B. Audretsch, Donald F. Kuratko, and Albert N. Link, with a special introductory dedication to Mike Wright’s research career by Saul Estrin, Tomasz Mickiewicz, and Nicholas Wilson. Dr. Kuratko a prominent scholar and national leader in the field of entrepreneurship. He has published over 200 articles on aspects of entrepreneurship, new venture development, and corporate entrepreneurship. His work has been published in journals such as Journal of Business Venturing , Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice , Strategic Management Journal , Academy of Management Executive , Journal of Operations Management , Journal of Management Studies, Small Business Economics, Journal of Small Business Management , Family Business Review , and the Journal of Business Ethics . He has received numerous awards for his published articles including the “ Journal of Business Venturing Best 2017 Journal Article of the Year ” (awarded in 2018), the Academy of Management 2017 “Entrepreneurship Practice Award” for the Best Journal Article Advancing Entrepreneurship Practice, and the inaugural “Journal of Operations Management Ambassador Award” for Best Interdisciplinary Journal Article published between 2011–2016 and based on citation count (awarded in 2016 at the Academy of Management). Professor Kuratko has authored 30 books, including one of the leading entrepreneurship books in universities today, Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process, Practice , 11th ed. (Cengage Publishers, 2020), as well as New Venture Management , 3rd ed. (Routledge Publishers, 2021), and Corporate Innovation (Routledge Publishers, 2019). The U.S. Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship honored Professor Kuratko as the National Outstanding Entrepreneurship Educator and also honored him the John E. Hughes Entrepreneurial Advocacy for his career advocacy in entrepreneurship. In addition, the Academy of Management Dr. Kuratko with the Entrepreneurship Advocate for his career contributions to the development and advancement of the discipline of entrepreneurship. Dr. Kuratko has been one of the Top Entrepreneurship Scholars in the World (in a 12-year study the Journal Small Business ) and was","PeriodicalId":45990,"journal":{"name":"Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67069564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Now almost twenty years ago, strategic entrepreneurship emerged as a new and high-potential field of research at the crossroads of the entrepreneurship and strategic management literatures. In this review, we track the development of this new field of research to see whether it has lived up to the original promises. Based on the review of 131 articles that have appeared over the period 2001–2019, we conclude that strategic entrepreneurship research is yet to develop the coherence and momentum that will allow it to take off more emphatically. In the discussion, we outline a set of interrelated issues concerned with conceptual ambiguity, model boundaries, and consistency in the application of conceptual foundations which we believe have had an attenuating effect on past developments of the field. We conclude our review by identifying a number of avenues for future research, alongside a pressing need for producing firmer practical guidelines for how to effectively integrate the entrepreneurial and strategic aspects of management.
{"title":"Developments in Strategic Entrepreneurship","authors":"B. C. Morici, I. Zander","doi":"10.1561/0300000094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000094","url":null,"abstract":"Now almost twenty years ago, strategic entrepreneurship emerged as a new and high-potential field of research at the crossroads of the entrepreneurship and strategic management literatures. In this review, we track the development of this new field of research to see whether it has lived up to the original promises. Based on the review of 131 articles that have appeared over the period 2001–2019, we conclude that strategic entrepreneurship research is yet to develop the coherence and momentum that will allow it to take off more emphatically. In the discussion, we outline a set of interrelated issues concerned with conceptual ambiguity, model boundaries, and consistency in the application of conceptual foundations which we believe have had an attenuating effect on past developments of the field. We conclude our review by identifying a number of avenues for future research, alongside a pressing need for producing firmer practical guidelines for how to effectively integrate the entrepreneurial and strategic aspects of management.","PeriodicalId":45990,"journal":{"name":"Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship","volume":"39 1","pages":"444-513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84847343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The potential impacts of tax policies on entrepreneurial activity have attracted the attention of researchers and policy makers for several decades. Entrepreneurship and innovation are critical elements of the macroeconomy and small businesses contribute significantly to employment and economic growth. Recognizing this, policy makers have a long history of attempting to encourage small business activity through a variety of attractive tax policies. The effectiveness of these policies hinges critically on the extent to which entrepreneurs actually respond to taxes. The theoretical literature has recognized that taxing the returns to risky activity can actually increase risk-taking, especially in the presence of progressive marginal tax rates and loss offset provisions (Domar and Musgrave, 1944). The empirical literature has been inconclusive, with some studies finding a positive relationship between tax rates and small business activity, others finding a negative relationship, and still others finding no significant relationship at all. In this monograph, we review the existing empirical literature in this area and lay out an agenda for future research. We discuss the many ways in which researchers have measured entrepreneurship and small business activity, as well as the variety of tax rates and other policies that have been explored in prior studies.
{"title":"Taxes and Entrepreneurship: A Literature Review and Research Agenda","authors":"D. Bruce, T. Gurley-Calvez, Alex Norwood","doi":"10.1561/0300000079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000079","url":null,"abstract":"The potential impacts of tax policies on entrepreneurial activity have attracted the attention of researchers and policy makers for several decades. Entrepreneurship and innovation are critical elements of the macroeconomy and small businesses contribute significantly to employment and economic growth. Recognizing this, policy makers have a long history of attempting to encourage small business activity through a variety of attractive tax policies. The effectiveness of these policies hinges critically on the extent to which entrepreneurs actually respond to taxes. The theoretical literature has recognized that taxing the returns to risky activity can actually increase risk-taking, especially in the presence of progressive marginal tax rates and loss offset provisions (Domar and Musgrave, 1944). The empirical literature has been inconclusive, with some studies finding a positive relationship between tax rates and small business activity, others finding a negative relationship, and still others finding no significant relationship at all. In this monograph, we review the existing empirical literature in this area and lay out an agenda for future research. We discuss the many ways in which researchers have measured entrepreneurship and small business activity, as well as the variety of tax rates and other policies that have been explored in prior studies.","PeriodicalId":45990,"journal":{"name":"Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship","volume":"22 1","pages":"393-443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82798756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Returnee entrepreneurs are individuals who return to their home country to start a new venture after studying or working abroad. Such individuals are argued to be key agents of growth and innovation in emerging economies. Hence, they have attracted interest from policy-makers and scholars. Our work systematically reviews and thematically analyzes the growing but still fragmented research stream on returnee entrepreneurs. Our work identifies, examines and synthesizes this theoretically, methodologically and thematically diverse research stream by inductively categorizing it into themes and thematic areas. Based on the findings, we provide a conceptual mapping of the phenomenon and discuss promising research opportunities that address a range of key questions pertaining to returnee entrepreneurs and their importance in emerging economies. We provide a comprehensive inventory, organization and evaluation of the research stream offering guidance for the design and positioning of future scholarly enquiry in this field. Our detailed discussion of theoretical lenses and research designs also extends to potential contributions to adjacent fields and underlying theories, that is, well beyond the specific domain of returnee entrepreneurship.
{"title":"Returnee Entrepreneurs: A Systematic Literature Review, Thematic Analysis, and Research Agenda","authors":"Jan Henrik Gruenhagen, P. Davidsson, S. Sawang","doi":"10.1561/0300000096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000096","url":null,"abstract":"Returnee entrepreneurs are individuals who return to their home country to start a new venture after studying or working abroad. Such individuals are argued to be key agents of growth and innovation in emerging economies. Hence, they have attracted interest from policy-makers and scholars. Our work systematically reviews and thematically analyzes the growing but still fragmented research stream on returnee entrepreneurs. Our work identifies, examines and synthesizes this theoretically, methodologically and thematically diverse research stream by inductively categorizing it into themes and thematic areas. Based on the findings, we provide a conceptual mapping of the phenomenon and discuss promising research opportunities that address a range of key questions pertaining to returnee entrepreneurs and their importance in emerging economies. We provide a comprehensive inventory, organization and evaluation of the research stream offering guidance for the design and positioning of future scholarly enquiry in this field. Our detailed discussion of theoretical lenses and research designs also extends to potential contributions to adjacent fields and underlying theories, that is, well beyond the specific domain of returnee entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":45990,"journal":{"name":"Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship","volume":"10 1","pages":"310-392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85240427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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