European Journal of Psychology Applied To Legal Context最新文献

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Is perception of the mainstream legal system homogeneous across ethnic groups? 各民族对主流法律体系的看法是否同质?

IF 9.5 1区社会学 Q1 LAW

European Journal of Psychology Applied To Legal Context

Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.5093/ejpalc2013a5

Estefanía Estévez, Marina Rachitskiy, Carla Rodríguez

There is a great social debate regarding possible legal privileges favouring some ethnic groups over others in a particular society. This fact may negatively influence citizens’ perceptions about fairness and legitimacy of the mainstream legal system and, thus, compliance with established social norms. The main purpose of the present study was to analyse the perception of the mainstream legal system in citizens belonging to different ethnic groups. In particular, this work had two objectives. First, the purpose was to explore interethnic perceptions of legal authorities and the justice system by examining the following variables: procedural justice, distributive justice, legitimacy of the legal system, contact with police, and reasons for obeying the law. A second objective was to test the predictive power of perceived procedural justice, distributive justice, and contact with police in the subsequent perception of legitimacy across the different ethnic groups. The sample was composed of 351 participants, who were split into two groups: White- Europeans (76.4%) and ethnic minorities (23.6%). Results revealed ethnic group differences in all study variables, showing ethnic minorities a more general negative attitude towards the legal system in terms of procedural justice, distributive justice and legitimacy conceded to the legal system, in comparison with the majority group. Moreover, legitimacy conceded to legal authorities was predicted by procedural justice, but not by distributive justice neither contact with police, in both groups. Practical and policy implications are discussed based on the importance of citizens’ perceptions about the legal authorities in order to legitimate the mainstream legal system.

在一个特定的社会中，有一场关于可能有利于某些族裔群体而非其他族裔群体的法律特权的激烈社会辩论。这一事实可能会对公民对主流法律制度的公平性和合法性的看法产生负面影响，从而影响对既定社会规范的遵守。本研究的主要目的是分析不同族裔公民对主流法律制度的看法。特别是，这项工作有两个目标。首先，目的是通过考察以下变量来探讨种族间对法律权威和司法系统的看法：程序正义、分配正义、法律系统的合法性、与警察的接触以及遵守法律的原因。第二个目标是测试感知的程序正义、分配正义和与警察的接触在随后不同种族群体对合法性的感知中的预测力。样本由351名参与者组成，他们被分为两组：欧洲白人（76.4%）和少数民族（23.6%）。结果显示，在所有研究变量中，少数民族都存在种族差异，表明少数民族在程序正义、分配正义和承认法律制度的合法性方面对法律制度持更普遍的负面态度，与多数组相比。此外，在这两个群体中，向法律当局承认的合法性是由程序正义预测的，但不是由分配正义预测的——也不是由与警方的接触预测的。为了使主流法律制度合法化，根据公民对法律权威的看法的重要性讨论了实际和政策影响。

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引用次数: 0

Do testimonies of traumatic events differ depending on the interviewer 创伤性事件的证词是否因采访者而异

IF 9.5 1区社会学 Q1 LAW

European Journal of Psychology Applied To Legal Context

Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.5167/UZH-69183

R. Brönnimann, Jane Herlihy, Julia Müller, U. Ehlert

While differences in witness narratives due to different interviewers may have implications for their credibility in court, this study considers how investigative interviews by different parties to the proceedings, as well as the gender and nationality of interviewers, can influence the testimony of witnesses in court who share comparable traumatic experiences. The foundation of the analysis was answers given to judges, prosecutors, civil party lawyers and defence lawyers in the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) located in Phnom Penh. Transcribed testimonies of 24 victim witnesses and civil parties which were translated from Khmer into English were analysed using a computer-based text analysis program, the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC). Results showed that when answering questions by females, witnesses used significantly more cognitive process words. When interviewed by international rather than by Cambodian parties to the proceeding witness accounts were composed of significantly more verbal expressions of affective processes and of perceptual processes. Furthermore, witnesses used most cognitive and affective process words during the interview by civil party lawyers and defence lawyers. These results may be due to a prior supportive relationship between civil parties and their lawyers and due to a more interrogative question style by the defence lawyers, who attempt to undermine the credibility of the interviewed witnesses. Data shows that LIWC analysis is an appropriate method to examine witness accounts and, therefore, contributes to a better understanding of the complex relationship between testimony in events under litigation and credibility.

虽然不同访谈者对证人叙述的差异可能会影响其在法庭上的可信度，但本研究考虑了诉讼各方的调查性访谈，以及访谈者的性别和国籍，如何影响具有类似创伤经历的证人在法庭上的证词。分析的基础是向设在金边的柬埔寨法院特别分庭的法官、检察官、民事当事人律师和辩护律师所作的答复。使用基于计算机的文本分析程序“语言调查和字数统计”(LIWC)分析了从高棉语翻译成英语的24名受害者证人和民事当事人的证词。结果表明，在回答女性提问时，目击者使用的认知过程词汇显著增多。在接受国际而非柬埔寨各方的采访时，上述证人的叙述明显更多地由情感过程和感知过程的口头表达组成。此外，在民事律师和辩护律师的采访中，证人使用的认知过程词和情感过程词最多。这些结果可能是由于民事当事方与其律师之间先前的支持关系，以及由于辩护律师的提问方式更偏向于质疑，他们试图破坏被采访证人的可信度。数据显示，LIWC分析是审查证人陈述的一种适当方法，因此有助于更好地了解诉讼事件中证词与可信度之间的复杂关系。

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