Anemia最新文献

This hospital-based study assessed attitudes, knowledge, and practices regarding blood donation in Kabul City, Afghanistan, focusing on whether demographic factors influence donor behavior. Through a hospital-based approach, using a survey questionnaire, the study examined donors' attitudes, knowledge of blood donation, and practice of blood donation. The study was conducted at Blossom Healthcare Center in Kabul City, Afghanistan, from August 1, 2024, to February 30, 2025. A total of 66 people, who were above the age of 18, participated in the study. Of the 66 participants, 66.7% (44) were male. There was no significant association between the level of education, age, and blood donation practice. Of the 66 participants, 42.4% (28) had a history of blood donation, and the percentage of blood donation was lower in women. Restrictions on women's independent mobility may negatively affect their blood donation practice. In conclusion, this hospital-based study explored Afghans' attitudes and knowledge toward blood donation in Kabul City, Afghanistan. We noticed that the blood donation practice did not positively correlate with the participants' positive attitude toward blood donation.

Background:α-Thalassemia is a type of inherited hemoglobin disorder with variable severity. Clinically, the severity varies from nearly asymptomatic to severe hemolytic anemia that is life-threatening based on the number of affected genes. Although α-thalassemia has been reported in Iraq, studies concerning phenotype-genotype correlations are lacking. Objectives: Our aim was to identify the types of α-thalassemia mutations and clinical phenotypes of α-thalassemia in relation to the mutation type. Patients and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study included 84 (55 males and 29 females) patients with α-thalassemia who were ≤ 18 years old registered at the Pediatric Department-Center for Hereditary Blood Diseases, Basrah, Iraq. An analysis of α-globin defects was performed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. Results: Deletional mutations were reported in 45.24% of patients, nondeletional mutations in 3.57%, and 51.19% had both deletional/nondeletional mutations. The most frequent mutation was α₂ poly A-1 (HbA2:c.^∗94 A > G), which was documented for 35 (41.66%) of all mutations, followed by Mediterranean (MED) (HbA1, 2:c.-31_717del) in 29 (34.52%) patients, while the most common genotype was -^MED/αα in 17 (20.23%) patients. Blood transfusions were required in 28 (80.00%) of those who had nondeletional HbH. Iron overload was reported in 4 (11.43%) patients with nondeletional HbH; this finding did not significantly differ from other types of alpha-thalassemia. Conclusions: The most common reported mutation was α₂ poly A-1 (HbA2:c.^∗94A > G), followed by the MED mutation (HbA1, 2:c.-31_717del), while the most frequent genotype was -^MED/αα. Blood transfusions were more frequent in patients with nondeletional HbH.

Introduction: The diagnostic validity of schistocyte count in diagnosing iron deficiency (ID) in the microcytic population is critical. The purpose of this study is to identify the correlation between schistocyte count and iron parameters and the performance of schistocyte count in diagnosing ID in the microcytic population. Methods: Out of 805 general checkup participants, 65 subjects consisting of 17 males and 48 females aged 18-56 years had Mean Corpuscular Value (MCV) < 80 fL. Serum ferritin examination showed 25 patients with ID and the other 40 subjects without ID. Result: There was a significant difference in the schistocyte count between the two groups (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis obtained a significant relationship between schistocyte count and serum ferritin (r = -0.67, p < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis provided an area under the curve (AUC) of schistocyte count of 0.827, with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 75% for a cutoff of ≥ 0.75%. Conclusion: Schistocyte count has a significant correlation with iron parameters and can be used as a marker for ID in the microcytic population. Health facilities that do not have access to iron parameters examination can perform a schistocyte count.

Introduction: This study reanalyzes the data from India based on revised cutoffs on hemoglobin (Hb) as updated by World Health Organization (WHO) to inform policy decisions. Methods: The study analyzes change in prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in different trimesters and nonpregnant women in India using data from nationally representative survey (1998-1999 to 2019-2021). Changes in mean Hb concentration and in anemia prevalence using revised Hb cutoffs were analyzed. Mann-Kendall (MK) test was utilized to estimate trend coefficient (τ) with significance to quantify change in anemia prevalence. State-wise anemia prevalence was calculated, categorizing states as controlled, emerging hotspots, hotspots, and arresting momentum, considering 40% prevalence cutoff as severe public health concerns. Results: For 2019-2021, anemia prevalence during pregnancy decreased from 52.2% as per the previous cutoff to 47.1% as per the revised cutoff. As per revised cutoffs, MK test revealed reduction in anemia trends (τ = 0.333, p=0.734). This decline was most pronounced in the third trimester, where severe anemia dropped by 51.3% from 1998-1999 to 2019-2021. While mild and moderate anemia showed little change over two decades, moderate anemia in the third trimester declined by 3.67%. Reductions in severe anemia were noted across trimesters. States identified as emerging hotspots require urgent, targeted interventions due to persistently high or rising anemia rates. Conclusion: This study highlights a decline in anemia prevalence, particularly in severe cases during pregnancy. Anemia reduction efforts must rely on country-specific data, especially on the Hb distribution against the background of ferritin level, hemoglobinopathies, prevalence of infections, and inflammations in the population.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and viral hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) share common routes of transmission and increase the morbidity and mortality of infected patients. In developing countries, including Ghana, HBV/HCV diagnoses are not routinely performed for patients in HIV clinics. Thus, the haematological impacts of hepatitis B/C are not evaluated before the inception of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study that assessed the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections among 135 HIV-1 infected patients in an HIV clinic in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana using rapid diagnostic test kits. Haematological parameters and HIV load were evaluated and compared between HIV monoinfected and HIV-HBV or HIV-HCV coinfected patients. HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV coinfection rates were 8.9% and 5.9%, respectively. One participant (0.7%) was triply infected with HIV-HBV-HCV. HIV viral load was comparable in the different disease groups (p > 0.5 for all comparisons). Neutrophils and lymphocyte counts were lower in HIV/HCV coinfected patients in contrast to HIV-monoinfected patients (p > 0.05 for all comparisons). Significantly lower total WBC counts in HIV/HCV coinfected patients (p = 0.002) as compared to HIV monoinfected patients were observed. Generally, the rates of haematological abnormalities (anaemia, leucopenia, lymphocytopenia, neutropenia and monocytopenia) were higher in coinfected cases than in monoinfected cases. In conclusion, patients at HIV clinics in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana have a high rate of HBV/HCV coinfection, which can have a significant negative influence on haematological counts, particularly lymphocyte counts. This highlights the necessity of routine testing for HBV/HCV among HIV clinic patients to influence the choice of ART drugs prescribed.

Iron deficiency is the leading cause of anemia worldwide. Single oral iron daily supplementation is usually unsatisfactory. We hypothesize dividing the oral iron dose may improve the anemic parameters. To test this hypothesis, forty male Wistar rats were evenly assigned to the following groups (n = 8): Control nonanemic or anemic groups. Anemia was induced by repeated phlebotomy from the orbital plexus under anesthesia for 4 weeks. The anemic rats either received no treatment (IDA group) or received a total oral iron supplementation (7.1 mg/kg/day) for 1 week. Iron was administered in different treatment regimens: single dose per day (IDA-Fe-sid group), twice per day (IDA-Fe-bid group), or thrice per day (IDA-Fe-tid group). The hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit values, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and serum levels of iron, ferritin, and hepcidin were measured to assess the anemia. The results showed that administration of iron in divided doses for 1 week exerted significant restorative effects on the measured anemia parameters, unlike the single daily regimen. In conclusion: oral iron supplementation in divided doses increased the oral iron bioavailability; therefore, it may be more efficient in improving the anemia parameters than a single dose in short-term treatment of IDA. In clinical practice, dividing the total large iron dose into multiple smaller doses may correct IDA more quickly, especially in patients who cannot tolerate a single large dose.

Background: Anaemia during pregnancy is a major public health concern in both advanced and less-developed countries, including Ghana. The prevalence of anaemia in Ghana seriously affects the country's social and economic development. Aim: This study, therefore, assessed anaemia in pregnant women attending the Catholic Hospital in the Battor District, Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a convenient sampling method was conducted from November 2021 to January 2022 among four hundred (400) pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the Catholic Hospital, Battor, in the Volta Region. Sociodemographic (age, marital status, level of education, occupation and religion), knowledge, attitudes, and practices were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire, and the gestation periods and the number of antenatal (ANC) visits were obtained from the antenatal booklets. Blood samples (3 mL) were collected to determine their anaemia status. SPSS software version 26 and GraphPad Prism 6 were used for the statistical analysis. A p value less than 0.050 was considered statistically significant at a 95% confidence interval. Results: Our study found that the prevalence of anaemia among the antenatal attendants was 295 (73.8%). Severe anaemia was highest in the second trimester (60.0%). Pregnant women in their third trimester recorded the highest prevalence of both macrocytic hyperchromic and microcytic hypochromic anaemia (66.7%, 50.0%). The study found that the majority of the pregnant women had satisfactory knowledge of anaemia (38.3%), with only 5.3% having excellent knowledge. Hairdressers had 69% lower odds for anaemia as compared to participants with other occupations (aOR; 0.31, 95% CI; 0.12-0.82, p = 0.018) whiles 196 (66.4%) of married women were anaemic. Conclusion: Anaemia remains highly prevalent among pregnant women, with notable variations across trimesters and occupations. Unexpected trends, such as lower odds of anaemia among hairdressers and higher prevalence among married women, highlight the need for further studies into occupational and socio-cultural influences on maternal health.

Background: Anemia is a serious public health problem in India, affecting a large proportion of children, adolescent females, and women. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of anemia in adolescent females and to understand the feasibility of involving adolescent females from rural regions of Maharashtra through a combination of community-based recruitment and hospital-based investigation strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving unmarried adolescent females (10-19 years) from the Osmanabad district of Maharashtra (April-August 2018). Venous blood samples were taken, and anemia was defined using a hemoglobin cutoff of < 12.0 g/dL. Multiple logistic and linear regression models were used to explore associations of risk factors with anemia status and hemoglobin (Hb) levels, respectively. Results: Out of 679 participants informed and invited to the study, data were available and analyzed for 401 (59.05%) participants. The prevalence of anemia was 29.42%. In the fully adjusted linear regression model, Hb levels reduced by 0.15 g/dL with each year increase in age (β = -0.15 [95% CI: -0.24 to -0.05], p = 0.002). Hb levels were lower in those engaged in paid work compared to those who were not (β = -1.19 [95% CI: -2.09 to -0.29], p = 0.010) and among those belonging to the Muslim religion (β = -0.75 [95% CI: -1.41 to -0.10], p = 0.024) compared to Hindus. In the fully adjusted logistic regression model, anemia likelihood increased significantly with age (OR: 1.24 [95% CI: 1.07-1.44], p = 0.004) and was higher in Muslims compared to Hindus (OR: 3.02 [95% CI: 1.14-7.99], p = 0.026). Pulses/lentils consumption (≥ 3 times a week) was associated with a decreased risk of anemia (OR: 0.51 [95% CI: 0.28-0.90], p = 0.022). Conclusion: Using the World Health Organization criteria, the prevalence of anemia was moderately high among adolescent females in the study region. Comprehensive preventive measures for the adolescent female population are required, along with intervention programs that include education, nutrition, supplementation, and social support schemes.

Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a serious genetic disorder, often diagnosed early, which can lead to significant complications. Although newborn screening (NBS) for SCD is an effective intervention for reducing the impact of SCD in developed countries, it remains poorly accessible in sub-Saharan Africa, where the disease is particularly prevalent. This study assessed the acceptability of NBS and the factors influencing it among pregnant women in Bukavu, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods: A survey of pregnant women in Bukavu was conducted between December 1, 2023, and January 31, 2024. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes toward NBS. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with NBS acceptability. Results: Out of a total of 350 respondents approached, 300 voluntarily agreed to answer our questionnaire, resulting in a response rate of 85.7%. Among them, the acceptability rate of NBS was 80.0%. Logistic regression analysis indicated that recognizing SCD as a blood disorder was strongly linked to the acceptability of NBS (adjusted OR = 2.6; 95% CI [1.4-4.9], p=0.002). In addition, individuals who were aware that SCD could be diagnosed at any point in life were more inclined to accept NBS (adjusted OR = 2.0; 95% CI [1.1-3.8], p=0.024). There were no significant associations observed with age, marital status, educational level, professional occupation, religion, knowledge of electrophoretic status, and awareness that SCD can be diagnosed in the neonatal period, or awareness that SCD can be diagnosed at any other time in life. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant level of acceptability of NBS among pregnant women in Bukavu, which is influenced by their understanding of SCD and knowledge about diagnostic possibilities. Implementing awareness-raising initiatives focused on key topics, such as the benefits of NBS, the implications of early diagnosis, the availability of follow-up care, increasing knowledge about SCD as a blood disorder, and its potential for diagnosis at any stage of life, could further enhance acceptability.

Background: Very few trials of hydroxyurea efficacy and safety have been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hydroxyurea and its utility in low-resource settings. Methods: We conducted a prospective comparative trial in patients with SCA. 128 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups. 68 patients were treated with hydroxyurea at a dose of 10-20 mg/kg/day and 62 patients in a control group without hydroxyurea. The endpoints evaluated were feasibility, safety, and benefit (laboratory variables, sickle cell-related events, transfusions). Results: The patients assigned to hydroxyurea treatment had a lower annual rate of crises than the control group (median 2.9 vs. 5.3 crises per year, p=0.001), a lower annual rate of hospitalizations (median 2.2 vs. 4.7, p=0.002), and a lower annual rate of transfusions (median 1.3 vs. 5.1, p=0.001). We observed a significant increase in Hb F from 11.77% to 14.6% (p=0.001) in patients treated with hydroxyurea. We also observed a significant increase in the mean Hb level from 7.3 g/dL to 9.2 g/dL in patients treated with hydroxyurea (p=0.004). Patients treated with hydroxyurea also have a beneficial effect on WBC and platelet levels by reducing leukocytosis and thrombocytosis. The annual number of infectious complications was significantly lower in the group of patients treated with hydroxyurea. Conclusion: Hydroxyurea has an important clinical benefit by reducing the incidence of vaso-occlusive events, infections, and transfusions, which translates into fewer hospitalizations. The main problem is that it is not accessible to most of our patients who live in poor socioeconomic conditions.