Journal of Modern Transportation最新文献

A huge and quite important role in safe exit from the street with limited visibility plays traffic mirrors. Traffic mirrors, also known as safety mirrors or blind spot mirrors, have a significant impact on road safety. These mirrors are designed with a curved surface that allows for a wider field of view, making it easier for drivers to see objects and vehicles that may be in their blind spots. In order to commit a safe maneuver driver should be confident that the car moving down the street is at a sufficient and safe distance from the exit. Of course, the driver needs to have a perception of the time of the moving car to the place of exit from the street. All of these things play a significant role in safety exit and avoiding collisions. Traffic mirrors ensure an overview of the situation on the road. Moreover, the driver can measure the approximate distance by counting time for approaching the car. The experiment presented in the work is based on the time of the car’s approach. The purpose of this article is to detect the optimal time as well as distance before the street with limited visibility in order to exit the street safely and to avoid collisions. In this paper, we provide systematic approach to the research of a data and statistics of this data.

The identification of critical sectors at the provincial level is important for achieving China’ s CO₂ mitigation target. To scientifically subdivide the target of emission peak and carbon neutrality in public transport, this article employs a decision tree, taking into a combination of “top-down” and “bottom-up” approaches, to determine selection rules for carbon emission calculation under different data sources. The stepwise regression analysis determines length of vehicle is the key factor affecting bus 100 km energy consumption. The results reveal that, with 383.0 million tons of carbon dioxide being emit, the highest carbon emission from Inner Mongolia ground buses system happened in 2013. The results show that measures including replacing conventional vehicles with electric vehicles could effectively facilitate the road transport sector to gradually approach zero carbon emissions.

Background: This study aimed to analyze the extent of fatigue responses after female soccer matches and the ensuing recovery time course of performance, physiological, and perceptual responses.

Methods: Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus) were searched in October 2020 and updated in November 2021. Studies were included when participants were female soccer players, regardless of their ability level. Further, the intervention was an official soccer match with performance, physiological, or perceptual parameters collected pre- and post-match (immediately, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h-post).

Results: A total of 26 studies (n = 465 players) were included for meta-analysis. Most performance parameters showed some immediate post-match reduction (effect size [ES] = - 0.72 to - 1.80), apart from countermovement jump (CMJ; ES = - 0.04). Reduced CMJ performance occurred at 12 h (ES = - 0.38) and 24 h (ES = - 0.42) and sprint at 48 h post-match (ES = - 0.75). Inflammatory and immunological parameters responded acutely with moderate-to-large increases (ES = 0.58-2.75) immediately post-match. Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase alterations persisted at 72 h post-match (ES = 3.79 and 7.46, respectively). Small-to-moderate effects were observed for increased cortisol (ES = 0.75) and reduced testosterone/cortisol ratio (ES = -0.47) immediately post-match, while negligible to small effects existed for testosterone (ES = 0.14) and estradiol (ES = 0.34). Large effects were observed for perceptual variables, with increased fatigue (ES = 1.79) and reduced vigor (ES = - 0.97) at 12 h post-match, while muscle soreness was increased immediately post (ES = 1.63) and at 24 h post-match (ES = 1.00).

Conclusions: Acute fatigue exists following female soccer matches, and the performance, physiological, and perceptual parameters showed distinctive recovery timelines. Importantly, physical performance was recovered at 72 h post-match, whereas muscle damage markers were still increased at this time point. These timelines should be considered when planning training and match schedules. However, some caution should be advised given the small number of studies available on this population.

Registration: The protocol for this systematic review was pre-registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, Registration Number: CRD42021237857).