Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1007/s12207-023-09490-4
Laszlo A. Erdodi
{"title":"Cutoff Elasticity in Multivariate Models of Performance Validity Assessment as a Function of the Number of Components and Aggregation Method","authors":"Laszlo A. Erdodi","doi":"10.1007/s12207-023-09490-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-023-09490-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46294,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Injury & Law","volume":"32 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-04DOI: 10.1007/s12207-023-09489-x
Kamar Y. Tazi, Richard Rogers, Yi-Ting Chang
{"title":"Forensic Evaluations for Immigration Courts: A Critical Commentary on Legal and Ethical Considerations","authors":"Kamar Y. Tazi, Richard Rogers, Yi-Ting Chang","doi":"10.1007/s12207-023-09489-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-023-09489-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46294,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Injury & Law","volume":"99 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135774707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-04DOI: 10.1007/s12207-023-09491-3
Emanuel Silva, Thomas Merten, Ana Cláudia Venâncio, Débora Pinheiro, Isabel M. Alberto, Mário R. Simões
Abstract Current guidelines for psychological assessment recommend the use of multiple validity measures in an evaluation protocol, particularly in forensic settings. As such, self-report instruments which detect distorted symptom reporting have become essential. We studied a pooled sample of 240 male inmates with the Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI), the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS), and the Symptom Validity Scale–Version 2 (EVS-2). Concurrent validity was analyzed via correlations between all three symptom validity tests (SVTs), revealing strong associations ( rho ranging from .72 to .79), and ROC analyses yielded areas under the curve (AUC) values over .9 for every model. Base rates of SVT failure ranged from 7.9 to 13.3% using the most conservative cutoff scores, although true and false positive rates were not established. Education was shown to have a statistically significant effect on the mean results of the three SVTs ( rho ranging from − 162 to − 283), associating lower educational levels with more bogus symptom endorsement. The influence of age and conviction status (pre-trial vs. post-trial) on the SIMS results was statistically significant as well ( rho estimates of .171 and − 232). With data showing robust construct validity and excellent predictive accuracy, the instruments were shown to be adequate for use in the Portuguese prison context, but further research is required, in particular using forensic inpatients and clinical populations, and including systematic data on the presence of mental disorders.
{"title":"Results of Symptom Validity Testing in Portuguese Prison Inmates: The Influence of Educational Level, Age, and Conviction Status","authors":"Emanuel Silva, Thomas Merten, Ana Cláudia Venâncio, Débora Pinheiro, Isabel M. Alberto, Mário R. Simões","doi":"10.1007/s12207-023-09491-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-023-09491-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Current guidelines for psychological assessment recommend the use of multiple validity measures in an evaluation protocol, particularly in forensic settings. As such, self-report instruments which detect distorted symptom reporting have become essential. We studied a pooled sample of 240 male inmates with the Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI), the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS), and the Symptom Validity Scale–Version 2 (EVS-2). Concurrent validity was analyzed via correlations between all three symptom validity tests (SVTs), revealing strong associations ( rho ranging from .72 to .79), and ROC analyses yielded areas under the curve (AUC) values over .9 for every model. Base rates of SVT failure ranged from 7.9 to 13.3% using the most conservative cutoff scores, although true and false positive rates were not established. Education was shown to have a statistically significant effect on the mean results of the three SVTs ( rho ranging from − 162 to − 283), associating lower educational levels with more bogus symptom endorsement. The influence of age and conviction status (pre-trial vs. post-trial) on the SIMS results was statistically significant as well ( rho estimates of .171 and − 232). With data showing robust construct validity and excellent predictive accuracy, the instruments were shown to be adequate for use in the Portuguese prison context, but further research is required, in particular using forensic inpatients and clinical populations, and including systematic data on the presence of mental disorders.","PeriodicalId":46294,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Injury & Law","volume":"73 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135773596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1007/s12207-023-09487-z
Shayna H. Nussbaum, Francesca Ales, Luciano Giromini, Mark Watson, Laszlo Erdodi
Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the utility of the Atypical Responses (ATR) scale of the Trauma Symptom Inventory – Second Edition (TSI-2) as a symptom validity test (SVT) in a medicolegal sample. Archival data were collected from a consecutive case sequence of 99 patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation following a motor vehicle collision. The ATR’s classification accuracy was computed against criterion measures consisting of composite indices based on SVTs and performance validity tests (PVTs). An ATR cutoff of ≥ 9 emerged as the optimal cutoff, producing a good combination of sensitivity (.35-.53) and specificity (.92-.95) to the criterion SVT, correctly classifying 71–79% of the sample. Predictably, classification accuracy was lower against PVTs as criterion measures (.26-.37 sensitivity at .90-.93 specificity, correctly classifying 66–69% of the sample). The originally proposed ATR cutoff (≥ 15) was prohibitively conservative, resulting in a 90–95% false negative rate. In contrast, although the more liberal alternative (≥ 8) fell short of the specificity standard (.89), it was associated with notably higher sensitivity (.43-.68) and the highest overall classification accuracy (71–82% of the sample). Non-credible symptom report was a stronger confound on the posttraumatic stress scale of the TSI-2 than that of the Personality Assessment Inventory. The ATR demonstrated its clinical utility in identifying non-credible symptom report (and to a lesser extent, invalid performance) in a medicolegal setting, with ≥ 9 emerging as the optimal cutoff. The ATR demonstrated its potential to serve as a quick (potentially stand-alone) screener for the overall credibility of neuropsychological deficits. More research is needed in patients with different clinical characteristics assessed in different settings to establish the generalizability of the findings.
{"title":"Cross-Validating the Atypical Response Scale of the TSI-2 in a Sample of Motor Vehicle Collision Survivors","authors":"Shayna H. Nussbaum, Francesca Ales, Luciano Giromini, Mark Watson, Laszlo Erdodi","doi":"10.1007/s12207-023-09487-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-023-09487-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the utility of the Atypical Responses (ATR) scale of the Trauma Symptom Inventory – Second Edition (TSI-2) as a symptom validity test (SVT) in a medicolegal sample. Archival data were collected from a consecutive case sequence of 99 patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation following a motor vehicle collision. The ATR’s classification accuracy was computed against criterion measures consisting of composite indices based on SVTs and performance validity tests (PVTs). An ATR cutoff of ≥ 9 emerged as the optimal cutoff, producing a good combination of sensitivity (.35-.53) and specificity (.92-.95) to the criterion SVT, correctly classifying 71–79% of the sample. Predictably, classification accuracy was lower against PVTs as criterion measures (.26-.37 sensitivity at .90-.93 specificity, correctly classifying 66–69% of the sample). The originally proposed ATR cutoff (≥ 15) was prohibitively conservative, resulting in a 90–95% false negative rate. In contrast, although the more liberal alternative (≥ 8) fell short of the specificity standard (.89), it was associated with notably higher sensitivity (.43-.68) and the highest overall classification accuracy (71–82% of the sample). Non-credible symptom report was a stronger confound on the posttraumatic stress scale of the TSI-2 than that of the Personality Assessment Inventory. The ATR demonstrated its clinical utility in identifying non-credible symptom report (and to a lesser extent, invalid performance) in a medicolegal setting, with ≥ 9 emerging as the optimal cutoff. The ATR demonstrated its potential to serve as a quick (potentially stand-alone) screener for the overall credibility of neuropsychological deficits. More research is needed in patients with different clinical characteristics assessed in different settings to establish the generalizability of the findings.","PeriodicalId":46294,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Injury & Law","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135217864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.1007/s12207-023-09488-y
Richard Rogers, Kamar Y. Tazi
{"title":"Intensification of Impairment as an Elusive Malingering Presentation: Validation of the Trauma and Disability Scale for Impairment (TDSI)","authors":"Richard Rogers, Kamar Y. Tazi","doi":"10.1007/s12207-023-09488-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-023-09488-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46294,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Injury & Law","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1007/s12207-023-09486-0
Sarah Hirsch, Paul B. Ingram, Kymmalett A. Ross, Jessica Mattera, Robert D. Morgan
{"title":"Over-Reporting Detection on the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) Confusion (Cf-r) Scale in Justice-Involved Individuals","authors":"Sarah Hirsch, Paul B. Ingram, Kymmalett A. Ross, Jessica Mattera, Robert D. Morgan","doi":"10.1007/s12207-023-09486-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-023-09486-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46294,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Injury & Law","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135968691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.1007/s12207-023-09485-1
Anna T. Magnante, Victoria L. O’Connor, Jared A. Rowland, Sarah L. Martindale, Anna S. Ord, Robert D. Shura
{"title":"The Influence of Psychological Symptoms on Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomology (SIMS) Scores","authors":"Anna T. Magnante, Victoria L. O’Connor, Jared A. Rowland, Sarah L. Martindale, Anna S. Ord, Robert D. Shura","doi":"10.1007/s12207-023-09485-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-023-09485-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46294,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Injury & Law","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135739319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-23DOI: 10.1007/s12207-023-09484-2
Ida Griesemer, Shannon Carter, Alison M. Weir, Jack Tsai
{"title":"Clients’ Self-reported Legal Issues in a Medical-Legal Partnership: Accuracy, Prevalence, and the Role of Mental Health","authors":"Ida Griesemer, Shannon Carter, Alison M. Weir, Jack Tsai","doi":"10.1007/s12207-023-09484-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-023-09484-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46294,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Injury & Law","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135965482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1007/s12207-023-09483-3
Ali Y. E. Akca, Mehmed S. Tepedelen, Burcu Uysal, Laszlo A. Erdodi
Abstract Because the actuarial evidence base for symptom validity tests (SVTs) is developed in a specific population, it is unclear whether their clinical utility is transferable to a population with different demographic characteristics. To address this, we report here the validation study of a recently developed free-standing SVT, the Inventory of Problems-29 (IOP-29), in a Turkish community sample. We employed a mixed design with a simulation paradigm: The Turkish IOP–29 was presented to the same participants ( N = 125; 53.6% female; age range: 19–53) three times in an online format, with instructions to respond honestly (HON), randomly (RND), and attempt to feign a psychiatric disorder (SIM) based on different vignettes. In the SIM condition, participants were presented with one of three scripts instructing them to feign either schizophrenia (SIM-SCZ), depression (SIM-DEP), or posttraumatic stress disorder (SIM-PTSD). As predicted, the Turkish IOP–29 is effective in discriminating between credible and noncredible presentations and equally sensitive to feigning of different psychiatric disorders: The standard cutoff (FDS ≥ .50) is uniformly sensitive (90.2% to 92.9%) and yields a specificity of 88%. Random responding produces FDS scores more similar to those of noncredible presentations, and the random responding score (RRS) has incremental validity in distinguishing random responding from feigned and honest responding. Our findings reveal that the classification accuracy of the IOP–29 is stable across administration languages, feigned clinical constructs, and geographic regions. Validation of the Turkish IOP–29 will be a valuable addition to the limited availability of SVTs in Turkish. We discuss limitations and future directions.
{"title":"The Inventory of Problems–29 is a Cross-Culturally Valid Symptom Validity Test: Initial Validation in a Turkish Community Sample","authors":"Ali Y. E. Akca, Mehmed S. Tepedelen, Burcu Uysal, Laszlo A. Erdodi","doi":"10.1007/s12207-023-09483-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-023-09483-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Because the actuarial evidence base for symptom validity tests (SVTs) is developed in a specific population, it is unclear whether their clinical utility is transferable to a population with different demographic characteristics. To address this, we report here the validation study of a recently developed free-standing SVT, the Inventory of Problems-29 (IOP-29), in a Turkish community sample. We employed a mixed design with a simulation paradigm: The Turkish IOP–29 was presented to the same participants ( N = 125; 53.6% female; age range: 19–53) three times in an online format, with instructions to respond honestly (HON), randomly (RND), and attempt to feign a psychiatric disorder (SIM) based on different vignettes. In the SIM condition, participants were presented with one of three scripts instructing them to feign either schizophrenia (SIM-SCZ), depression (SIM-DEP), or posttraumatic stress disorder (SIM-PTSD). As predicted, the Turkish IOP–29 is effective in discriminating between credible and noncredible presentations and equally sensitive to feigning of different psychiatric disorders: The standard cutoff (FDS ≥ .50) is uniformly sensitive (90.2% to 92.9%) and yields a specificity of 88%. Random responding produces FDS scores more similar to those of noncredible presentations, and the random responding score (RRS) has incremental validity in distinguishing random responding from feigned and honest responding. Our findings reveal that the classification accuracy of the IOP–29 is stable across administration languages, feigned clinical constructs, and geographic regions. Validation of the Turkish IOP–29 will be a valuable addition to the limited availability of SVTs in Turkish. We discuss limitations and future directions.","PeriodicalId":46294,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Injury & Law","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135349572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1007/s12207-023-09481-5
Eleonora Ricci, Marco Colasanti, M. Monaro, C. Mazza, Alessandra Cardinale, Francesca Bosco, Giuliana Mazzoni, Clelia Rossi Arnaud, Stefano Ferracuti, A. Di Domenico, P. Roma
{"title":"How to Distinguish Feigned from Genuine Depressive Symptoms: Response Patterns and Content Analysis of the SIMS Affective Disorder Scale","authors":"Eleonora Ricci, Marco Colasanti, M. Monaro, C. Mazza, Alessandra Cardinale, Francesca Bosco, Giuliana Mazzoni, Clelia Rossi Arnaud, Stefano Ferracuti, A. Di Domenico, P. Roma","doi":"10.1007/s12207-023-09481-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-023-09481-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46294,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Injury & Law","volume":"16 1","pages":"237 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47803155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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