<p><p>Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey, belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae, is a natural sweetener. The roots of this plant are used in folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Cucurbitacins play an important role in the resistance of this plant to insects and adversity, and have anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and other biological activities. They usually exist as a variety of similar structures in Cucurbitaceae plants. Separation of a large amount of high-purity monomer compounds by the conventional separation method based on column chromatography is difficult, which limits the research and application of their activities. Therefore, we chose a new method for this separation. High-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) is a liquid-liquid chromatographic technique characterized by high recovery and reproducibility, and is considered a very effective method for the separation of natural compounds present in various plant extracts. An appropriate solvent system is the key for efficient separation, but its selection is tedious, which hampers the wider implementation of HSCCC in chemical research involving preparative separations. In this study, based on the general estimation strategy by using the TLC solvent system (GUESS), the corresponding relationship between the partition distribution coefficient (<i>K</i> value) and the TLC retention factor (<i>R</i><sub>f</sub> value) of the compounds was established by the partition experiment. The <i>R</i><sub>f</sub> value and separation coefficient <i>α</i> were calculated using the water-saturated organic phase as the expansion agent, which could minimize the number of countercurrent separation experiments required in solvent system selection. In this study, HSCCC was used to establish an efficient method for the extraction of cucurbitacins from the root extract of <i>Siraitia grosvenorii</i>. A fraction rich in cucurbitacins was obtained from the ethanol extract of <i>Siraitia grosvenorii</i> roots after separation by column chromatography on HPD-100, MCI, and C18 columns. Six types of solvent systems with different compositions were investigated using the GUESS method. The results showed that employing the solvent system of <i>n</i>-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (3∶7∶3∶7, v/v/v/v) to partition the cucurbitacin fraction could remove a large number of impurities. The components retained in the upper phase in the partition experiment were subsequently purified by HSCCC. The favorable solvent system for HSCCC was <i>n</i>-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (4∶6∶5∶5, v/v/v/v), while the upper and lower phases were selected as the stationary and mobile phases, respectively, with a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min, a rotation speed of 860 r/min, and an injected sample weight of 280 mg. Five cucurbitacin compounds were obtained by one-time separation. The weights of the five compounds were 14.73, 8.82, 30.74, 5.03, and 3.81 mg. The purities of these compounds were 97.0%, 95.4%, 9
{"title":"[Preparation of cucurbitacin compounds in <i>Siraitia grosvenorii</i> roots by high speed countercurrent chromatography].","authors":"Jiayi Sun, Jiaqi Sun, Heping Li, Xiaojie Yan, Dianpeng Li, Fenglai Lu","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2021.07010","DOIUrl":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2021.07010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey, belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae, is a natural sweetener. The roots of this plant are used in folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Cucurbitacins play an important role in the resistance of this plant to insects and adversity, and have anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and other biological activities. They usually exist as a variety of similar structures in Cucurbitaceae plants. Separation of a large amount of high-purity monomer compounds by the conventional separation method based on column chromatography is difficult, which limits the research and application of their activities. Therefore, we chose a new method for this separation. High-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) is a liquid-liquid chromatographic technique characterized by high recovery and reproducibility, and is considered a very effective method for the separation of natural compounds present in various plant extracts. An appropriate solvent system is the key for efficient separation, but its selection is tedious, which hampers the wider implementation of HSCCC in chemical research involving preparative separations. In this study, based on the general estimation strategy by using the TLC solvent system (GUESS), the corresponding relationship between the partition distribution coefficient (<i>K</i> value) and the TLC retention factor (<i>R</i><sub>f</sub> value) of the compounds was established by the partition experiment. The <i>R</i><sub>f</sub> value and separation coefficient <i>α</i> were calculated using the water-saturated organic phase as the expansion agent, which could minimize the number of countercurrent separation experiments required in solvent system selection. In this study, HSCCC was used to establish an efficient method for the extraction of cucurbitacins from the root extract of <i>Siraitia grosvenorii</i>. A fraction rich in cucurbitacins was obtained from the ethanol extract of <i>Siraitia grosvenorii</i> roots after separation by column chromatography on HPD-100, MCI, and C18 columns. Six types of solvent systems with different compositions were investigated using the GUESS method. The results showed that employing the solvent system of <i>n</i>-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (3∶7∶3∶7, v/v/v/v) to partition the cucurbitacin fraction could remove a large number of impurities. The components retained in the upper phase in the partition experiment were subsequently purified by HSCCC. The favorable solvent system for HSCCC was <i>n</i>-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (4∶6∶5∶5, v/v/v/v), while the upper and lower phases were selected as the stationary and mobile phases, respectively, with a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min, a rotation speed of 860 r/min, and an injected sample weight of 280 mg. Five cucurbitacin compounds were obtained by one-time separation. The weights of the five compounds were 14.73, 8.82, 30.74, 5.03, and 3.81 mg. The purities of these compounds were 97.0%, 95.4%, 9","PeriodicalId":46311,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":"364-371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9404122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73659856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.1186/s10397-021-01099-2
T. Rao, Neera Lambert, B. Ghosh, T. Chang
{"title":"Defining the limits of caesarean scar niche repair: new anatomical landmarks","authors":"T. Rao, Neera Lambert, B. Ghosh, T. Chang","doi":"10.1186/s10397-021-01099-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s10397-021-01099-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46311,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Surgery","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s10397-021-01099-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46877121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.1186/s10397-021-01095-6
Murat Gözüküçük, E. Yıldız
{"title":"Is it possible to estimate the need for surgical management in patients with a tubo-ovarian abscess at admission? A retrospective long-term analysis","authors":"Murat Gözüküçük, E. Yıldız","doi":"10.1186/s10397-021-01095-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s10397-021-01095-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46311,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s10397-021-01095-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47934657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-03DOI: 10.1186/s10397-021-01096-5
M. D'alterio, Stefania Saponara, M. Agus, A. Laganà, M. Noventa, E. Loi, A. Feki, S. Angioni
{"title":"Medical and surgical interventions to improve the quality of life for endometriosis patients: a systematic review","authors":"M. D'alterio, Stefania Saponara, M. Agus, A. Laganà, M. Noventa, E. Loi, A. Feki, S. Angioni","doi":"10.1186/s10397-021-01096-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s10397-021-01096-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46311,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Surgery","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s10397-021-01096-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47446689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-03DOI: 10.1186/s10397-021-01094-7
F. Tanha, Saghar Samimi Sede, F. Yarandi, E. Shirali, Maliheh Fakehi, Zeinab Shaker, M. Ghajarzadeh, M. Ghaemi
{"title":"Does hysteroscopy in women with persistent gestational trophoblastic disease reduce the need for chemotherapy? A prospective, single-arm, clinical trial pilot study","authors":"F. Tanha, Saghar Samimi Sede, F. Yarandi, E. Shirali, Maliheh Fakehi, Zeinab Shaker, M. Ghajarzadeh, M. Ghaemi","doi":"10.1186/s10397-021-01094-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s10397-021-01094-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46311,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Surgery","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s10397-021-01094-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45268975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-18DOI: 10.1186/s10397-021-01092-9
F. Asali, I. Mahfouz, H. Saleem, S. Mahfouz, Maha T. Mohammad, O. Al-kuran
{"title":"Applied anatomy knowledge in gynaecology and obstetrics: the trainees’ perception","authors":"F. Asali, I. Mahfouz, H. Saleem, S. Mahfouz, Maha T. Mohammad, O. Al-kuran","doi":"10.1186/s10397-021-01092-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s10397-021-01092-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46311,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Surgery","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s10397-021-01092-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46375238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.1186/s10397-021-01086-7
P. Fedeli, M. Guida, P. Giugliano, L. Mazzarelli, Annalisa D’Apuzzo, Roberto Scendoni, G. Vacchiano
{"title":"Femoral nerve injury in gynecologic surgery: medico-legal issues for best surgical practices","authors":"P. Fedeli, M. Guida, P. Giugliano, L. Mazzarelli, Annalisa D’Apuzzo, Roberto Scendoni, G. Vacchiano","doi":"10.1186/s10397-021-01086-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s10397-021-01086-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46311,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s10397-021-01086-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49442368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-29DOI: 10.1186/s10397-021-01090-x
A. Sindiani, Nail Obeidat, Omar Abu-Azzam, Heba Hijazi
{"title":"The impact of previous cesarean section on the outcome of patients with non-adherent placenta previa","authors":"A. Sindiani, Nail Obeidat, Omar Abu-Azzam, Heba Hijazi","doi":"10.1186/s10397-021-01090-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s10397-021-01090-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46311,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s10397-021-01090-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49083231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-05DOI: 10.1186/s10397-021-01085-8
P. Scollo, M. Ferrara, B. Pecorino, A. Di Stefano, G. Scibilia
{"title":"Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging, sentinel lymph node mapping in patients with vulvar cancer: peritumoral injection dosage and waiting times in our experience","authors":"P. Scollo, M. Ferrara, B. Pecorino, A. Di Stefano, G. Scibilia","doi":"10.1186/s10397-021-01085-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s10397-021-01085-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46311,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s10397-021-01085-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46465161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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