Engaging scholarship from sociologies of security to protest policing, this article explores how risk management and actuarial tools have been operationalized in Canadian policing of Indigenous protests. We detail RCMP actuarial tools used to assess individual and group risk by tracing how these techniques are representative of much older trends in the criminal justice system surrounding the management of risk, but also have been advanced by contemporary databanking and surveillance capacities. Contesting public claims of police impartiality and objectivity, we highlight how the construction of riskiness produces an antagonism towards “successful” Indigenous protests. Though the RCMP regularly claim to “protect and facilitate the right to lawful advocacy, protest and dissent,” we show how these practices of strategic incapacitation exhibit highly antagonistic forms of policing that are grounded in a rationality that seeks to demobilize and delegitimize Indigenous social movements.
{"title":"Strategic Incapacitation of Indigenous Dissent: Crowd Theories, Risk Management, and Settler Colonial Policing","authors":"M. Howe, J. Monaghan","doi":"10.29173/CJS29397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/CJS29397","url":null,"abstract":"Engaging scholarship from sociologies of security to protest policing, this article explores how risk management and actuarial tools have been operationalized in Canadian policing of Indigenous protests. We detail RCMP actuarial tools used to assess individual and group risk by tracing how these techniques are representative of much older trends in the criminal justice system surrounding the management of risk, but also have been advanced by contemporary databanking and surveillance capacities. Contesting public claims of police impartiality and objectivity, we highlight how the construction of riskiness produces an antagonism towards “successful” Indigenous protests. Though the RCMP regularly claim to “protect and facilitate the right to lawful advocacy, protest and dissent,” we show how these practices of strategic incapacitation exhibit highly antagonistic forms of policing that are grounded in a rationality that seeks to demobilize and delegitimize Indigenous social movements.","PeriodicalId":46469,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Sociology-Cahiers Canadiens De Sociologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.29173/CJS29397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44287902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article draws attention to the importance of including the colonial present in critical inquiries into the relationship between epigenetics and politics. Focusing on British Columbia (Canada) at the dawn of the twenty-first century, the assessment illustrates how an epigenetic style of thought rendered tangible the “vulnerable Aboriginal child” as a category amenable to settler-colonial governmental interventions. More specifically, the article demonstrates how prominent elements of this classification interconnected with a mediating device undergirded by epigenetic reason, the Early Development Instrument. Eugenic sensibilities produced through epigenetic logics wove through this relationship. In turn, linkages between the EDI and the classification of the at-risk Aboriginal child comprised a terrain that shaped settler-colonial power and privilege through mechanisms of population management and related implications for territorial control. The article evaluates what these findings suggest for extending debates about the political elements of epigenetic reason.
{"title":"Epigenetics and Politics in the Colonial Present","authors":"K. Murray","doi":"10.29173/CJS20146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/CJS20146","url":null,"abstract":"This article draws attention to the importance of including the colonial present in critical inquiries into the relationship between epigenetics and politics. Focusing on British Columbia (Canada) at the dawn of the twenty-first century, the assessment illustrates how an epigenetic style of thought rendered tangible the “vulnerable Aboriginal child” as a category amenable to settler-colonial governmental interventions. More specifically, the article demonstrates how prominent elements of this classification interconnected with a mediating device undergirded by epigenetic reason, the Early Development Instrument. Eugenic sensibilities produced through epigenetic logics wove through this relationship. In turn, linkages between the EDI and the classification of the at-risk Aboriginal child comprised a terrain that shaped settler-colonial power and privilege through mechanisms of population management and related implications for territorial control. The article evaluates what these findings suggest for extending debates about the political elements of epigenetic reason.","PeriodicalId":46469,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Sociology-Cahiers Canadiens De Sociologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47450598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Williams, Monica, The Sex Offender Housing Dilemma: Community Activism, Safety, and Social Justice.","authors":"M. Stobbe","doi":"10.29173/CJS29523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/CJS29523","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46469,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Sociology-Cahiers Canadiens De Sociologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46708949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simon, F. C., Meta-Regulation in Practice: Beyond Normative Views of Morality and Rationality.","authors":"Gabriel Ménard","doi":"10.29173/cjs29507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/cjs29507","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46469,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Sociology-Cahiers Canadiens De Sociologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43444072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tejani, Riaz, Law Mart: Justice, Access, and For-profit Law Schools.","authors":"M. Thornton","doi":"10.29173/CJS29508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/CJS29508","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46469,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Sociology-Cahiers Canadiens De Sociologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48505261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jansen, Robert S., Revolutionizing Repertoires: The Rise of Populist Mobilization in Peru.","authors":"N. Favero","doi":"10.29173/CJS29510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/CJS29510","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46469,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Sociology-Cahiers Canadiens De Sociologie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41544062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Workplaces have long sought to improve employee productivity and performance by monitoring and tracking a variety of indicators. Increasingly, these efforts target the health and wellbeing of the employee – recognizing that a healthy and active worker is a productive one. Influenced by managerial trends in personalized and participatory medicine (Swan 2012), some workplaces have begun to pilot their own programs, utilizing fitness wearables and personal analytics to reduce sedentary lifestyles. These programs typically take the form of gamified self-tracking challenges combining cooperation, competition, and fundraising to incentivize participants to get moving. While seemingly providing new arrows in the bio-political quiver – that is, tools to keep employees disciplined yet active, healthy yet profitable (Lupton 2012) – there is also a certain degree of acceptance and participation. Although participants are shaped by self-tracking technologies, “they also, in turn, shape them by their own ideas and practices” (Ruckenstein 2014: 70). In this paper, we argue that instead of viewing self-tracking challenges solely through discourses of power or empowerment, the more pressing question concerns “how our relationship to our tracking activities takes shape within a constellation of habits, cultural norms, material conditions, ideological constraints” (Van Den Eede 2015: 157). We confront these tensions through an empiric case study of self-tracking challenges for staff and faculty at two Canadian universities. By cutting through the hype, this paper uncovers how self-trackers are becoming (and not just left to) their own devices.
长期以来，工作场所一直寻求通过监控和跟踪各种指标来提高员工的生产力和绩效。这些努力越来越多地以员工的健康和福祉为目标——认识到健康和积极的员工是有生产力的。受个性化和参与式医疗管理趋势的影响（Swan 2012），一些工作场所已经开始试行自己的计划，利用健身可穿戴设备和个人分析来减少久坐的生活方式。这些项目通常采取游戏化的自我追踪挑战的形式，结合合作、竞争和筹款，激励参与者行动起来。虽然似乎在生物政治的箭袋中提供了新的箭头——即保持员工自律、活跃、健康和盈利的工具（Lupton 2012）——但也有一定程度的接受和参与。尽管参与者是由自我跟踪技术塑造的，但“他们也反过来由自己的想法和实践塑造他们”（Ruckenstein 2014:70）。在本文中，我们认为，与其仅仅通过权力或赋权的话语来看待自我追踪挑战，更紧迫的问题是“我们与追踪活动的关系是如何在习惯、文化规范、物质条件和意识形态约束的范围内形成的”（Van Den Eede 2015:157）。我们通过对加拿大两所大学教职员工自我跟踪挑战的实证案例研究来应对这些紧张局势。通过减少炒作，本文揭示了自动跟踪器是如何成为（而不仅仅是）自己的设备的。
{"title":"Becoming Your Own Device: Self-Tracking Challenges In The Workplace","authors":"S. Richardson, D. Mackinnon","doi":"10.29173/CJS28974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/CJS28974","url":null,"abstract":"Workplaces have long sought to improve employee productivity and performance by monitoring and tracking a variety of indicators. Increasingly, these efforts target the health and wellbeing of the employee – recognizing that a healthy and active worker is a productive one. Influenced by managerial trends in personalized and participatory medicine (Swan 2012), some workplaces have begun to pilot their own programs, utilizing fitness wearables and personal analytics to reduce sedentary lifestyles. These programs typically take the form of gamified self-tracking challenges combining cooperation, competition, and fundraising to incentivize participants to get moving. While seemingly providing new arrows in the bio-political quiver – that is, tools to keep employees disciplined yet active, healthy yet profitable (Lupton 2012) – there is also a certain degree of acceptance and participation. Although participants are shaped by self-tracking technologies, “they also, in turn, shape them by their own ideas and practices” (Ruckenstein 2014: 70). In this paper, we argue that instead of viewing self-tracking challenges solely through discourses of power or empowerment, the more pressing question concerns “how our relationship to our tracking activities takes shape within a constellation of habits, cultural norms, material conditions, ideological constraints” (Van Den Eede 2015: 157). We confront these tensions through an empiric case study of self-tracking challenges for staff and faculty at two Canadian universities. By cutting through the hype, this paper uncovers how self-trackers are becoming (and not just left to) their own devices.","PeriodicalId":46469,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Sociology-Cahiers Canadiens De Sociologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.29173/CJS28974","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47744040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Historical accounts of the business response to basic income proposals imply that employer attitudes have been mixed. In the 1970s and 1980s, when an array of basic income schemes was proposed, some groups were supportive and others were opposed. This paper shows that, in a number of high-profile proposals in Canada and the US, behind the apparent dissensus among business groups lays a consensus stance against universalistic and unconditional guaranteed income schemes. The disagreement among business groups comes down to either (1) a basic misunderstanding of proposal details, or (2) the fact that the policy itself can take on a wide range of concrete forms. To the extent that business has exhibited support for guaranteed income policies, the actual policies in question tended to be “two-tiered” rather than unitary, selective rather than universal, and miserly rather than generous. The income maintenance policies that garnered some support among business groups would all include explicit or implicit work requirements for “able-bodied” adults. By contrast, generous, unconditional guaranteed income policies that reduce workers’ market dependence—namely, those that basic income advocates find desirable—found no audience in business circles. I close by exploring the mechanisms underlying the impact of basic income on bargaining relationships in the labour market and comment on the promises and pitfalls of a social policy that continues to be highly malleable.
{"title":"“If the Work Requirement is Strong”: The Business Response to Basic Income Proposals in Canada and the US","authors":"David Calnitsky","doi":"10.29173/CJS29357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/CJS29357","url":null,"abstract":"Historical accounts of the business response to basic income proposals imply that employer attitudes have been mixed. In the 1970s and 1980s, when an array of basic income schemes was proposed, some groups were supportive and others were opposed. This paper shows that, in a number of high-profile proposals in Canada and the US, behind the apparent dissensus among business groups lays a consensus stance against universalistic and unconditional guaranteed income schemes. The disagreement among business groups comes down to either (1) a basic misunderstanding of proposal details, or (2) the fact that the policy itself can take on a wide range of concrete forms. To the extent that business has exhibited support for guaranteed income policies, the actual policies in question tended to be “two-tiered” rather than unitary, selective rather than universal, and miserly rather than generous. The income maintenance policies that garnered some support among business groups would all include explicit or implicit work requirements for “able-bodied” adults. By contrast, generous, unconditional guaranteed income policies that reduce workers’ market dependence—namely, those that basic income advocates find desirable—found no audience in business circles. I close by exploring the mechanisms underlying the impact of basic income on bargaining relationships in the labour market and comment on the promises and pitfalls of a social policy that continues to be highly malleable.","PeriodicalId":46469,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Sociology-Cahiers Canadiens De Sociologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.29173/CJS29357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49574130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Macías-Rojas, Patrisia, From Deportation to Prison: The Politics of Immigration Enforcement in Post-Civil Rights America.","authors":"E. Cruz, Katie Dingeman-Cerda","doi":"10.29173/CJS29511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/CJS29511","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46469,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Sociology-Cahiers Canadiens De Sociologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44805126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jonathan Fox, The Unfree Exercise of Religion: A World Survey of Discrimination against Religious Minorities.","authors":"Sadia Saeed","doi":"10.29173/CJS29465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/CJS29465","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46469,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Sociology-Cahiers Canadiens De Sociologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.29173/CJS29465","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47702761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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