Curtis Fedorchuk, Blake Himel, Douglas F Lightstone
Objective: Discuss non-surgical spinal rehabilitation for a 27-year-old male with thoracic and lumbosacral spondylolistheses. A selective literature review and discussion are provided.
Clinical features: A 27-year-old male presented with severe, 8/10 mid and low back pain. Initial lateral thoracic and lumbar x-rays revealed grade 1 spondylolistheses at T9-T10 and L5-S1 measuring -5.3 mm and -6.8 mm.
Interventions and outcomes: The patient completed 60 sessions of Mirror Image® spinal adjustments, exercises, and traction over 30 weeks. Post-treatment x-rays showed correction in translations at T9-T10 and L5-S1 from -5.3 mm to 0.0 mm and -6.8 mm to -1.0 mm, within normal limits. 1-year follow-up x-rays showed maintained correction.
Conclusions: This case is the first documented evidence of non-surgical or chiropractic treatment for thoracic and lumbosacral spondylolistheses where spinal alignment was corrected. More research is needed to investigate the clinical implications and applications.
{"title":"Improved Pain and Quality of Life with Corrected Thoracic and Lumbosacral Spondylolisthesis Subluxations Using CBP<sup>®</sup>: A Case Study and 1-Year Follow-Up.","authors":"Curtis Fedorchuk, Blake Himel, Douglas F Lightstone","doi":"10.3941/jrcr.v16i2.4413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3941/jrcr.v16i2.4413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Discuss non-surgical spinal rehabilitation for a 27-year-old male with thoracic and lumbosacral spondylolistheses. A selective literature review and discussion are provided.</p><p><strong>Clinical features: </strong>A 27-year-old male presented with severe, 8/10 mid and low back pain. Initial lateral thoracic and lumbar x-rays revealed grade 1 spondylolistheses at T9-T10 and L5-S1 measuring -5.3 mm and -6.8 mm.</p><p><strong>Interventions and outcomes: </strong>The patient completed 60 sessions of Mirror Image® spinal adjustments, exercises, and traction over 30 weeks. Post-treatment x-rays showed correction in translations at T9-T10 and L5-S1 from -5.3 mm to 0.0 mm and -6.8 mm to -1.0 mm, within normal limits. 1-year follow-up x-rays showed maintained correction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case is the first documented evidence of non-surgical or chiropractic treatment for thoracic and lumbosacral spondylolistheses where spinal alignment was corrected. More research is needed to investigate the clinical implications and applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":46520,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiology Case Reports","volume":"16 2","pages":"21-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9063820/pdf/jrcr-16-2-21.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10617539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumors (IMTs) are rare fibroblastic/myofibroblastic neoplasms that affect predominately pediatric patients and young adults. Almost half of the patients with IMTs have a chromosomal abnormality in the Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase 1 gene on chromosome 2p23. Although these tumors occur primarily in the lung, lesions have been reported in a variety of intra-abdominal organs like the liver, spleen, and mesentery. Small bowel IMTs are particularly rare. IMTs generally pursue a benign clinical course, however intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal tumors have typically shown higher local recurrence and even distant metastases. The most common presenting symptoms of an intra-abdominal IMT are abdominal pain and change in bowel habits. Laboratory results are nonspecific and can include anemia and minor elevation of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein. We report an unusual case of IMT in the small bowel causing the obstruction.
{"title":"ROS1-positive Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Small Bowel Causing Obstruction: A Case Report.","authors":"A. Budylev, I. Solar, R. Kessner, A. Aizic","doi":"10.3941/jrcr.v16i1.3928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3941/jrcr.v16i1.3928","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumors (IMTs) are rare fibroblastic/myofibroblastic neoplasms that affect predominately pediatric patients and young adults. Almost half of the patients with IMTs have a chromosomal abnormality in the Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase 1 gene on chromosome 2p23. Although these tumors occur primarily in the lung, lesions have been reported in a variety of intra-abdominal organs like the liver, spleen, and mesentery. Small bowel IMTs are particularly rare. IMTs generally pursue a benign clinical course, however intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal tumors have typically shown higher local recurrence and even distant metastases. The most common presenting symptoms of an intra-abdominal IMT are abdominal pain and change in bowel habits. Laboratory results are nonspecific and can include anemia and minor elevation of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein. We report an unusual case of IMT in the small bowel causing the obstruction.","PeriodicalId":46520,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiology Case Reports","volume":"16 1 1","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43288725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Patibandla, M. Auber, Stell Patadji, Yasmin S. Hamirani
We present a case of a 58-year-old woman who had a painful right thigh mass for a few months. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed no evidence of an intracardiac mass. She had a whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan two months later that revealed masses in her right lower extremity and a mass in her right ventricle that had not been initially reported. She had been initially diagnosed with an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, but this diagnosis was changed to a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with repeat pathology. She was subsequently hospitalized. An echocardiogram showed a mass covering 80% of her right ventricle (RV). Serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 9.4 × 5.6 cm RV mass with vascular and avascular portions and inflow and outflow tract obstruction. Computed tomography showed no other metastases. Due to a delay in diagnosis and a decline in left ventricular ejection fraction, the patient could not undergo palliative chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
{"title":"Right Ventricular Involvement of an Aggressive Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor.","authors":"S. Patibandla, M. Auber, Stell Patadji, Yasmin S. Hamirani","doi":"10.3941/jrcr.v16i1.4338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3941/jrcr.v16i1.4338","url":null,"abstract":"We present a case of a 58-year-old woman who had a painful right thigh mass for a few months. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed no evidence of an intracardiac mass. She had a whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan two months later that revealed masses in her right lower extremity and a mass in her right ventricle that had not been initially reported. She had been initially diagnosed with an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, but this diagnosis was changed to a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with repeat pathology. She was subsequently hospitalized. An echocardiogram showed a mass covering 80% of her right ventricle (RV). Serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 9.4 × 5.6 cm RV mass with vascular and avascular portions and inflow and outflow tract obstruction. Computed tomography showed no other metastases. Due to a delay in diagnosis and a decline in left ventricular ejection fraction, the patient could not undergo palliative chemotherapy or radiotherapy.","PeriodicalId":46520,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiology Case Reports","volume":"16 1 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47300380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Varma, Karaninder Singh, T. Caridi, A. Salei, Husameddin El Khudari
Migration of ventriculoperitoneal shunt into the pulmonary artery is a rare complication that can lead to shunt malfunction and cardiopulmonary complications. This case illustrates the significance of accidental transvenous placement of the shunt. Identification of the transvenous course of the catheter on cross sectional imaging can predict future catheter migration and also aid at surgical extraction. Formation of knot within the distal portion of the shunt catheter during migration or endovascular retrieval can occur, therefore measures to retrieve with knot and adhesions should be factored in before.
{"title":"Radiological correlation of mechanism of intravascular migration of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt and technical considerations for endovascular retrieval.","authors":"R. Varma, Karaninder Singh, T. Caridi, A. Salei, Husameddin El Khudari","doi":"10.3941/jrcr.v16i1.4346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3941/jrcr.v16i1.4346","url":null,"abstract":"Migration of ventriculoperitoneal shunt into the pulmonary artery is a rare complication that can lead to shunt malfunction and cardiopulmonary complications. This case illustrates the significance of accidental transvenous placement of the shunt. Identification of the transvenous course of the catheter on cross sectional imaging can predict future catheter migration and also aid at surgical extraction. Formation of knot within the distal portion of the shunt catheter during migration or endovascular retrieval can occur, therefore measures to retrieve with knot and adhesions should be factored in before.","PeriodicalId":46520,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiology Case Reports","volume":"16 1 1","pages":"22-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46382066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v15i12.4230
Chaitali Shah, Roland Y Lee, Sunil Jeph
Encephalocele is protrusion of brain parenchyma through a defect in the cranium. It is classified into various types based on the defect location: sincipital (fronto-ethmoidal), basal (trans-sphenoidal, spheno-ethmoidal, trans-ethmoidal, and spheno-orbital), occipital and parietal. Double encephaloceles are very rare with only a handful of cases reported in the literature and most of these cases involved either occipital or sub-occipital region. All, except one, cases of double encephaloceles were diagnosed postnatally. We present a case of double encephalocele with parietal and occipital components diagnosed in utero. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of double encephalocele involving the parietal and occipital skull bones diagnosed in-utero.
{"title":"In-utero Diagnosis of Double Encephalocele - Imaging Features and Review of Literature.","authors":"Chaitali Shah, Roland Y Lee, Sunil Jeph","doi":"10.3941/jrcr.v15i12.4230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3941/jrcr.v15i12.4230","url":null,"abstract":"Encephalocele is protrusion of brain parenchyma through a defect in the cranium. It is classified into various types based on the defect location: sincipital (fronto-ethmoidal), basal (trans-sphenoidal, spheno-ethmoidal, trans-ethmoidal, and spheno-orbital), occipital and parietal. Double encephaloceles are very rare with only a handful of cases reported in the literature and most of these cases involved either occipital or sub-occipital region. All, except one, cases of double encephaloceles were diagnosed postnatally. We present a case of double encephalocele with parietal and occipital components diagnosed in utero. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of double encephalocele involving the parietal and occipital skull bones diagnosed in-utero.","PeriodicalId":46520,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiology Case Reports","volume":"15 12 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45007275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v15i12.4329
G. Y. Tong, K. S. Leow, S. Gunasekaran, S. Hue, Sivasubramanian Srinivasan
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the small bowel mesentery is an exceedingly rare condition. It is an aggressive malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin characterized by osteoid formation. Final diagnosis is often made by histopathological analysis. However, we believe that prospective radiological diagnosis may be possible through careful analysis of densities (ossification) within the mesenteric mass. To the best of our knowledge, there is no current literature describing the radiological approach to making a prospective diagnosis of this condition. We present the 12th case of extraskeletal osteosarcoma worldwide and describe a radiological approach that is potentially useful in making a prospective diagnosis.
{"title":"Primary extraskeletal osteosarcoma of small bowel mesentery presenting with acute bowel obstruction.","authors":"G. Y. Tong, K. S. Leow, S. Gunasekaran, S. Hue, Sivasubramanian Srinivasan","doi":"10.3941/jrcr.v15i12.4329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3941/jrcr.v15i12.4329","url":null,"abstract":"Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the small bowel mesentery is an exceedingly rare condition. It is an aggressive malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin characterized by osteoid formation. Final diagnosis is often made by histopathological analysis. However, we believe that prospective radiological diagnosis may be possible through careful analysis of densities (ossification) within the mesenteric mass. To the best of our knowledge, there is no current literature describing the radiological approach to making a prospective diagnosis of this condition. We present the 12th case of extraskeletal osteosarcoma worldwide and describe a radiological approach that is potentially useful in making a prospective diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":46520,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiology Case Reports","volume":"15 12 1","pages":"10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43582261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v15i12.4052
C. Sardon, Christine E Foster, J. De Luca-Johnson, Adam J. Fehringer
We describe the case of an 18-year-old male Army reservist presenting with left lower extremity pain for which he was initially diagnosed with a stress injury. After failing conservative treatment, a radiograph was obtained showing a "lacelike" appearance of the medullary bone in the foot and ankle. Magnetic resonance imaging subsequently demonstrated widespread polyostotic marrow replacement with coarsened trabeculations. A biopsy was obtained which diagnosed the patient with polyostotic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma which is the most common malignant vascular tumor of bone. The patient ultimately underwent a below the knee amputation once computed tomography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis excluded distant metastatic disease. It is important for radiologists to be aware of this diagnosis because osseous epithelioid hemangioendothelioma can present like a stress injury and be mistaken for a less serious diagnosis while potentially having visceral involvement.
{"title":"Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of the Foot.","authors":"C. Sardon, Christine E Foster, J. De Luca-Johnson, Adam J. Fehringer","doi":"10.3941/jrcr.v15i12.4052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3941/jrcr.v15i12.4052","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the case of an 18-year-old male Army reservist presenting with left lower extremity pain for which he was initially diagnosed with a stress injury. After failing conservative treatment, a radiograph was obtained showing a \"lacelike\" appearance of the medullary bone in the foot and ankle. Magnetic resonance imaging subsequently demonstrated widespread polyostotic marrow replacement with coarsened trabeculations. A biopsy was obtained which diagnosed the patient with polyostotic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma which is the most common malignant vascular tumor of bone. The patient ultimately underwent a below the knee amputation once computed tomography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis excluded distant metastatic disease. It is important for radiologists to be aware of this diagnosis because osseous epithelioid hemangioendothelioma can present like a stress injury and be mistaken for a less serious diagnosis while potentially having visceral involvement.","PeriodicalId":46520,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiology Case Reports","volume":"15 12 1","pages":"20-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49264584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v15i11.4294
V. Chalfant, David Semerad, J. Gossen, A. Gurney, Cam Nguyen
Perineural invasion is a rare prognostic finding of squamous cell carcinomas that is associated with a poor prognosis. Early recognition of perineural invasion is imperative to improving treatment and lowering recurrence. Here we report the case of a 77-year-old Caucasian male with a suspicious mass on his forehead. Diagnosis confirms a squamous cell carcinoma with T1-weighted MRI findings significant for perineural invasion of the right supratrochlear nerve based on nerve thickening with loss of fat. Due to his immunocompromised status and the presence of positive margins after wide local excision, the patient is treated with adjuvant external beam radiotherapy of the nerve course. Risks of radiation-induced optic neuropathy should be weighed against recurrence in tumors that invade the trigeminal nerve.
{"title":"Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Clinical Perineural Invasion: Challenges and Review in Single Case Study.","authors":"V. Chalfant, David Semerad, J. Gossen, A. Gurney, Cam Nguyen","doi":"10.3941/jrcr.v15i11.4294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3941/jrcr.v15i11.4294","url":null,"abstract":"Perineural invasion is a rare prognostic finding of squamous cell carcinomas that is associated with a poor prognosis. Early recognition of perineural invasion is imperative to improving treatment and lowering recurrence. Here we report the case of a 77-year-old Caucasian male with a suspicious mass on his forehead. Diagnosis confirms a squamous cell carcinoma with T1-weighted MRI findings significant for perineural invasion of the right supratrochlear nerve based on nerve thickening with loss of fat. Due to his immunocompromised status and the presence of positive margins after wide local excision, the patient is treated with adjuvant external beam radiotherapy of the nerve course. Risks of radiation-induced optic neuropathy should be weighed against recurrence in tumors that invade the trigeminal nerve.","PeriodicalId":46520,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiology Case Reports","volume":"15 11 1","pages":"10-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70488854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v15i11.4149
Mina S. Mousa, J. Ford, F. Matar, T. Hazelton, S. Decker
Three-dimensional (3D) modeling and printing in medicine have emerged to encompass every aspect of medical applications. This ranges from education, illustration, and treatment, as well as patient care whether for purposes of diagnosis or treatment and surgical planning. In the past few decades, these novel tools have shown promising utility to help radiologists and the medical team to improve quality of patient care and outcomes via 3D printing application and utilization. This workflow will be illustrated through a ventricular septal defect (VSD) case at which 3D analysis was critical in the assessment and treatment planning of the patient's underlying medical condition.
{"title":"Implementation of 3D Printing in Medical Care for Preoperative Planning of Complex Ventricular Septal Defect.","authors":"Mina S. Mousa, J. Ford, F. Matar, T. Hazelton, S. Decker","doi":"10.3941/jrcr.v15i11.4149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3941/jrcr.v15i11.4149","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional (3D) modeling and printing in medicine have emerged to encompass every aspect of medical applications. This ranges from education, illustration, and treatment, as well as patient care whether for purposes of diagnosis or treatment and surgical planning. In the past few decades, these novel tools have shown promising utility to help radiologists and the medical team to improve quality of patient care and outcomes via 3D printing application and utilization. This workflow will be illustrated through a ventricular septal defect (VSD) case at which 3D analysis was critical in the assessment and treatment planning of the patient's underlying medical condition.","PeriodicalId":46520,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiology Case Reports","volume":"15 11 1","pages":"17-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44003330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v15i11.4326
Yonghao Zhang, T. Mirpuri, C. Ho
Primary epithelioid sarcoma is an extremely rare malignancy of the scalp. To date, less than a dozen such cases have been reported in the literature. The diagnosis often is a challenge to both radiologists and clinicians. This is largely attributed to the lack of literature on the imaging features of scalp epithelioid sarcoma. In this report, we highlight the role of multimodality imaging in the diagnosis of primary scalp epithelioid sarcoma and review the epidemiology, imaging, treatment options, and prognosis of these malignant scalp tumors. Displaying a multilobulated morphology, heterogeneous enhancement, and restricted diffusion on MRI, these tumors typically show central degeneration with hemorrhage, necrosis, and calcification. Wide surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy are the mainstays of treatment for localized scalp tumors. Nevertheless, the prognosis of patients with distant metastases at diagnosis is extremely poor compared to those with local or regional diseases.
{"title":"Primary Epithelioid Sarcoma Manifesting as a Fungating Scalp Mass - Imaging Features and Treatment Options. A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Yonghao Zhang, T. Mirpuri, C. Ho","doi":"10.3941/jrcr.v15i11.4326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3941/jrcr.v15i11.4326","url":null,"abstract":"Primary epithelioid sarcoma is an extremely rare malignancy of the scalp. To date, less than a dozen such cases have been reported in the literature. The diagnosis often is a challenge to both radiologists and clinicians. This is largely attributed to the lack of literature on the imaging features of scalp epithelioid sarcoma. In this report, we highlight the role of multimodality imaging in the diagnosis of primary scalp epithelioid sarcoma and review the epidemiology, imaging, treatment options, and prognosis of these malignant scalp tumors. Displaying a multilobulated morphology, heterogeneous enhancement, and restricted diffusion on MRI, these tumors typically show central degeneration with hemorrhage, necrosis, and calcification. Wide surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy are the mainstays of treatment for localized scalp tumors. Nevertheless, the prognosis of patients with distant metastases at diagnosis is extremely poor compared to those with local or regional diseases.","PeriodicalId":46520,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiology Case Reports","volume":"15 11 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42298511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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