Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00167487.2022.2019492
S. Essex, Olivia Wilson
ABSTRACT This article examines the causes of the current housing crisis in England and Wales as it has emerged since the 1940s and the potential contribution of an alternative model of sustainable housing delivery in the form of garden communities. The analysis focuses on the shifts in housing needs, political ideology, spatial planning policy, the house-building industry, and the role of the land market on the supply, quality and affordability of housing since 1945. The article discusses how the construction of new settlements, such as the Garden Cities and New Towns programmes of the 20th century, has once again emerged as a potential means to meet contemporary housing needs.
{"title":"Solving the housing market crisis in England and Wales: from New Towns to garden communities","authors":"S. Essex, Olivia Wilson","doi":"10.1080/00167487.2022.2019492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167487.2022.2019492","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the causes of the current housing crisis in England and Wales as it has emerged since the 1940s and the potential contribution of an alternative model of sustainable housing delivery in the form of garden communities. The analysis focuses on the shifts in housing needs, political ideology, spatial planning policy, the house-building industry, and the role of the land market on the supply, quality and affordability of housing since 1945. The article discusses how the construction of new settlements, such as the Garden Cities and New Towns programmes of the 20th century, has once again emerged as a potential means to meet contemporary housing needs.","PeriodicalId":46568,"journal":{"name":"Geography","volume":"107 1","pages":"4 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47127120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00167487.2022.2019493
G. Mowl, M. Barke, Helen M. King
ABSTRACT This article builds on the current recognition of the uneven geography of the second home phenomenon. Where other studies have attempted local-scale analysis of second homes, there has been a tendency to characterise localities as homogeneous and a failure to fully recognise key geographical variations in the composition of second home characteristics within local areas. This analysis demonstrates the importance of understanding the distinct place specificity of this composition including, crucially, the significance of the ‘residual’ category of second homes. Using data from the Spanish housing census together with local field observations, this place-specific heterogeneity is examined in the municipalities of the predominantly mountainous rural setting of the Alpujarra region in Granada Province, southern Spain. The wider relevance of the study area relates to its demographic history of rural depopulation combined with its popularity as a second home residential tourism destination as well as more recent localised patterns of counterurbanisation.
{"title":"The heterogeneous nature of second homes: the case of the Alpujarra, Granada Province, Spain","authors":"G. Mowl, M. Barke, Helen M. King","doi":"10.1080/00167487.2022.2019493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167487.2022.2019493","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article builds on the current recognition of the uneven geography of the second home phenomenon. Where other studies have attempted local-scale analysis of second homes, there has been a tendency to characterise localities as homogeneous and a failure to fully recognise key geographical variations in the composition of second home characteristics within local areas. This analysis demonstrates the importance of understanding the distinct place specificity of this composition including, crucially, the significance of the ‘residual’ category of second homes. Using data from the Spanish housing census together with local field observations, this place-specific heterogeneity is examined in the municipalities of the predominantly mountainous rural setting of the Alpujarra region in Granada Province, southern Spain. The wider relevance of the study area relates to its demographic history of rural depopulation combined with its popularity as a second home residential tourism destination as well as more recent localised patterns of counterurbanisation.","PeriodicalId":46568,"journal":{"name":"Geography","volume":"107 1","pages":"14 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42055773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00167487.2022.2019495
Sarah Mills, C. Waite
ABSTRACT In this article we examine the latest chapter in the relationship between the state and the voluntary sector in the UK. We present an analysis of the UK Government’s ‘National Citizen Service’ (NCS) scheme and map the landscape of youth services over the past decade. Drawing on interview data with delivery providers of the programme, and key government and policy actors, we explore the new geographies NCS has created and reflect on the wider implications of this programme in austerity Britain.
{"title":"The state and voluntary sector in austere times: 10 years of National Citizen Service","authors":"Sarah Mills, C. Waite","doi":"10.1080/00167487.2022.2019495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167487.2022.2019495","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article we examine the latest chapter in the relationship between the state and the voluntary sector in the UK. We present an analysis of the UK Government’s ‘National Citizen Service’ (NCS) scheme and map the landscape of youth services over the past decade. Drawing on interview data with delivery providers of the programme, and key government and policy actors, we explore the new geographies NCS has created and reflect on the wider implications of this programme in austerity Britain.","PeriodicalId":46568,"journal":{"name":"Geography","volume":"107 1","pages":"38 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42835852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00167487.2022.2019497
R. Bustin
ABSTRACT This article unpicks the geographies of homelessness in urban areas, which is a form of deprivation underrepresented in school geography. First it explores the micro- and macro-level factors that contribute to homelessness and how these affect the lives of homeless people. The concept of Firstspace, Secondspace and Thirdspace is used to deconstruct their lived experiences. After touching upon how the COVID-19 pandemic affected cities such as Las Vegas, Nevada, USA (which was forced to shut down, adversely affecting the lives of homeless people), the article focuses on the experience of a community of rough sleepers in the city. Here, the homeless are a product of a hyperreal neoliberal tourist economy who are forced underground into a series of tunnels constructed to remove water during episodic flash flooding. Their lived space involves constructing pathways of survival through the city, including dumpster diving and credit hustling. The article goes on to explore how learning about homelessness can help students to develop their GeoCapabilities, and offers a ‘powerful knowledge’ for young people to make sense of the changing geographies in their own urban areas.
{"title":"Teaching the geographies of the homeless: a GeoCapabilities approach","authors":"R. Bustin","doi":"10.1080/00167487.2022.2019497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167487.2022.2019497","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article unpicks the geographies of homelessness in urban areas, which is a form of deprivation underrepresented in school geography. First it explores the micro- and macro-level factors that contribute to homelessness and how these affect the lives of homeless people. The concept of Firstspace, Secondspace and Thirdspace is used to deconstruct their lived experiences. After touching upon how the COVID-19 pandemic affected cities such as Las Vegas, Nevada, USA (which was forced to shut down, adversely affecting the lives of homeless people), the article focuses on the experience of a community of rough sleepers in the city. Here, the homeless are a product of a hyperreal neoliberal tourist economy who are forced underground into a series of tunnels constructed to remove water during episodic flash flooding. Their lived space involves constructing pathways of survival through the city, including dumpster diving and credit hustling. The article goes on to explore how learning about homelessness can help students to develop their GeoCapabilities, and offers a ‘powerful knowledge’ for young people to make sense of the changing geographies in their own urban areas.","PeriodicalId":46568,"journal":{"name":"Geography","volume":"107 1","pages":"46 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41872447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199874002-0237
While there is debate about terminology, ‘refugee’ broadly defined refers to people who have been forcibly displaced from their homes. In 2019, there were 26 million refugees, 45.7 million internally displaced persons, and 4.2 million asylum seekers according to the UNHCR. By legal definition, refugees are those who cross international borders and are legally processed in another country; asylum seekers are those seeking legal protections in other countries; and internally displaced persons (IDPs) are individuals who have been displaced within the boundaries of their country. There are 148 state signatories, including the United States, on either or both the 1951 Convention on Refugees, formed in the aftermath of WWII, and the follow-up 1967 Protocol. The 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees outlined the legal definition and rights of refugees and the obligations of receiving countries. Taken today as customary international law, this agreement was premised on a right to move. In the 21st century, the refugee experience globally has been characterized by decreased mobility; protracted journeys that are punctuated with legal and physical waits and permanent residency in informal encampments; or increasingly dangerous travels via informal, illegal, and unsafe smuggling networks. Refugee management is a global process that both transcends and is shaped by the fortification of borders—national and otherwise. While much of the current legal framework dictating the rights of refugees was adopted in the context of large-scale war, in the 21st century causes of forced displacement include those that are war-induced or famine-induced, or caused by environmental change, natural disasters, government coercion or oppression, and the construction of large infrastructural projects, such as dams or mega-event complexes. To study refugees from a geographic perspective is to examine the spatial dimensions of the nation state system that legally and materially produces refugees, the multiple and interacting scales of government that oversee and manage refugee movements and settlement, and the embodied spatial experience of being displaced and dislocated across time and space. Moreover, geography offers methodological frameworks to understand and study the origins, impacts, and experience of forced displacement.
{"title":"Geography of Refugees","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/obo/9780199874002-0237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780199874002-0237","url":null,"abstract":"While there is debate about terminology, ‘refugee’ broadly defined refers to people who have been forcibly displaced from their homes. In 2019, there were 26 million refugees, 45.7 million internally displaced persons, and 4.2 million asylum seekers according to the UNHCR. By legal definition, refugees are those who cross international borders and are legally processed in another country; asylum seekers are those seeking legal protections in other countries; and internally displaced persons (IDPs) are individuals who have been displaced within the boundaries of their country. There are 148 state signatories, including the United States, on either or both the 1951 Convention on Refugees, formed in the aftermath of WWII, and the follow-up 1967 Protocol. The 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees outlined the legal definition and rights of refugees and the obligations of receiving countries. Taken today as customary international law, this agreement was premised on a right to move. In the 21st century, the refugee experience globally has been characterized by decreased mobility; protracted journeys that are punctuated with legal and physical waits and permanent residency in informal encampments; or increasingly dangerous travels via informal, illegal, and unsafe smuggling networks. Refugee management is a global process that both transcends and is shaped by the fortification of borders—national and otherwise. While much of the current legal framework dictating the rights of refugees was adopted in the context of large-scale war, in the 21st century causes of forced displacement include those that are war-induced or famine-induced, or caused by environmental change, natural disasters, government coercion or oppression, and the construction of large infrastructural projects, such as dams or mega-event complexes. To study refugees from a geographic perspective is to examine the spatial dimensions of the nation state system that legally and materially produces refugees, the multiple and interacting scales of government that oversee and manage refugee movements and settlement, and the embodied spatial experience of being displaced and dislocated across time and space. Moreover, geography offers methodological frameworks to understand and study the origins, impacts, and experience of forced displacement.","PeriodicalId":46568,"journal":{"name":"Geography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43819587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/00167487.2021.1970927
T. Hall, Pete Jones, Grace Nash-Williams
ABSTRACT Betting shops have been a familiar, if not universally loved, feature on the High Street in all towns and cities throughout the UK for some 60 years. In recent years, concerns have been expressed about the undesirability of their presence in the urban retail environment. This article analyses the geographies of betting shops in six urban areas in the UK. It explores the basic geographies of betting shops in these towns and cities and specifically the charges that they show a tendency to form clusters and that they are disproportionately found in areas of high deprivation. It finds some evidence to support these claims, but recognises some important qualifications. This analysis is set within the recent sharp decline of betting shop numbers in the UK. The policy implications of these findings are drawn out.
{"title":"Closures, clusters and deprivation: the geographies of high street betting shops in the early twenty-first century","authors":"T. Hall, Pete Jones, Grace Nash-Williams","doi":"10.1080/00167487.2021.1970927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167487.2021.1970927","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Betting shops have been a familiar, if not universally loved, feature on the High Street in all towns and cities throughout the UK for some 60 years. In recent years, concerns have been expressed about the undesirability of their presence in the urban retail environment. This article analyses the geographies of betting shops in six urban areas in the UK. It explores the basic geographies of betting shops in these towns and cities and specifically the charges that they show a tendency to form clusters and that they are disproportionately found in areas of high deprivation. It finds some evidence to support these claims, but recognises some important qualifications. This analysis is set within the recent sharp decline of betting shop numbers in the UK. The policy implications of these findings are drawn out.","PeriodicalId":46568,"journal":{"name":"Geography","volume":"106 1","pages":"128 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41837835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/00167487.2021.1970933
M. Ball
Introduction This article explores the range of methods available to analyse ice and deep-sea sediment cores. It also explores the value of such cores in the context of reconstructing a record of Quaternary climate change, or paleoclimatic reconstruction. Paleoclimatic reconstruction is an extremely important and useful field of research due to the practical benefits it provides for the study of climate change.
{"title":"An analysis of how deep-sea sediments and ice cores provide a record of Quaternary climate change","authors":"M. Ball","doi":"10.1080/00167487.2021.1970933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167487.2021.1970933","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction This article explores the range of methods available to analyse ice and deep-sea sediment cores. It also explores the value of such cores in the context of reconstructing a record of Quaternary climate change, or paleoclimatic reconstruction. Paleoclimatic reconstruction is an extremely important and useful field of research due to the practical benefits it provides for the study of climate change.","PeriodicalId":46568,"journal":{"name":"Geography","volume":"106 1","pages":"154 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47844169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/00167487.2021.1970930
A. Foley
Introduction It is increasingly being recognised that there is a need to anticipate future climate change so that we can respond to it with forethought. However, a ‘predict then act’ approach to climate adaptation might not be appropriate because plans that seem optimal under one scenario may be regretted if future conditions are different to what was projected (Johnson, 2021). Climate models have already generated so much information about the potential futures of our planet that climate scientists are now grappling with how to continue storing all the data (Baker et al., 2016). We need to reflect on how such information can inform climate action in ways that are meaningful and not maladaptive, and this requires a conversation about what climate models are, what information they can provide and how to make it ‘usable’ (Dilling and Lemos, 2011) for communities.
人们越来越认识到，有必要预测未来的气候变化，以便我们能够深谋远虑地应对它。然而，“先预测后行动”的气候适应方法可能并不合适，因为如果未来的条件与预测的不同，在一种情况下看似最佳的计划可能会被后悔(Johnson, 2021)。气候模型已经产生了如此多关于地球潜在未来的信息，以至于气候科学家现在正在努力解决如何继续存储所有数据的问题(Baker et al.， 2016)。我们需要反思这些信息如何能够以有意义且不不适应的方式为气候行动提供信息，这需要讨论什么是气候模型，它们可以提供什么信息，以及如何使其对社区“可用”(Dilling和Lemos, 2011)。
{"title":"Connecting climate models to community needs","authors":"A. Foley","doi":"10.1080/00167487.2021.1970930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167487.2021.1970930","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction It is increasingly being recognised that there is a need to anticipate future climate change so that we can respond to it with forethought. However, a ‘predict then act’ approach to climate adaptation might not be appropriate because plans that seem optimal under one scenario may be regretted if future conditions are different to what was projected (Johnson, 2021). Climate models have already generated so much information about the potential futures of our planet that climate scientists are now grappling with how to continue storing all the data (Baker et al., 2016). We need to reflect on how such information can inform climate action in ways that are meaningful and not maladaptive, and this requires a conversation about what climate models are, what information they can provide and how to make it ‘usable’ (Dilling and Lemos, 2011) for communities.","PeriodicalId":46568,"journal":{"name":"Geography","volume":"106 1","pages":"143 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42472653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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