Health Promotion Perspectives最新文献

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived social support (PSS) and dimensions of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and to examine possible gender interaction in the mentioned associations. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study conducted among 644 participants over the age of 60 years old in Tehran. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews conducted in their own homes, by using a structured multi-sectional questionnaire. The version 1 of the SF-12 scale was used to measure the HRQoL, consisting of two summary measures; PCS (Physical Component Score) and MCS (Mental Component Score). The Persian version of the Social Provisions Scale (SPS) was used to measure PSS. Four multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to examine the associations. Results: Older people with poor SPS score were 1.8 times more likely to be in the worst quartile of the MCS distribution (CI=1.11-2.93, P =0.021), and twice as likely to be in the worst quartile of the PCS distribution (CI=1.18-3.54, P =0.011). We found strong evidence to support the hypothesis of gender interaction in the association between economic status and PCS [Men: OR 0.28, CI (0.11-0.71); Women: OR 1.00, CI (0.53-1.88); P of Interaction 0.021], and a borderline evidence for gender interaction in the association between physical activity and PCS [Men: OR 5.32, CI (2.14-13.20); Women: OR 1.80, CI (0.82-3.93); P of Interaction 0.051]. Conclusions: Social support could be regarded as one of the main social determinants affecting HRQoL among older people. Men with poor economic status and poor physical activity, compared to women, are more likely to suffer from poor quality of life, thus men should be prioritized in financial support and life style and physical activity interventions.

Background: Nationally representative, household-based, health-related surveys are an invaluable source of health information, but face implementation challenges. In sub-Saharan Africa, these challenges are exacerbated when surveys include the collection of biological specimens. In this study, we describe the potential implementation challenges identified during field practice leading up to the 2020 Zambia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (ZAMPHIA) survey, and explore the role of two crises on community mistrust of, and apprehension to, participate in the survey. Methods: Using focus group methodology to better understand the influence of crises on ZAMPHIA participation, we conducted 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) in five districts across two provinces. FGDs were conducted with three purposively sampled study groups: recognized household heads, community leaders, and young adults aged 18-24 years. We used reflexive thematic analysis to develop themes from across the FGDs. Results: We identified two key themes: the ever-present threat a stranger posed to the community is enhanced by crises, and endorsement of community awareness through sensitization can mitigate outsider challenges in medical research. Conclusion: We argue that these crises emphasized underlying mistrust that can only be addressed with substantial investment in community engagement efforts to build trust and partnership in medical research endeavors. Our findings underline the importance of prioritizing community engagement through substantial investment in varied and extensive approaches to sensitization to facilitate community engagement toward community acceptance of ZAMPHIA and similar studies.

Palliative care is becoming increasingly pertinent to be strengthened across health systems around the world, and the United States is not an exception. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted provision and access to palliative care among patients with serious and complex illnesses, critically ill persons, and their families in the United States. Prior to the emergence of the pandemic, the United States faced a number of challenges ranging from racial discrimination, a stressed medical workforce, a lack of passable reimbursement for palliative care, and legal barriers, among others. Unfortunately, these issues have gotten worse amid the pandemic. This further revealed the need to invest more in innovative strategies that will ensure the provision of palliative care services during public health emergencies. In this article, we comment on the current state of palliative care in the United States.

Background: This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of models describing the integrated logistics operations performed as a response to natural disasters, with the hope to identify the challenges and limitations of healthcare systems in natural disaster management. Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and bibliographies of retrieved articles using MeSH headings and keywords such as natural disaster, logistics, model. A total of 98 publications were identified through the search process. Seven potentially relevant articles met the inclusion criteria. The key demographic, clinical, and pathological information of all qualified studies were extracted from the full-text articles. Results: Among the seven included studies, six had either model data or considerations on distribution methods. Storage, human resources, infrastructures, primary priority items, coordination of organizations, and information and communication with the media were also the focus of studies. The articles were mainly from Iran (n=2), the United States (n=2), and Indonesia (n=2). The models presented in the studies has mainly focused on a specific aspect of disaster management, such as smart government development, use of military services, people with logistic training and/or medical team model. Conclusion: This study systematically highlighted the crucial points that should be considered in managing natural disasters including human resources, infrastructure, storage, priority items, distribution, access system, coordination of organizations, information, and communication with the media. In this regard, we prepared a comprehensive comparison of possible models and logistics.

Background: In this study, we investigated the associations Lake Urmia's drought to the prevalence of thyroid nodules (TNs) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among local inhabitants of the lake. Methods: In this cross-sectional study which was started in 2014, we collected data on 992 adults who participated in the Azar cohort study, in Shabestar county, Iran. The sociodemographic status, smoking, and medical history of the subjects living in the areas adjacent to (n = 163) and far from (n = 829) Lake Urmia were collected through questionnaires. After obtaining written consent, anthropometric factors and blood pressure (BP) were measured. The lipid profile and fasting blood glucose (FBG) of the respondents were measured using colorimetric methods, and all underwent thyroid examination and sonography. Furthermore, the size and characteristics of nodules were determined with a fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) method. Results: We did not find any significant difference in the prevalence of TNs between the two groups (P=0.44), whereas the prevalence of MetS were significantly higher among the subjects from the regions that were far from the Lake (P=0.04). After adjustment for confounding factors (age and gender) in both groups, low risk of TNs (OR=1.20, 95% CI:0.89-1.62) and high risk of TNs (OR=1.19, 95% CI:0.65-2.19) were not significantly associated to MetS (P>0.05). Conclusion: In this study, Lake Urmia's drought was identified to be with no contribution to the prevalence of TNs and MetS. Therefore, long term perspective studies are suggested to reach precise results.

There is a high prevalence of infant mortality in South Asia and other parts of Asia, but overall, the bulk of neonatal deaths occur in developing countries. Although Pakistan has made great strides in the past decade to reduce child mortality with the help of foreign donors and the government, very little progress has been made in reducing neonate and infant mortality. Several studies have demonstrated the potential for low-cost therapies to greatly reduce neonatal mortality by helping pregnant mothers and their newborns. We need to shed light on the efforts and problems surrounding this topic in order to find and implement solutions backed by research to lower newborn mortality. This brief overview was produced using international standards for conducting reviews. Researchers opted for an explanatory methodology. Our findings were based on research conducted through PubMed, Google's literature database, Journals Online, and the Internet Library. All of the works consulted primary sources, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank. The desired findings were obtained by using the term "neonatal mortality." The study's authors were interested in tracking variations in neonatal mortality over time. The increasing prevalence of neonatal death in Pakistan emphasizes the need for policies and programs that prioritized the health of children. Neonatal survival can be improved with the help of basic obstetric and newborn care in Pakistan.

Background: The antenatal and postnatal periods are critical stages in a woman's reproductive life. Many physical changes occur during pregnancy, such as water retention and excessive weight gain. The aim of the present study is to find out the effectiveness of various behavioral interventions during pregnancy to prevent excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and postpartum weight retention (PPWR). Methods: In this parallel-group randomized controlled trial, 150 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy, aged 20-30 years, body mass index (BMI)≥18.5 kg/m2 and gestational age of less than 16 weeks were randomly allocated into five groups (N=30 in each group): Group A: Control; Group B: Supervised exercise; Group C: Pedometer; Group D: Text message; and Group E: Pedometer plus text message group. Group B received four supervised exercise sessions per month up to delivery; Groups C and E were urged to increase their levels of physical activity, focusing on pedometer-measured step counts of at least 5000-7500 steps per day on seven consecutive days each month. Group E along with group D also received standard SMS messages about physical activity, diet, motivation, and educational-specific topics. Results: The between-group comparisons revealed a statistically significant reduction in PPWR but insignificant difference in GWG. The greatest reduction in PPWR was found in the supervised exercise group (MD=3.25 kg, 95% CI: [1.75, 4.75], P=0.0001 with effect size (η² )=0.155). Conclusion: The study found that the supervised exercise can be seen as an effective way of improving the physical activity level and reducing excessive PPWR in pregnant women.

Background: Depression is the third leading cause of worldwide disease burden among youth, and nutrition- and diet-related behaviors have been considered as an effective strategy for reducing the risk of depressive symptoms. This systematic review aims to examine associations between dietary intake and diet quality with depressive symptoms among youth. Methods: In this systematic review, a search of scientific articles published between 2000 and 2021 was performed in four databases (CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo, and PubMed) according to the PRISMA checklist. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, observational studies that focused on associations between micronutrient, macronutrient, food group intake, and diet quality and depressive symptoms among youth, ages 3 to 18, were selected for review. Results: Thirty-two articles met the review criteria. Dietary intake of magnesium, vitamin B12, fiber, fruits, vegetables, and fish were consistently inversely related to depressive symptoms. However, the evidence of associations between intake of vitamins B6, C, D, and E, iron, copper, zinc, omega-3 fatty acids, carbohydrate, and dietary fat and depressive symptoms was mixed. Dietary effects on decreased depressive symptoms were more pronounced in children than adolescents. Additionally, most studies failed to adjust for potential confounding variables. Conclusion: This review provides preliminary and comprehensive evidence for a relationship between dietary intake, diet quality, and depressive symptoms in youth. Although the results are heterogeneous and more research is needed, our findings indicate the importance of nutrition interventions for youth for decreasing depressive symptoms or for preventing further symptom exacerbation.