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Gender Differences in Gambling Disorder: Results from an Italian Multicentric Study. 赌博障碍的性别差异:意大利多中心研究的结果
IF 2 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240407
Nicolaja Girone, Ivan Limosani, Camilla Ciliberti, Martina Turco, Laura Longo, Maria Adele Colletti, Maddalena Cocchi, Gianmaria Zita, Mara Ida Fiocchi, Beatrice Benatti, Caterina Viganò, Mauro Percudani, Bernardo Dell'Osso

Objective: Although gender-specific evidence on Gambling Disorder (GD) is still limited, some studies reported specific differences, mainly in psychopathological profiles, gambling behavior patterns, and pathogenesis. In order to further examine the role of gender in GD, we conducted a multicenter investigation in a sample of Italian outpatients.

Method: One hundred-four outpatients with a diagnosis of GD based on DSM-5 criteria were consecutively recruited at two clinics based in Milan. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were collected for the whole sample and analyzed for the effect of gender. The severity of illness was assessed using the Canadian Problem Gambling Index and the Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs (GABS).

Results: Among females, a significantly higher mean age (52.23 ± 10.95 vs. 40.96 ± 15.76; p=0.005) and older age at illness onset emerged (43.5 ± 11.92 vs. 29.22 ± 14.26; p<0.001). Females showed a significantly higher rate of psychiatric comorbidities, lifetime suicide ideation, stressful events at GD onset, and positive family history for GD compared to males. A predictive effect of male gender was found for the GABS questionnaires by performing a linear regression model, with males showing a higher risk to reach higher scores compared to females (B= 11.833; t=2.177; p=0.034).

Conclusions: Our study seems to confirm the hypotheses that gender in GD may influence psychopathological profiles, course, and comorbidity. GD in female gender is frequently a comorbid condition with other specific clinical characteristics compared to males. Identifying specific clinical factors by gender may prompt more focus on the public health of women in relation to gambling, while still recognizing that males are at-risk of earlier gambling problems. These findings should be considered in therapeutic perspectives.

目的:尽管有关赌博障碍(GD)的性别证据仍然有限,但一些研究报告了其特殊性,主要是在精神病理学特征、赌博行为模式和发病机制方面。为了进一步研究性别在 GD 中的作用,我们对意大利门诊患者样本进行了一项多中心调查:方法:我们在米兰的两家诊所连续招募了 14 名根据 DSM-5 标准诊断为 GD 的门诊患者。收集了所有样本的社会人口学和临床变量,并分析了性别的影响。采用加拿大问题赌博指数(Canadian Problem Gambling Index)和赌博态度与信念(GABS)来评估疾病的严重程度:结果:女性的平均年龄(52.23±10.95 vs. 40.96±15.76;P=0.005)和发病年龄(43.5±11.92 vs. 29.22±14.26;P=0.005)明显高于男性:我们的研究似乎证实了一个假设,即 GD 患者的性别可能会影响精神病理学特征、病程和合并症。与男性相比,女性 GD 患者经常合并其他特殊的临床特征。按性别确定特定的临床因素可能会促使人们更加关注与赌博有关的女性公共健康问题,同时也认识到男性有可能更早地出现赌博问题。应从治疗角度考虑这些发现。
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引用次数: 0
Euthymia, Psychological Well-Being, and Professional Quality of Life in Health Care Workers. 医护人员的 Euthymia、心理健康和职业生活质量。
IF 2 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240403
Emanuele Maria Merlo, Federica Sicari, Liam Alexander MacKenzie Myles, Salvatore Settineri

Objective: Euthymia is a transdiagnostic construct characterized by the presence of positive mood states, psychological flexibility and resilience. These components contribute to psychological wellbeing and support mental functioning. Exposure to suffering and high levels of stress can lead to the onset of burnout and secondary traumatic stress, but also lack of compassion satisfaction. The study aimed to test the existing relationships between euthymia, psychological well-being, and factors associated with quality of life of healthy participants involved in medical settings.

Method: The sample was composed of 177 healthy participants involved in medical settings, 118 women (66.7%) and 59 men (33.3%) aged between 19 and 69 years old (mean = 27.16; SD = 8.47). Standardized psychodiagnostics instruments were used to assess euthymia (Euthymia Scale-ES), psychological well-being (The Well-Being Index scale-WHO-5) and the quality of life of the involved participants (Professional Quality of Life Measure-ProQOL-5).

Results: The results showed that gender, well-being and psychological well-being were predictors of compassion satisfaction and secondary traumatic stress. Specifically, female gender predicted higher levels of compassion satisfaction. Well-being and psychological flexibility predicted higher levels of compassion satisfaction and lower secondary traumatic stress. Psychological well-being predicted higher levels of compassion satisfaction.

Conclusions: Promoting euthymia and well-being helps individuals to preserve psychological well-being and increase tolerance to stressful life situations. Results highlighted the need for promoting health care professionals' euthymia and well-being. In line with evidence, encouraging interventions based on evidence appears relevant.

目的:优越感是一个跨诊断的概念,其特点是存在积极的情绪状态、心理灵活性和复原力。这些要素有助于心理健康和支持心理功能。暴露于痛苦和高度压力下会导致职业倦怠和二次创伤压力的出现,同时也会缺乏同情心的满足感。本研究旨在测试参与医疗环境的健康参与者的 "幸福感"、心理健康和生活质量相关因素之间的现有关系:样本由 177 名在医疗机构工作的健康参与者组成,其中 118 名女性(66.7%)和 59 名男性(33.3%),年龄在 19 岁至 69 岁之间(平均值 = 27.16;标准差 = 8.47)。研究使用标准化的心理诊断工具来评估参与者的优柔度(优柔度量表-ES)、心理幸福感(幸福指数量表-WHO-5)和生活质量(职业生活质量量表-ProQOL-5):结果表明,性别、幸福感和心理健康是同情满意度和二次创伤压力的预测因素。具体而言,女性性别可预测较高的同情满意度。幸福感和心理灵活性可预测较高的同情满意度和较低的继发性创伤压力。心理健康预示着较高的同情满意度:促进 "幸福感 "和 "幸福感 "有助于个人保持心理健康,提高对生活压力的承受能力。研究结果表明,有必要促进医护人员的 "幸福感 "和 "幸福感"。根据证据,鼓励采取基于证据的干预措施似乎很有意义。
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引用次数: 0
Psychopathic Traits and Romantic Attachment: The Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation. 精神变态特质与浪漫依恋:情绪失调的中介作用。
IF 2 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240406
Flavia Spagnuolo, Antonella Somma, Andrea Fossati, Martin Sellbom, Carlo Garofalo

Objective: Research so far has investigated the bivariate relationships between psychopathic traits, romantic attachment, and emotion dysregulation. However, no research thus far has examined these concepts in their interrelatedness. The aim of the present study was therefore to shed light on the possible linking mechanisms among these concepts, examining the mediating role of emotion dysregulation in the psychopathic traits-romantic attachment link.

Method: The present study was based on an undergraduate (N = 238, M age = 20.36 years) and a community sample (N = 521, M age = 35.27 years) from the Dutch population. Participants were administered self-report measures of psychopathic traits (measured with both the Self-Report Psychopathy Short-Form and the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure), emotion dysregulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale - Brief Version) and romantic attachment (Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised). Correlation analyses and mediation analyses using a bootstrapping approach were conducted.

Results: Results showed that all the dimensions of psychopathic traits were related to both romantic attachment avoidance and anxiety, and that emotion dysregulation mediated all these associations (with only few exceptions). Except for boldness, all other dimensions of psychopathic traits were related to greater emotion dysregulation and, in turn, to insecure romantic attachment.

Conclusions: It is argued that the role of emotion regulation processes deserves more attention for the theoretical and clinical understanding of psychopathic traits and their correlates in the interpersonal domain, such as romantic attachment (in)security. When their interrelationships will be better understood, emotion regulation and attachment could represent relevant targets for intervention with individuals presenting psychopathic traits.

研究目的迄今为止,已有研究调查了精神变态特质、浪漫依恋和情绪失调之间的二元关系。然而,迄今为止,还没有研究对这些概念之间的相互关系进行过考察。因此,本研究旨在揭示这些概念之间可能存在的联系机制,考察情绪失调在变态特质-浪漫依恋联系中的中介作用:本研究基于荷兰人口中的本科生样本(样本数=238,平均年龄=20.36岁)和社区样本(样本数=521,平均年龄=35.27岁)。研究人员对参与者进行了精神病态特质(通过自我报告精神病态简表和三重精神病态测量)、情绪失调(情绪调节困难量表-简易版)和浪漫依恋(亲密关系体验-修订版)的自我报告测量。采用引导法进行了相关分析和中介分析:结果表明,精神变态特质的所有维度都与恋爱依恋回避和焦虑有关,而情绪失调则是所有这些关联的中介(只有少数例外)。除了大胆之外,所有其他心理变态特质都与更严重的情绪失调有关,进而与不安全的浪漫依恋有关:结论:本文认为,情绪调节过程的作用值得在理论和临床上更多地关注,以了解精神变态特质及其在人际关系领域的相关性,如恋爱依恋(不)安全性。当人们对它们之间的相互关系有了更好的理解后,情绪调节和依恋就可能成为对出现精神变态特质的个体进行干预的相关目标。
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引用次数: 0
Solitary Experience and Problematic Social Media Use Among Young Adults: A Systematic Review with Recommendations for Future Research. 青少年的孤独体验与问题社交媒体的使用:系统回顾与未来研究建议》。
IF 2 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240405
Mattia Pezzi, Paola Corsano, Gianluca Santoro, Alessio Gori, Manuel Gámez-Guadix, Alessandro Musetti

Objective: This study was conducted to summarize existing studies on the association between solitary experiences and problematic social media use (PSMU) among young adults.

Method: A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines, implemented in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and PsycINFO. We selected studies if they presented original data, assessed solitary experiences and PSMU in young adults (i.e., 18-30 age range), were published in peer reviewed journals between 2004 and 2023, and were written in English.

Results: After duplicate removal, 1,841 eligible studies were found. From these, 12 articles were selected, encompassing 4,009 participants. Most studies showed a positive association between general loneliness and PSMU. Some of these suggested that this relationship varies based on the facets of loneliness, other potential variables, and the type of social media. No mediating factors were found. Few studies assessed solitary experiences other than general loneliness, highlighting the need for a multidimensional perspective on solitary experience in investigating PSMU.

Conclusions: Implications and future research orientations are discussed.

研究目的本研究旨在总结现有关于青少年孤独经历与问题社交媒体使用(PSMU)之间关系的研究:根据 PRISMA 准则,在 Scopus、Web of Science、PubMed 和 PsycINFO 中进行了系统性综述。我们选取了提供原始数据、评估年轻人(即 18-30 岁年龄段)的独处经历和 PSMU、2004 年至 2023 年期间发表在同行评审期刊上、用英语撰写的研究:结果:去除重复内容后,共找到 1,841 项符合条件的研究。从中选出了 12 篇文章,涉及 4,009 名参与者。大多数研究表明,一般孤独感与 PSMU 之间存在正相关。其中一些研究表明,这种关系因孤独感的各个方面、其他潜在变量和社交媒体的类型而异。没有发现中介因素。除了一般的孤独感之外,很少有研究对孤独体验进行评估,这突出表明在调查 PSMU 时需要从多维角度看待孤独体验:结论:讨论了影响和未来研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Childhood Trauma, Mentalization and Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms in a Non-Clinical Sample: A Mediation Analysis Study. 非临床样本中的童年创伤、心智化和强迫症症状:中介分析研究
IF 2 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240305
Elena De Rossi, Claudio Imperatori, Francesco Sciancalepore, Elisabeth Prevete, Annalisa Maraone, Marco Canevelli, Lorenzo Tarsitani, Massimo Pasquini, Benedetto Farina, Francesco Saverio Bersani

Objective: Obsessive and compulsive symptoms (OCS) are cross-cutting psychopathological manifestations frequently detected in a variety of clinical and non-clinical samples. It has been suggested that impaired mentalization abilities and traumatic experiences during childhood may be relevant etiopathogenetic factors in the development of OCS. The purpose of the current study was to cross-sectionally assess these variables in a non-clinical sample, testing the mediational role of mentalization abilities in the association between childhood trauma (CT) and OCS.

Method: 667 participants (488 females; mean age= 29.76 ± 11.87 years; age range: 18-80) answered a survey including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Mentalization Questionnaire and the Obsession-Compulsion subscale of the Brief Symptom Inventory.

Results: The mediation model was significant for the total effect (p< .001), showing that CT was positively associated with OCS (95% CI: .006; .019) and that this association was mediated by reduced levels of mentalization capacity (95% CI: .003; .009). Such results were significant controlling for potential sociodemographic and clinical confounding variables.

Conclusions: The findings contribute to elucidate the complex relationships between CT, mentalization capacity, and OCS, supporting the possibility that mentalization impairments, arising from CT, may affect top-down control mechanisms thus contributing to the development of OCS.

目的:强迫症(OCS)是一种跨领域的精神病理学表现,经常在各种临床和非临床样本中发现。有研究认为,儿童时期的思维能力受损和创伤经历可能是 OCS 的相关致病因素。本研究的目的是在非临床样本中对这些变量进行横截面评估,测试思维能力在童年创伤(CT)和 OCS 之间的关联中的中介作用:667名参与者(488名女性;平均年龄= 29.76 ± 11.87岁;年龄范围:18-80岁)回答了包括童年创伤问卷、心智化问卷和简易症状量表强迫分量表在内的调查:中介模型的总效果显著(p< .001),表明 CT 与 OCS 呈正相关(95% CI:.006; .019),而这种相关性是由心智化能力的降低水平中介的(95% CI:.003; .009)。在控制了潜在的社会人口学和临床混杂变量后,上述结果具有重要意义:研究结果有助于阐明CT、心智能力和OCS之间的复杂关系,支持CT导致的心智障碍可能会影响自上而下的控制机制,从而导致OCS的发生。
{"title":"Childhood Trauma, Mentalization and Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms in a Non-Clinical Sample: A Mediation Analysis Study.","authors":"Elena De Rossi, Claudio Imperatori, Francesco Sciancalepore, Elisabeth Prevete, Annalisa Maraone, Marco Canevelli, Lorenzo Tarsitani, Massimo Pasquini, Benedetto Farina, Francesco Saverio Bersani","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240305","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Obsessive and compulsive symptoms (OCS) are cross-cutting psychopathological manifestations frequently detected in a variety of clinical and non-clinical samples. It has been suggested that impaired mentalization abilities and traumatic experiences during childhood may be relevant etiopathogenetic factors in the development of OCS. The purpose of the current study was to cross-sectionally assess these variables in a non-clinical sample, testing the mediational role of mentalization abilities in the association between childhood trauma (CT) and OCS.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>667 participants (488 females; mean age= 29.76 ± 11.87 years; age range: 18-80) answered a survey including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Mentalization Questionnaire and the Obsession-Compulsion subscale of the Brief Symptom Inventory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mediation model was significant for the total effect (p< .001), showing that CT was positively associated with OCS (95% CI: .006; .019) and that this association was mediated by reduced levels of mentalization capacity (95% CI: .003; .009). Such results were significant controlling for potential sociodemographic and clinical confounding variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings contribute to elucidate the complex relationships between CT, mentalization capacity, and OCS, supporting the possibility that mentalization impairments, arising from CT, may affect top-down control mechanisms thus contributing to the development of OCS.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"21 3","pages":"195-204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11277695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deontological Guilt Mediates the Effects of Personality on the Symptoms of Romantic Relationship Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (ROCD). 道义上的内疚感会调节人格对恋爱关系强迫症(ROCD)症状的影响。
IF 2 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240306
Luigi Tinella, Elisabetta Ricciardi, Teresa Cosentino, Alessandro Oronzo Caffò, Guy Doron, Andrea Bosco, Francesco Mancini

Objective: Relationship obsessive-compulsive disorder (ROCD), a clinical variant of OCD, is associated with personality traits and guilt sensitivity. Previous studies have not investigated whether the guilt associated with ROCD stems from deontological or altruistic morality. The main aim of the present study was to explore the differentiated impact of deontological and altruistic guilt on ROCD symptoms in romantic relationships. The study also aimed to test the mediating role of guilt in the relationships between personality traits and ROCD symptoms.

Method: Through linear regressions and path analysis, we examined the results of an online survey administered to 659 emerging adults, assessing the Big-5 personality traits, ROCD symptoms, and the moral orientation of guilt feelings (deontological/altruistic).

Results: Results revealed the negative influence of agreeableness and emotionality on ROCD symptoms. Moral dirtiness, as a facet of deontological moral orientation, was found to mediate the effects of personality predictors on relationship-centred but not on partner-focused ROCD symptoms, providing support for differential diagnosis.

Conclusions: These findings provide a clearer understanding of the cognitive determinants that sustain ROCD symptoms and offer evidence on associated personality traits. These results may represent a valuable source of knowledge for researchers as well as clinical therapists dealing with ROCD symptoms, couple disorders, and sexual dysfunction.

目的:人际关系强迫症(ROCD)是强迫症的一种临床变异,与人格特质和内疚敏感性有关。以往的研究并没有调查与人际关系强迫症相关的内疚感是源于 "去道义 "道德还是 "利他主义 "道德。本研究的主要目的是探讨在恋爱关系中,"去本位主义 "和 "利他主义 "内疚感对 ROCD 症状的不同影响。本研究还旨在检验内疚感在人格特质与 ROCD 症状之间关系中的中介作用:通过线性回归和路径分析,我们对 659 名新兴成年人进行了在线调查,评估了他们的五大人格特质、ROCD 症状以及内疚感的道德取向(利己主义/利他主义):结果显示,合群性和情绪化对 ROCD 症状有负面影响。结果:研究结果表明,宜人性和情绪化对 ROCD 症状有负面影响,而道德肮脏性作为去责任主义道德取向的一个方面,可以调节人格预测因素对以关系为中心的 ROCD 症状的影响,但对以伴侣为中心的 ROCD 症状的影响不大,这为鉴别诊断提供了支持:这些研究结果让我们更清楚地了解了维持 ROCD 症状的认知决定因素,并提供了相关人格特质的证据。这些结果对于研究人员和临床治疗师处理 ROCD 症状、夫妻失调和性功能障碍可能是一个宝贵的知识来源。
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引用次数: 0
Social Skills Interventions for Adolescents with Level 1 Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. 针对一级自闭症谱系障碍青少年的社交技能干预:随机对照试验的系统回顾与元分析》。
IF 2 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240302
Antonio Narzisi, Gianluca Sesso, Maddalena Fabbri-Destro, Stefano Berloffa, Pamela Fantozzi, Rosy Muccio, Gianina Bruzzi, Stefano Scatigna, Elena Valente, Valentina Viglione, Annarita Milone, Samuele Cortese, Gabriele Masi

Objective: Evidence on the efficacy of social skills training for adolescents with Level 1 Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is unclear.

Method: We searched Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science until July 27th, 2023, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of social skills training for pre-adolescents and adolescents (aged 9-18) with Level 1 ASD. We then pooled data on efficacy from individual RCTs by conducting multivariate mixed-effects meta-analyses in R. We estimated possible bias in the retained RCTs using the RoB2 tool.

Results: We retained 36 RCTs (encompassing 2796 participants), including 18 RCTs comparing an experimental treatment to a waiting list, and 18 RCTs comparing it to standard care/control treatment. Meta-analyses showed that experimental treatments were significantly more efficacious than waiting list or standard care/ control treatments in improving social skills (SMD = 0.3745; 95%CI = [0.2396; 0.5093]), as well as reducing behavioral symptoms (0.3154;0.1783, 0.4525) and anxious/depressive symptoms (0.2780; 0.0432, 0.5128). However, for some outcomes there was significant heterogeneity across studies and evidence of publication bias. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions did not identify any specific clinical or demographic factors as significant predictors of outcome. The most common risk of bias across studies was related to deviations from intended interventions and measurement of the outcomes.

Conclusions: At the group level, social skills training for adolescents with Level 1 ASD is efficacious, with small-to-moderate effect size. Future research should focus on personalized medicine approaches, aimed at tailoring interventions to specific characteristics of adolescents with Level 1 ASD.

目的有关社交技能训练对一级自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)青少年的疗效的证据尚不明确:截至 2023 年 7 月 27 日,我们在 Pubmed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 上检索了针对 1 级自闭症青少年(9-18 岁)的社交技能培训的随机对照试验 (RCT)。然后,我们通过在 R 中进行多变量混合效应荟萃分析,汇集了单个 RCT 的疗效数据:我们保留了 36 项 RCT(涉及 2796 名参与者),其中 18 项 RCT 比较了试验性治疗与等待名单,18 项 RCT 比较了试验性治疗与标准护理/对照治疗。元分析表明,在提高社交技能(SMD = 0.3745; 95%CI = [0.2396; 0.5093])、减少行为症状(0.3154;0.1783, 0.4525)和焦虑/抑郁症状(0.2780; 0.0432, 0.5128)方面,实验性疗法的疗效明显优于候诊名单或标准护理/对照疗法。然而,对于某些结果,不同研究之间存在显著的异质性,并有证据表明存在发表偏倚。亚组分析和元回归没有发现任何特定的临床或人口学因素对结果有显著的预测作用。各研究中最常见的偏倚风险与预期干预和结果测量的偏差有关:在团体层面上,针对一级自闭症青少年的社交技能训练是有效的,但效果有限。未来的研究应侧重于个性化医疗方法,旨在根据一级自闭症青少年的具体特征调整干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
Article Highlights. 文章亮点。
IF 2 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01
Federico Mucci
{"title":"Article Highlights.","authors":"Federico Mucci","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"21 3","pages":"157-158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11231724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Muscle Dysmorphia in Gym-Going Men: The Role of Narcissism Vulnerability and Perfectionism. 健身男性的肌肉畸形:自恋、脆弱和完美主义的作用。
IF 2 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240303
Hasan Emre Kandemir, Annarosa Cipriano, Marco Scotto Rosato, Barış Önen Ünsalver, Margherita Stabile, Stefania Cella

Objective: Muscle dysmorphia (MD) refers to a pathological preoccupation with the idea that one's body is not lean and muscular enough. Literature suggests that vulnerable facet of narcissism and perfectionism are strongly related to the risk of developing MD symptoms. However, until now, there is a paucity of research exploring their relationship, which is the primary aim of this study.

Method: Participants were 135 gym-going Turkish males (Mage=24.99, SD=5.38; range=18-43 years) who completed a packet of self-report questionnaires.

Results: Out of the sample, 51 (37.8%) were at risk for MD. A mediation model analysis revealed that vulnerable narcissism has an indirect relationship with the MD risk that is likely to be expressed via perfectionism.

Conclusions: Our results showed a higher risk for MD among gym-going males and provided new insight into MD's understanding. It appears that a narcissistic flaw and perfectionistic traits may be particularly salient factors to consider in both preventing and treating MD symptomatology within high-risk populations.

目的:肌肉畸形(Muscle dysmorphia,MD)是指对自己的身体不够瘦和肌肉不够发达的病态专注。文献表明,自恋和完美主义的脆弱一面与出现肌肉畸形症状的风险密切相关。然而,到目前为止,探讨这两者关系的研究还很少,这也是本研究的主要目的:研究对象:135 名经常参加健身运动的土耳其男性(年龄:24.99 岁,标准差:5.38 岁;年龄范围:18-43 岁),他们填写了一套自我报告问卷:在样本中,有 51 人(37.8%)有罹患多发性硬化症的风险。中介模型分析显示,脆弱自恋与罹患多发性硬化症的风险有间接关系,这种关系可能通过完美主义表现出来:我们的研究结果表明,健身男性罹患多发性硬化症的风险较高,这为我们了解多发性硬化症提供了新的视角。自恋缺陷和完美主义特质似乎是高危人群在预防和治疗多发性硬化症症状时需要考虑的特别突出的因素。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Executive Functions Training in Primary School Students with Borderline Intellectual Functioning Through a Multi-Method, Multi-Informant Intervention: A Pilot Study. 通过多方法、多信息干预对边缘智力功能小学生进行执行功能训练的效果:试点研究。
IF 2 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240301
Stefania Brighenti, Giovanni Cicinelli, Barbara Urdanch, Roberto Keller

Objective: Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF) impacts cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior. Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of Executive Functions trainings to support daily-living skills in several clinical populations. However, although the relationship between Executive Functions and BIF has been studied, few studies have explored the effects of cognitive enhancement training for BIF children. Given the pivotal significance of Executive Functions in learning, orchestrating cognitive processes, and modulating affective and behavioral responses, our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive enhancement training targeting Executive Functions in a group of 23 children diagnosed with Borderline Intellectual Functioning devoid of neurodevelopmental impairments.

Method: We included a multiple assessment based on several informants (children, teachers, parents, and tutors) and provided individualized cognitive enhancement training focused on Executive Functions through both digital and analog activities. The training was highly customized, structured and monitored at various stages of the process activities. The training was composed of 20 sessions, each lasting 2 hours, held twice a week for each child.

Results: The obtained results confirmed the efficacy of cognitive enhancement training in improving Executive Functions, the primary target of the intervention, particularly in attention, verbal fluency, planning, inhibitory control, working memory, and flexibility. Furthermore, improvements were observed by all the informants in other cognitive functions, learning, and adaptive behaviors.

Conclusions: Our study contributes to the understanding of BIF, emphasizing the efficacy of neuropsychological enhancement through personalized training for EF.

目的边缘智力功能(BIF)影响认知功能和适应行为。最近的研究表明,执行功能训练对一些临床人群的日常生活技能有帮助。然而,尽管对执行功能与 BIF 之间的关系进行了研究,但很少有研究探讨认知增强训练对 BIF 儿童的影响。鉴于执行功能在学习、协调认知过程、调节情感和行为反应等方面具有举足轻重的作用,我们的研究旨在评估针对执行功能的认知强化训练对23名被诊断为无神经发育障碍的边缘智力功能障碍儿童的疗效:方法:我们根据多个信息来源(儿童、教师、家长和辅导员)进行了多重评估,并通过数字和模拟活动提供了以执行功能为重点的个性化认知强化训练。培训高度定制化、结构化,并在过程活动的各个阶段进行监控。培训共 20 次,每次 2 小时,每个孩子每周两次:结果:所获得的结果证实了认知强化训练在改善执行功能(干预的主要目标)方面的有效性,尤其是在注意力、语言流畅性、计划性、抑制控制、工作记忆和灵活性方面。此外,所有受试者在其他认知功能、学习和适应行为方面也都有所改善:我们的研究有助于加深对 BIF 的理解,强调了通过个性化的 EF 训练提高神经心理学的有效性。
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Clinical Neuropsychiatry
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