Revista De Psicodidactica最新文献

Social anxiety has been widely studied over the past four decades. However, limited attention has been given to the relationship between social anxiety and interpersonal difficulties during adolescence. Adolescents exhibiting symptoms of social anxiety (SA) may also face challenges in their interpersonal interactions at school. This study aimed to identify distinct profiles of adolescents with social anxiety and examine whether these profiles differed in terms of the severity of their interpersonal difficulties (ID). A random cluster sampling was performed. The sample comprised 1,685 Spanish students (49.0% female) from 15 to 18 years old (M = 16.28, SD = 0.97). Participants completed the Spanish version of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) and the Questionnaire About Interpersonal Difficulties for Adolescents (QIDA). Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) revealed four social anxiety profiles: mild SA, moderate SA, severe SA, and extreme SA. Multivariate analyses (MANOVA) indicated statistically significant differences in interpersonal difficulties across the four clusters with effect sizes between d = 0.23 and d = 0.91. The mild SA profile showed the lowest mean scores in interpersonal difficulties whereas the extreme SA profile showed the highest ones. Intervention strategies are suggested as preventive or corrective measures to support adolescents who fall in high-risk profiles.

Teacher well-being is recognized as a crucial element in educational work. However, its configuration remains unclear due to the heterogeneity with which its analysis has been approached. This study has tested three measurement models that explain the configuration of this construct based on six variables that have been identified as relevant: teacher self-efficacy, psychological well-being, discomfort due to workload, well-being in the school organization, well-being in student interaction, and collective teacher self-efficacy. A cross-sectional investigation with self-report measures and structural equation models was conducted. The analyses also considered an opposing variable: Professional Burnout in the School. A total of 364 teachers from 13 schools in the Tarapacá Region, Chile, participated. The results have shown the fit of a model that explains a latent variable called the psychological structure of teacher well-being, which has a multidimensional, interactional configuration situated within school organizations. The central elements of this model are contextual variables that can be improved within each school through collective development. This challenges national educational systems to promote teacher well-being through school autonomy.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the predictive power of responsibility on the index of psychological mediators, this on the autonomous motivation, and this on the school climate and the perception of school violence through the Self-Determination Theory. A second objective was to verify the possible differences that may exist according to gender and educational stage. To this end, data were collected by means of self-reported questionnaires in different Secondary and Primary Education centres in Physical Education classes, with a sample of 1007 students from Primary (n = 294), Secondary (n = 601) and Baccalaureate and training cycles (n = 112), with a mean age of M = 13.30 (SD = 2.86). Of the participants, 53.6% were girls (n = 540) and 46.4% boys (n = 467). The data were analysed with IBM SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 23.0 software, using structural equation analysis. The results verified the predictive ability of accountability on the index of psychological mediators, autonomous motivation and on school climate and perception of school violence. The analysis of factorial invariance of the model confirmed its robustness to gender, but not to educational stage. According to educational stage, the analysis of variance showed significant differences between Primary School and Secondary School and Baccalaureate/Training, with younger students showing higher values for all variables except violence. It is concluded that responsibility has a relevant role in the educational environment, due to its predictive power on the school climate and school violence, as well as on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and autonomous motivation, following the Self-Determination Theory. At the same time, students in higher educational stages presented lower values of responsibility, making it necessary to work on it in the classroom. It is recommended that future research should investigate, on the one hand, interventions where the central core is the promotion of responsibility, in addition to conducting longitudinal analyses with samples of students in different contexts, checking whether the model of this study is corroborated and allows creating a line of work for the improvement of school climate and the reduction of the perception of violence.

University students develop proactive behaviors for better employability. An image of a future work self can motivate proactive actions in students. Personal resources such as academic passion and resilience may be the way by which the future work self generates proactive career behaviors. This paper aims to study the mediating effects between future work self, academic passion, and resilience to predict proactive career behavior. A total of 802 undergraduate students with ages ranging from 18 to 27 years, (M = 23.2, SD = 2.7) were recruited for this study. Descriptive analysis, correlations, and reliability of the scales have been performed. Then, a hierarchical regression model was designed to study the effect of interaction in a serial model with passion and resilience using PROCESS. The results showed significant independent indirect effects of future work self through harmonious passion and resilience on proactive career behavior. Furthermore, a serial mediation through harmonious academic passion and resilience was found. These results provide evidence of the role that academic passion plays in generating personal resources such as resilience The future work self may as well be a motivator for proactive career-oriented behavior in students.

Emotional skills have been proposed as distal determinants of achievement emotions. However, the specific role they play in such emotions and their effects on learning has not been defined. The purpose of this comparative study is to provide an ex post facto assessment of emotional intelligence (EI) as a predictor of the enjoyment and anger expressed while studying and as a mediator and/or moderator of its effects on the use of deep learning strategies. A sample comprising 603 university students (85.7% women; M_edad = 25.16, SD_edad = 8.42) completed the Trait Meta-Mood State-24 to assess perceived EI, the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire-AEQ for enjoyment and anger, and the Deep Learning Strategies Questionnaire. The stepwise regression, multiple mediation, and moderation analyses conducted showed that EI explains enjoyment and anger, although its different skills predict them differently. Enjoyment increases the use of deep learning strategies, an effect that is partially mediated by emotional repair. In anger there is less use of these strategies, and this effect is partially mediated by high emotional attention with little emotional clarity and repair. Similarly, a medium and high level of EI moderates the negative effect of anger on the use of deep learning strategies. These results show the benefits of being emotionally intelligent since it mitigates the negative consequences of negative emotions, stressing the need to teach emotional skills or promote EI in educational and cognitive contexts.

The school must be a safe space that guarantees the inclusion of sexual diversity. Teachers, as well as other possible educational sources, play a key role in this issue. The present study aims to explore the role of the school and other educational agents in the well-being of trans children and adolescents. To this end, 22 life stories written by mothers and fathers of girls and boys who had undergone social transition have been collected and a qualitative analysis has been carried out using MAXQDA software as a tool. For this purpose, three key periods have been considered in the stories: before, during and after having made the transition. Among other aspects, the stories include and value the support that is given to the children by the school, highlighting the role that the families attribute to the teachers as guarantors of their children's wellbeing at school and as facilitators of the transition. The lack of knowledge of child and adolescent transsexuality and the lack of teacher training in this regard, emerge as the main difficulties that these families encounter in the school environment. The role of the peer group and other non-formal contexts such as extracurricular activities are also highlighted as spaces of safety, support and acceptance being cases of rejection and bullying, an exception. The stories show that when the social transition takes place at an earlier age, the rejection and distress at school is lower.

Emotional problems constitute one of the main challenges for educational and social-health systems among young people. The main objective of this study was to study the symptoms of anxiety and depression in educational contexts. For this purpose, prevalence rates have been analyzed, a brief screening test to assess anxiety and depression has been validated and its relationship with psychological adjustment has been studied. A total of 2228 Spanish adolescents (M = 14.49 years, SD = 1.76; 52.9% female) participated in the study. The brief version developed to assess emotional problems was adjusted to a two-factor model (depression and anxiety). The reliability of the scores was ω = .82 and ω = .87. Symptoms of anxiety and depression have been positively associated with negative affect and emotional and behavioral problems, and negatively related with positive affect and quality of life. Emotional regulation difficulties seen to be common in educational contexts and impact on different indicators of psychological adjustment during adolescence. Anxiety and depression can be assessed with reliable screening test. It is necessary to implement programs for the prevention of emotional problems in educational contexts.

Many children in primary grades show difficulties with reading fluency, hardly reading text or doing it effortfully and fruitlessly, making intervention programs for struggling readers a priority for researchers and schools. This paper analyzes the results of a reading intervention program for 182 second-grade struggling readers (boys = aged 7-8 46.7%) from public schools. Students received a multi-component program, including repeated readings, word recognition, morphological analysis, text interpretation, and writing skills. Participants received about fifty 45-minute intervention sessions over the school year. Using a difference-in-differences, quasi-experimental between- (intervention and control group) and within-group longitudinal design (three-point measurements), we found that the intervention group progressed significantly faster than a classmate control group (n = 827, boys = aged 7-8, 52.4%) in all reading outcomes (speed, accuracy, and expressiveness). By the end of the school year, differences between the intervention and control groups in accuracy and expressiveness become small but are still large in reading speed. Implications for research and practice are presented at the end of the paper.

The relationship of certain cognitive processes with oral and written language is frequently studied, however, there is not enough research that tries to clarify the directionality of these relationships, especially in students with learning difficulties. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of an early intervention program for oral and written language on reasoning in pupils at risk of presenting learning disabilities. The program aims to prioritize and systematize the teaching of oral and written language through the ordinary school curriculum, through five instructional components: alphabetic principle, awareness phonology, reading and writing fluency, vocabulary, and text comprehension. A total of 53 girls and boys at risk of presenting learning difficulties have participated, from four to six years of age. A mixed and longitudinal research design with repeated measures has been followed, with four phases of evaluation and three of intervention, two groups of pupils (instructed vs. not instructed) and three study variables (reasoning, classification and seriation). The evaluation of these variables has been through test of classification and seriation, with adequate validity and reliability. The instructed group has obtained better scores in reasoning, classification and seriation than the non-instructed group throughout the application of the program. The efficacy of early, systematic and planned intervention of oral and written language is highlighted as a way to improve certain cognitive abilities in subjects at risk of learning difficulties.

To respond to external and internal demands in a therapeutic session, psychotherapists must carry out attention monitoring. Research shows that mindfulness practice is beneficial in promoting this ability and acting as a protective agent against adverse states. However, its implementation in psychotherapist training is limited. The aim of this pilot study was to explore the influence of mindfulness training on stress, anxiety, depression, and the mindfulness construct in trainee psychotherapists, while also examining its feasibility as part of their training. Fifty-one university students participated in the study, divided into an experimental group and a control group. Pre-training and post-training measures of mindfulness were considered. Both groups completed a battery of questionnaires related to adverse states and mindfulness before the training. Subsequently, the experimental group underwent nine weeks of mindfulness training. After the training, both groups completed the questionnaire battery again. The results showed that the group that underwent mindfulness training exhibited a decrease in adverse symptoms and an increase in mindfulness scores compared to the control group. These findings highlight not only the viability of incorporating mindfulness practice into the academic training of future therapists but also its utility as a tool for personal development and the necessary skills to effectively face and develop their professional practice.