Pub Date : 2023-12-24DOI: 10.1177/00961442231209298
Adrián Lerner Patrón
This article studies the socio-environmental history of a steel mill in Manaus, Brazil, the largest city in Amazonia. The Companhia Siderúrgica da Amazônia Sociedade Anônima, SIDERAMA, an integrated steel mill created in 1961 and liquidated in 1997 after a convoluted history of mismanagement, was part of private and public efforts to colonize the Brazilian Amazon through industrial urbanization. Exploring its impacts at a diversity of scales, the article presents it as a historical case study of planetary urbanization. The steel mill polluted the city of Manaus, and resource extraction to feed it with materials and energy disrupted environments and societies deep into the Amazon rainforest. This process underscores the global reach of urbanization during the second half of the twentieth century and the need to rethink the role of Amazonia during the Anthropocene.
{"title":"The Ruins of a Steel Mill: Planetary Urbanization in the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"Adrián Lerner Patrón","doi":"10.1177/00961442231209298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442231209298","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the socio-environmental history of a steel mill in Manaus, Brazil, the largest city in Amazonia. The Companhia Siderúrgica da Amazônia Sociedade Anônima, SIDERAMA, an integrated steel mill created in 1961 and liquidated in 1997 after a convoluted history of mismanagement, was part of private and public efforts to colonize the Brazilian Amazon through industrial urbanization. Exploring its impacts at a diversity of scales, the article presents it as a historical case study of planetary urbanization. The steel mill polluted the city of Manaus, and resource extraction to feed it with materials and energy disrupted environments and societies deep into the Amazon rainforest. This process underscores the global reach of urbanization during the second half of the twentieth century and the need to rethink the role of Amazonia during the Anthropocene.","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":"2009 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-24DOI: 10.1177/00961442231215086
Jeroen van Ameijde, Ying Jin
In the coming decades, affordable housing in sub-tropical cities will accommodate a large portion of the earth’s projected population growth. Hong Kong’s public housing program, through seventy years of development, offers valuable lessons in planning high-density and liveable communities in this climate. This article presents a systematic analysis of the design and layout of Hong Kong’s public housing estate layouts. Based on newly reconstructed three-dimensional planning data, the article analyses the spatial characteristics of 108 housing estates built between 1954 and 2020. Our evaluation shows how safety, privacy, views, and climate considerations have improved tower block and estate layouts. The analysis of planning metrics reveals a search process for the optimum balance between land-use efficiency and liveability throughout the decades. Increased construction heights have helped to reduce population densities and crowded living conditions. Pressures are increasing, however, to accommodate residents’ recreational needs within the decreasing amounts of shared in-between space.
{"title":"The Evolving Typologies and Morphologies of Hong Kong Public Housing: Between Implementation and Remediation of Urban Density","authors":"Jeroen van Ameijde, Ying Jin","doi":"10.1177/00961442231215086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442231215086","url":null,"abstract":"In the coming decades, affordable housing in sub-tropical cities will accommodate a large portion of the earth’s projected population growth. Hong Kong’s public housing program, through seventy years of development, offers valuable lessons in planning high-density and liveable communities in this climate. This article presents a systematic analysis of the design and layout of Hong Kong’s public housing estate layouts. Based on newly reconstructed three-dimensional planning data, the article analyses the spatial characteristics of 108 housing estates built between 1954 and 2020. Our evaluation shows how safety, privacy, views, and climate considerations have improved tower block and estate layouts. The analysis of planning metrics reveals a search process for the optimum balance between land-use efficiency and liveability throughout the decades. Increased construction heights have helped to reduce population densities and crowded living conditions. Pressures are increasing, however, to accommodate residents’ recreational needs within the decreasing amounts of shared in-between space.","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":"1984 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.1177/00961442231215829
Aditya Ramesh
In 1912, the Lancet published an article titled “The City of Madras and its immunity from epidemic plague.” The Lancet’s article was part of a spate of investigations by sanitary officials, bacteriologists, and epidemiologists into the reasons as to why the city remained largely free from the plague pandemic, which hit colonial India especially hard in the latter half of the 1890s. The absent epidemic in Madras suggests new ways to understand plague in colonial India and the relationship between the etiology of epidemics and cities more broadly. Colonial officials assumed that the plague would affect Madras in a similar fashion to the deadly outbreaks in Bombay and Hong Kong. The article follows varied explanations for the absence of the plague, showing how tropical environments were hardly inherently vulnerable to disease. Rather, the disease was constituted in specific urban environments, which had implications on understanding of disease vulnerability and immunity.
{"title":"The Plague in Madras: The Making of an “Immune” City","authors":"Aditya Ramesh","doi":"10.1177/00961442231215829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442231215829","url":null,"abstract":"In 1912, the Lancet published an article titled “The City of Madras and its immunity from epidemic plague.” The Lancet’s article was part of a spate of investigations by sanitary officials, bacteriologists, and epidemiologists into the reasons as to why the city remained largely free from the plague pandemic, which hit colonial India especially hard in the latter half of the 1890s. The absent epidemic in Madras suggests new ways to understand plague in colonial India and the relationship between the etiology of epidemics and cities more broadly. Colonial officials assumed that the plague would affect Madras in a similar fashion to the deadly outbreaks in Bombay and Hong Kong. The article follows varied explanations for the absence of the plague, showing how tropical environments were hardly inherently vulnerable to disease. Rather, the disease was constituted in specific urban environments, which had implications on understanding of disease vulnerability and immunity.","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":"200 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.1177/00961442231219686
Luke Ritter
{"title":"The Role of Religion in Nineteenth-Century Urban America","authors":"Luke Ritter","doi":"10.1177/00961442231219686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442231219686","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":"33 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138974780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.1177/00961442231217518
Aaron Bekemeyer
{"title":"How Police Make the World","authors":"Aaron Bekemeyer","doi":"10.1177/00961442231217518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442231217518","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.1177/00961442231210553
Dara Walker
This article examines the role of nontraditional education in Black youth’s efforts to navigate postwar transformations in Detroit, Michigan. While historians have debated the role of social movements in contestations over urban space, there is still a great deal to learn about the place of education and the young people who would inherit the city in these movements. Marshaling the analytical frameworks of social history and intellectual history, this article demonstrates that the use of education as a tool for political struggle was a practice that crossed institutional boundaries, from community-led political education to university partnerships to school-sponsored seminars. The nature of cities, with their expansive bureaucracies and vibrant political life, required and made possible educational projects that traversed institutional contexts. Within the city landscape, high school and out-of-school youth, academics, and labor radicals collectively reimagined the function of education in transforming urban spaces.
{"title":"Learning to Struggle, Learning to Govern: How Black Youth Marshaled Education to Navigate Urban Transformations in the Motor City, 1967-1972","authors":"Dara Walker","doi":"10.1177/00961442231210553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442231210553","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the role of nontraditional education in Black youth’s efforts to navigate postwar transformations in Detroit, Michigan. While historians have debated the role of social movements in contestations over urban space, there is still a great deal to learn about the place of education and the young people who would inherit the city in these movements. Marshaling the analytical frameworks of social history and intellectual history, this article demonstrates that the use of education as a tool for political struggle was a practice that crossed institutional boundaries, from community-led political education to university partnerships to school-sponsored seminars. The nature of cities, with their expansive bureaucracies and vibrant political life, required and made possible educational projects that traversed institutional contexts. Within the city landscape, high school and out-of-school youth, academics, and labor radicals collectively reimagined the function of education in transforming urban spaces.","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":"4 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138980584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.1177/00961442231209270
Daniela Samur
This article uses the case of the bookstore Librería Colombiana and the broad investment portfolio of their owners—the partnership Camacho Roldán & Tamayo—to show how networks of commodity exchange shaped Bogotá’s space during the late nineteenth century and its articulation to the rural and the global. I examine the combined speculative investments of the partnership in books, cows, and land to explain how they turned Librería Colombiana into a landmark in the city and benefited from the credit it yielded to further their social standing and economic power. By siphoning off capital from their hacienda to buy foreign books and urban land during the whirlwind of speculation spurred by the urban renovations processes, Camacho Roldán & Tamayo helped connect Bogotá to a global world of books, altering social and spatial relations, and reinforcing the city’s domination over its hinterland.
{"title":"Bogotá’s Librería Colombiana: Between Rural Haciendas and a Global World of Books, 1880s-1900s","authors":"Daniela Samur","doi":"10.1177/00961442231209270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442231209270","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses the case of the bookstore Librería Colombiana and the broad investment portfolio of their owners—the partnership Camacho Roldán & Tamayo—to show how networks of commodity exchange shaped Bogotá’s space during the late nineteenth century and its articulation to the rural and the global. I examine the combined speculative investments of the partnership in books, cows, and land to explain how they turned Librería Colombiana into a landmark in the city and benefited from the credit it yielded to further their social standing and economic power. By siphoning off capital from their hacienda to buy foreign books and urban land during the whirlwind of speculation spurred by the urban renovations processes, Camacho Roldán & Tamayo helped connect Bogotá to a global world of books, altering social and spatial relations, and reinforcing the city’s domination over its hinterland.","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":"51 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138593974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-03DOI: 10.1177/00961442231199500
Deirdre Clemente
This article considers the role of Chambers of Commerce in promoting and protecting the fashion industries in Miami, Miami Beach, Beverly Hills, and Los Angeles in the first half of the twentieth century. I demonstrate how the Chambers used sportswear to proactively cultivate a national image as a style mecca in order to lure trend-seeking tourists, business owners, and potential residents. Working alongside government officials, tourism boosters, and real estate developers, the Chambers facilitated collaborations between members including group fashion shows and professional organizations that sent representatives around the country to sell city-made collections. Chambers advocated for and promoted shopping districts such as Lincoln Road and Rodeo Drive, which brought in more tourists and more revenue. This article details how Chambers of Commerce facilitated the making, selling, and buying of American sportswear and the role this played in shaping the economic, social, cultural, and geographic landscapes of their beloved cities.
{"title":"“A Style Conscious Nation Eagerly Awaits”: Chambers of Commerce and the Making of the American Fashion Industry, 1900-1960","authors":"Deirdre Clemente","doi":"10.1177/00961442231199500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442231199500","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the role of Chambers of Commerce in promoting and protecting the fashion industries in Miami, Miami Beach, Beverly Hills, and Los Angeles in the first half of the twentieth century. I demonstrate how the Chambers used sportswear to proactively cultivate a national image as a style mecca in order to lure trend-seeking tourists, business owners, and potential residents. Working alongside government officials, tourism boosters, and real estate developers, the Chambers facilitated collaborations between members including group fashion shows and professional organizations that sent representatives around the country to sell city-made collections. Chambers advocated for and promoted shopping districts such as Lincoln Road and Rodeo Drive, which brought in more tourists and more revenue. This article details how Chambers of Commerce facilitated the making, selling, and buying of American sportswear and the role this played in shaping the economic, social, cultural, and geographic landscapes of their beloved cities.","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":"02 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138605885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.1177/00961442231215913
B. Brownell
{"title":"The Journal of Urban History at 50","authors":"B. Brownell","doi":"10.1177/00961442231215913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442231215913","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":" 43","pages":"3 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139197772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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