Health and Human Rights最新文献

In today's world of stark inequalities, medical education is increasingly recognizing the importance of exposing future physicians to topics such as health equity, social justice, public health, and human rights. A human rights-based approach (HRBA) to medical education centers these concepts as the foundation of equitable and accessible health care systems, comprising professionals who are literate in the social determinants of health and work to combat underlying inequalities. While medical schools and residency programs have preliminarily embraced this approach, the premedical curriculum has remained effectively stagnant since the early 20th century, adopting a narrow focus on the basic sciences and competitive individualism. In this essay, I argue that the premedical years represent a crucial, yet thus far overlooked, time frame in which to cultivate the values, qualities, and career expectations required of physicians under an HRBA to medical education, and critique how the current system generally fails to accomplish this. As a potential solution to realign the premedical curriculum with an HRBA and promote greater synergy within the medical education pipeline, I promote the introduction of premedical service-learning courses, which combine formal instruction in social justice, public health, and human rights with student-led community service projects.

This scoping review examines systemic and direct health care discrimination in Ontario, Canada, from 2021 to 2024, analyzing claims, contexts, affected groups, interventions, and research gaps. It reviews 23 Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario cases, 11 articles, and 5 gray literature reports. Findings highlight prevalent discrimination claims, including denial of service, denial of entitlement, service removal, and reprisal, which disproportionately affect Indigenous Peoples, racialized groups, and individuals with disabilities. Studies emphasized policy and educational interventions, advocating culturally informed practices and rural resource equity. Following the spirit and intent of human rights law, which is preventative and remedial and not punitive, the review recommends several policy reforms, increased representation of marginalized groups, and mediation to address claims. It urges codifying health care as a constitutional right to ensure an inclusive system meeting Ontario's diverse needs.

This paper presents testimony from a primary care physician about the challenges of navigating post-assault health service referral options and judicial remedies for adolescent survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) in rural communities in eastern Bolivia. We examine the protections outlined in various international, regional, and national laws; discuss relevant legal instruments and policies that aim to safeguard the sexual and reproductive health rights of adolescents; and outline mechanisms for their enforcement. We then apply the availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality framework to analyze the extent to which post-assault health services and judicial remedies for adolescent survivors of GBV are sufficient, equitable, and effective. Through our application of this framework, we observe that many adolescent survivors likely experience re-victimization and re-traumatization as they navigate a fragmented patchwork of resources following their victimization. Based on this analysis, we argue for the integration of a human rights framework in designing, implementing, and evaluating post-assault care for adolescent survivors of GBV. We also contend that the 2023 ruling by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in Angulo Losada v. Bolivia sets a legal precedent for holding Bolivia accountable for ensuring that adolescent victims of GBV experience their human and constitutional rights in rural, resource-variable communities in Bolivia.