Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.1108/imefm-05-2022-0200
Abdulahi Ahmed Wazir, Sedat Durmuşkaya
Purpose The main purpose of this study is to experiment with interest-free microfinance (IFMF) products and investigate the factors affecting IFMF institutions. Design/methodology/approach This study uses both quantitative and qualitative data types that will be collected through questionnaires, secondary data, interviews and experimental tests to answer key questions. The collected data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis ANOVA. This study determines the factors affecting the default rate of Islamic microfinance (MF) products, and evaluates the repayment performance of IFMF products using field experiments. Findings The participants found that the repayment performance level is higher than that of Qard Al-Hassan, which shows that it is one of the best mechanisms to reduce the default rate among borrowers. It has been observed that women have higher repayment performance than men, and those with different income sources have higher repayment performance levels than those who do not. This study showed that the effects of age, marital status and educational status on the repayment performance level of the participants were not statistically significant. In addition, it was shown that the participants’ status of having or not having children did not have a significant effect on the level of repayment performance. Originality/value This study differs from other studies in two ways. First, in terms of field experimentation, this study focuses on the practical impact of IFMF products on customer reimbursement performance. Second, this study tested different demographic variables that could affect the reimbursement performance.
目的本研究的主要目的是对无息小额信贷（IFMF）产品进行实验，并调查影响IFMF机构的因素。设计/方法论/方法本研究使用定量和定性数据类型，这些数据类型将通过问卷、二次数据、访谈和实验测试收集，以回答关键问题。使用重复测量分析ANOVA对收集的数据进行分析。本研究确定了影响伊斯兰小额信贷（MF）产品违约率的因素，并通过实地实验评估了IFMF产品的还款性能。调查结果参与者发现，还款绩效水平高于Qard Al Hassan，这表明这是降低借款人违约率的最佳机制之一。据观察，女性比男性有更高的还款绩效，不同收入来源的女性比没有收入来源的男性有更大的还款绩效。这项研究表明，年龄、婚姻状况和教育状况对参与者还款绩效水平的影响没有统计学意义。此外，研究表明，参与者是否有孩子的状况对还款水平没有显著影响。原创性/价值这项研究与其他研究有两个不同之处。首先，在现场实验方面，本研究侧重于IFMF产品对客户报销绩效的实际影响。其次，本研究测试了可能影响报销绩效的不同人口统计学变量。
{"title":"Experiment on interest-free microfinance products","authors":"Abdulahi Ahmed Wazir, Sedat Durmuşkaya","doi":"10.1108/imefm-05-2022-0200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imefm-05-2022-0200","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The main purpose of this study is to experiment with interest-free microfinance (IFMF) products and investigate the factors affecting IFMF institutions.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This study uses both quantitative and qualitative data types that will be collected through questionnaires, secondary data, interviews and experimental tests to answer key questions. The collected data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis ANOVA. This study determines the factors affecting the default rate of Islamic microfinance (MF) products, and evaluates the repayment performance of IFMF products using field experiments.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The participants found that the repayment performance level is higher than that of Qard Al-Hassan, which shows that it is one of the best mechanisms to reduce the default rate among borrowers. It has been observed that women have higher repayment performance than men, and those with different income sources have higher repayment performance levels than those who do not. This study showed that the effects of age, marital status and educational status on the repayment performance level of the participants were not statistically significant. In addition, it was shown that the participants’ status of having or not having children did not have a significant effect on the level of repayment performance.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study differs from other studies in two ways. First, in terms of field experimentation, this study focuses on the practical impact of IFMF products on customer reimbursement performance. Second, this study tested different demographic variables that could affect the reimbursement performance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":47091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49479288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1108/imefm-02-2022-0057
Rahma Tahri, M. Boujelbene, K. Hussainey, Sherif El-halaby
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to construct an investment account holders' transparency and disclosure (IAH-T&D) index based on the new and revised accounting standard for investment accounts of the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions Standards (AAOIFI) (2020). It also aims to measure and compare the compliance level with IAH-T&D over years and between countries. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the content analysis method to analyze the content of 270 annual reports across 30 Islamic banks (IBs) in 10 Middle East and North Africa countries during the period from 2010 to 2019. Findings This study introduces a new IAH-T&D index which consists of 27 items representing four categories: investment accounts disclosure (11 items), incentive earnings disclosure (1 item), allocations and reserve disclosure (4 items) and general requirements for disclosure (11 items). The analysis shows that the level of IAH-T&D is 51%. The level of compliance varies over the years and across countries. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that offers an original self-constructed-T&D index that could enhance future research related to determinants and consequences of IAH-T&D practice in IBs.
{"title":"Compliance with investment account holders’ transparency and disclosure requirement: evidence from the Middle East and North Africa region","authors":"Rahma Tahri, M. Boujelbene, K. Hussainey, Sherif El-halaby","doi":"10.1108/imefm-02-2022-0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imefm-02-2022-0057","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to construct an investment account holders' transparency and disclosure (IAH-T&D) index based on the new and revised accounting standard for investment accounts of the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions Standards (AAOIFI) (2020). It also aims to measure and compare the compliance level with IAH-T&D over years and between countries.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This study uses the content analysis method to analyze the content of 270 annual reports across 30 Islamic banks (IBs) in 10 Middle East and North Africa countries during the period from 2010 to 2019.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000This study introduces a new IAH-T&D index which consists of 27 items representing four categories: investment accounts disclosure (11 items), incentive earnings disclosure (1 item), allocations and reserve disclosure (4 items) and general requirements for disclosure (11 items). The analysis shows that the level of IAH-T&D is 51%. The level of compliance varies over the years and across countries.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that offers an original self-constructed-T&D index that could enhance future research related to determinants and consequences of IAH-T&D practice in IBs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":47091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46886534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-11DOI: 10.1108/imefm-05-2022-0185
M. Hassan, Muhammed Tarık İslam, Zobayer Ahmed, Jahidul Islam Sarker
Purpose In recent years, Islamic banking (IB) has received a lot of scholarly interest, as seen by the substantial increase in publications on the subject worldwide. The increasing rate of publications on IB indicates that this subject has attracted a substantial amount of scholarly attention. It has also been a prioritized topic for many banking and financial scholars in Bangladesh. This paper aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to assess the research on IB in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach The method used in this study is a bibliometric analysis of the sample literature collected in January 2022 from the SCOPUS database. The sample size of the study is 120 articles published between 1999 and 2021 which meet the specific selection criteria. To analyze the data, software such as Rstudio (Rshiny), Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer have been used. The analyses were performed in three broad categories: overall performance indicators, citation analysis and cross-dimensional keyword analysis, followed by a brief content analysis that identifies research streams. Findings This paper shows a notable increase in the number of publications between 2012 and 2021 with Alam M.K. being the highest contributor to this momentum publishing 12 articles. The findings also highlight the most contributing countries, organizations, publications, articles, sources and subjects. Out of 120 articles, this study has identified 14 research streams that have already been investigated by previous authors. The research streams include the growth of IB in Bangladesh; corporate social responsibility; Islamic human resource management; comparative study; customer satisfaction; development issues; efficiency of Islamic banks; green banking; Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited; IB industry; Islamic finance; Islamic microfinance; Shariah governance; and theoretical aspects of IB in Bangladesh. This study further identified future research agenda with specific research questions. Research limitations/implications This research is limited to journal articles published in English in Scopus-indexed publications. Further research could include various databases, such as the Web of Science, and increase studied units. While this study focused only on bibliometric analysis and research streams, future studies may center on the systematic review of articles published on specific topics. Originality/value Although IB is a rising sector in the financial system of Bangladesh, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first bibliometric analysis of IB in Bangladesh. The 14 research streams identified in this study also uniquely provide 10 future research agendas with 39 specific research questions.
{"title":"Islamic banking in Bangladesh: a literature review and future research agenda","authors":"M. Hassan, Muhammed Tarık İslam, Zobayer Ahmed, Jahidul Islam Sarker","doi":"10.1108/imefm-05-2022-0185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imefm-05-2022-0185","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000In recent years, Islamic banking (IB) has received a lot of scholarly interest, as seen by the substantial increase in publications on the subject worldwide. The increasing rate of publications on IB indicates that this subject has attracted a substantial amount of scholarly attention. It has also been a prioritized topic for many banking and financial scholars in Bangladesh. This paper aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to assess the research on IB in Bangladesh.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The method used in this study is a bibliometric analysis of the sample literature collected in January 2022 from the SCOPUS database. The sample size of the study is 120 articles published between 1999 and 2021 which meet the specific selection criteria. To analyze the data, software such as Rstudio (Rshiny), Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer have been used. The analyses were performed in three broad categories: overall performance indicators, citation analysis and cross-dimensional keyword analysis, followed by a brief content analysis that identifies research streams.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000This paper shows a notable increase in the number of publications between 2012 and 2021 with Alam M.K. being the highest contributor to this momentum publishing 12 articles. The findings also highlight the most contributing countries, organizations, publications, articles, sources and subjects. Out of 120 articles, this study has identified 14 research streams that have already been investigated by previous authors. The research streams include the growth of IB in Bangladesh; corporate social responsibility; Islamic human resource management; comparative study; customer satisfaction; development issues; efficiency of Islamic banks; green banking; Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited; IB industry; Islamic finance; Islamic microfinance; Shariah governance; and theoretical aspects of IB in Bangladesh. This study further identified future research agenda with specific research questions.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000This research is limited to journal articles published in English in Scopus-indexed publications. Further research could include various databases, such as the Web of Science, and increase studied units. While this study focused only on bibliometric analysis and research streams, future studies may center on the systematic review of articles published on specific topics.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Although IB is a rising sector in the financial system of Bangladesh, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first bibliometric analysis of IB in Bangladesh. The 14 research streams identified in this study also uniquely provide 10 future research agendas with 39 specific research questions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":47091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41832670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-11DOI: 10.1108/imefm-07-2021-0264
I. Jaswir, D. Sari, Mohd Radzi Haji Che Daud, R. Sukmana
Purpose This study aims to identify the factor that could be able to motivate the food industry to take part in the standardization process and analyse which motive is the most influential one. This study also examines the relationship between the motive and the implementation itself. Design/methodology/approach As one of Malaysian Standard, MS1500 is focused on halal food matters. This standard was established by the Malaysian Government to realize their dream of becoming the leader in the global halal market. However, there are still many food and beverage small and medium-sized entterprises owned by Indigenous Muslims in Malaysia who still take it for granted by claiming that their products are halal without ever signing up for the halal certificate or implementing MS1500. Findings The findings of this study can be used as an input for the Malaysian Government, so they will be able to plan any suitable programme that can promote the implementation of this standard. Practical implications The halal food industry has grown significantly around the world. By category of spending, the halal food and beverages industry holds the biggest share, with a value of about US$1,303bn in 2017 and is expected to reach US$1,863bn by 2023. These big opportunities have been captured by several countries in the world, including Malaysia. As a Moslem country, Malaysia aspires to be the halal hub and has aggressively worked towards becoming the key player in delivering halal food products. By understanding the motives behind the implementation of the halal standard by the food industry, we can develop strategies to expand the growth of the halal industry itself. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of its kind that has been conducted to explore the motives behind the implementation of halal food standards by the food industry, especially in Malaysia. From the review of the current literature, it is found that studies on halal food certification and halal logo mainly focused on the consumer side instead of the industry side. On top of that, it is also found that previous studies mostly adopted two notable theories, namely, theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behaviour. To elaborate on and use plenty of other theories in performing a halal standard research, the three isomorphism pressure from institutional theory of DiMaggio and Powell has been chosen as a pertinent theory in this study. As a result, the theoretical gap and the uneven scope of halal food standard and certification research, with particular attention on the industry or manufacturer side, are expected to be bridged. This theory is also used to identify the most dominant motive. Moreover, this study examined the relationship between the motive behind standardization and the standardization itself.
{"title":"Motives for participation in halal food standard implementation: an empirical study in Malaysian halal food industry","authors":"I. Jaswir, D. Sari, Mohd Radzi Haji Che Daud, R. Sukmana","doi":"10.1108/imefm-07-2021-0264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imefm-07-2021-0264","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to identify the factor that could be able to motivate the food industry to take part in the standardization process and analyse which motive is the most influential one. This study also examines the relationship between the motive and the implementation itself.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000As one of Malaysian Standard, MS1500 is focused on halal food matters. This standard was established by the Malaysian Government to realize their dream of becoming the leader in the global halal market. However, there are still many food and beverage small and medium-sized entterprises owned by Indigenous Muslims in Malaysia who still take it for granted by claiming that their products are halal without ever signing up for the halal certificate or implementing MS1500.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The findings of this study can be used as an input for the Malaysian Government, so they will be able to plan any suitable programme that can promote the implementation of this standard.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The halal food industry has grown significantly around the world. By category of spending, the halal food and beverages industry holds the biggest share, with a value of about US$1,303bn in 2017 and is expected to reach US$1,863bn by 2023. These big opportunities have been captured by several countries in the world, including Malaysia. As a Moslem country, Malaysia aspires to be the halal hub and has aggressively worked towards becoming the key player in delivering halal food products. By understanding the motives behind the implementation of the halal standard by the food industry, we can develop strategies to expand the growth of the halal industry itself.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of its kind that has been conducted to explore the motives behind the implementation of halal food standards by the food industry, especially in Malaysia. From the review of the current literature, it is found that studies on halal food certification and halal logo mainly focused on the consumer side instead of the industry side. On top of that, it is also found that previous studies mostly adopted two notable theories, namely, theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behaviour. To elaborate on and use plenty of other theories in performing a halal standard research, the three isomorphism pressure from institutional theory of DiMaggio and Powell has been chosen as a pertinent theory in this study. As a result, the theoretical gap and the uneven scope of halal food standard and certification research, with particular attention on the industry or manufacturer side, are expected to be bridged. This theory is also used to identify the most dominant motive. Moreover, this study examined the relationship between the motive behind standardization and the standardization itself.\u0000","PeriodicalId":47091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management","volume":"2 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41260338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.1108/imefm-11-2021-0462
Toka S. Mohamed, M. Elgammal
Purpose This study aims to compare the nexus between donations to Islamic and conventional microfinance institutions (MFIs) and their credit risk, financial performance and social outreach. Design/methodology/approach The authors use fixed effects and two-step system generalized methods of moments models with internal instrumentation. The analysis is conducted on an international sample of 1,519 MFIs in 55 countries during 1999–2019. Findings Islamic MFIs receiving greater donations experience an increase in credit risk, whereas the opposite occurs among their conventional counterparts. Donations are associated with an improvement in the depth of outreach of Islamic MFIs, allowing them to serve a poorer client base, despite a simultaneous decline in the breadth of their outreach. On the other hand, donations improve both the depth and breadth of conventional MFIs outreach. Donations also exhibit a positive relation with productivity, efficiency and sustainability in conventional MFIs. Practical implications This paper addresses a gap in the literature on Islamic MFIs and their use of donor funds by examining how donations contribute to the quality of their credit portfolios, financial performance and social outreach. This study used Ahmed’s (2012, 2017, 2020, 2021) total factor productivity model to capture the impact of donations on the performance of MFIs. Social implications Donations are found to contribute to positive financial inclusion outcomes for both Islamic and conventional MFIs, a promising implication for society and donors alike. Originality/value This paper addresses a gap in the academic literature on Islamic MFIs and their use of donor funds by examining how donations contribute to the quality of their credit portfolios, financial performance and social outreach.
{"title":"Are donor funds used effectively? An examination of Islamic and conventional microfinance institutions","authors":"Toka S. Mohamed, M. Elgammal","doi":"10.1108/imefm-11-2021-0462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imefm-11-2021-0462","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to compare the nexus between donations to Islamic and conventional microfinance institutions (MFIs) and their credit risk, financial performance and social outreach.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The authors use fixed effects and two-step system generalized methods of moments models with internal instrumentation. The analysis is conducted on an international sample of 1,519 MFIs in 55 countries during 1999–2019.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Islamic MFIs receiving greater donations experience an increase in credit risk, whereas the opposite occurs among their conventional counterparts. Donations are associated with an improvement in the depth of outreach of Islamic MFIs, allowing them to serve a poorer client base, despite a simultaneous decline in the breadth of their outreach. On the other hand, donations improve both the depth and breadth of conventional MFIs outreach. Donations also exhibit a positive relation with productivity, efficiency and sustainability in conventional MFIs.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000This paper addresses a gap in the literature on Islamic MFIs and their use of donor funds by examining how donations contribute to the quality of their credit portfolios, financial performance and social outreach. This study used Ahmed’s (2012, 2017, 2020, 2021) total factor productivity model to capture the impact of donations on the performance of MFIs.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000Donations are found to contribute to positive financial inclusion outcomes for both Islamic and conventional MFIs, a promising implication for society and donors alike.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This paper addresses a gap in the academic literature on Islamic MFIs and their use of donor funds by examining how donations contribute to the quality of their credit portfolios, financial performance and social outreach.\u0000","PeriodicalId":47091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44165951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1108/imefm-03-2023-635
M. Hassan, T. Choudhury, Bahser Bhuiyan
Islamic financial institutions have a significant role to play in the post-COVID world, as they have shielded market participants from a full-scale meltdown (Hassan et al., 2022, 2021;Naeem et al., 2021). [...]there is a pressing need to research the successful management of Islamic financial institutions and clarify what stakeholders can learn from them. Many international financial institutions and other multilateral organizations in Asia, especially small and medium organizations, are currently using Islamic Finance to promote economic development by encouraging individuals to participate in financial markets through Islamic saving and lending instruments (Abdul-Rahim et al., 2022), or on a macro level by providing Islamic approaches into the monetary system (Mojahedi Moakhar et al., 2022), or to simply hedge risk (Afzal et al., 2023;Yoon et al., 2022). [...]Islamic Finance has proven to be a dependable alternative to initial public offerings (Hanieh, 2023) and public–private partnership financing and entrepreneurship (Anggadwita et al., 2021), more specifically technological entrepreneurship (Motiei, 2022). [...]this study calculates the accuracy of the pre-IPO reports to be 61% and views the high precision as related to DDM. [...]Saeed Akbar and Shehzad Khan et al. evaluate capital construction determinants' impact on the influence levels of SC and non-compliant firms in Pakistan.
{"title":"Guest editorial: Islamic finance in South Asia","authors":"M. Hassan, T. Choudhury, Bahser Bhuiyan","doi":"10.1108/imefm-03-2023-635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imefm-03-2023-635","url":null,"abstract":"Islamic financial institutions have a significant role to play in the post-COVID world, as they have shielded market participants from a full-scale meltdown (Hassan et al., 2022, 2021;Naeem et al., 2021). [...]there is a pressing need to research the successful management of Islamic financial institutions and clarify what stakeholders can learn from them. Many international financial institutions and other multilateral organizations in Asia, especially small and medium organizations, are currently using Islamic Finance to promote economic development by encouraging individuals to participate in financial markets through Islamic saving and lending instruments (Abdul-Rahim et al., 2022), or on a macro level by providing Islamic approaches into the monetary system (Mojahedi Moakhar et al., 2022), or to simply hedge risk (Afzal et al., 2023;Yoon et al., 2022). [...]Islamic Finance has proven to be a dependable alternative to initial public offerings (Hanieh, 2023) and public–private partnership financing and entrepreneurship (Anggadwita et al., 2021), more specifically technological entrepreneurship (Motiei, 2022). [...]this study calculates the accuracy of the pre-IPO reports to be 61% and views the high precision as related to DDM. [...]Saeed Akbar and Shehzad Khan et al. evaluate capital construction determinants' impact on the influence levels of SC and non-compliant firms in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":47091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44894354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.1108/imefm-08-2022-0317
Muhammad Wajid Raza, Muhammad Tahir Suleman, Adam Zaremba
Purpose Political risk is an important determinant of portfolio returns. The basic purpose of this study is to revisit the importance of political risk in a constrained portfolio, namely, a Shariah-compliant equity portfolio (SCEP). Furthermore, the performance of such a constrained portfolio is also compared with a conventional portfolio that invests in all stocks. Design/methodology/approach The portfolios are constructed from stock-level data and invested in 61 international markets. The set of Shariah-compliant stocks is obtained with screening guidelines of Dow Jones Islamic Market indices. The weights of each constituent in both Shariah-compliant and conventional portfolios are driven by its relative exposure to political risk for the period 1996–2018. Findings Results show that, compared to conventional investors, Shariah-compliant investors gain substantial benefits when the allocation decision is based on political risk. A Shariah-compliant portfolio outperforms its conventional counterpart by 7.98% annually when tilted toward politically stable countries. The economic benefits further increase to 804 basis points when the portfolio allocates more funds to politically unstable countries. The tilted SCEP successfully reduces the downside risk, resulting in improved financial performance stability. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first effort of its nature to highlight the importance of political risk in the context of SCEPs.
{"title":"Political risk and portfolio performance: implications for Shariah-compliant investors","authors":"Muhammad Wajid Raza, Muhammad Tahir Suleman, Adam Zaremba","doi":"10.1108/imefm-08-2022-0317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imefm-08-2022-0317","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Political risk is an important determinant of portfolio returns. The basic purpose of this study is to revisit the importance of political risk in a constrained portfolio, namely, a Shariah-compliant equity portfolio (SCEP). Furthermore, the performance of such a constrained portfolio is also compared with a conventional portfolio that invests in all stocks. Design/methodology/approach The portfolios are constructed from stock-level data and invested in 61 international markets. The set of Shariah-compliant stocks is obtained with screening guidelines of Dow Jones Islamic Market indices. The weights of each constituent in both Shariah-compliant and conventional portfolios are driven by its relative exposure to political risk for the period 1996–2018. Findings Results show that, compared to conventional investors, Shariah-compliant investors gain substantial benefits when the allocation decision is based on political risk. A Shariah-compliant portfolio outperforms its conventional counterpart by 7.98% annually when tilted toward politically stable countries. The economic benefits further increase to 804 basis points when the portfolio allocates more funds to politically unstable countries. The tilted SCEP successfully reduces the downside risk, resulting in improved financial performance stability. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first effort of its nature to highlight the importance of political risk in the context of SCEPs.","PeriodicalId":47091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135747991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-13DOI: 10.1108/imefm-02-2022-0052
Hanieh Hekmat, A. Rahmani, H. Yazdifar
Purpose This study aims to highlight the accuracy, performance and selection of the IPO valuation methods in the Islamic Republic of Iran’s emerging market. Design/methodology/approach The authors performed accurate ex ante evaluations based on a pre-IPO data set obtained from valuation institutions. This study considered valuation methods through correlations, Mann–Whitney U tests and regression analysis, using a sample of 83 IPOs from January 2017 to March 2021. Findings The authors found that the dividend discount model (DDM) was the most popular in Iran. Even after controlling firm characteristics and market circumstances, the IPO price was highly correlated to pre-IPO reports’ estimates. The results showed that firms’ age, size and profitability affected the selection of valuation methods. The valuers did not apply forward P/E in a volatile market. Firm size affected the weights assigned to free cash flow to the firm, and the valuers considered the asset-in-place intensity to determine the weights of DDM, P/E and net asset value, and they mainly used the P/E to value old firms. Finally, this study estimated the accuracy of the pre-IPO report at 61% and found the highest accuracy to be associated with DDM. Originality/value IPO pricing in emerging markets constitutes a more significant dilemma than in developed markets. This paper provides empirical evidence of IPO pricing focusing on valuation methods used in the context of an emerging market – the Islamic Republic of Iran.
{"title":"IPO valuation in an emerging market – a study in Iran","authors":"Hanieh Hekmat, A. Rahmani, H. Yazdifar","doi":"10.1108/imefm-02-2022-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imefm-02-2022-0052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to highlight the accuracy, performance and selection of the IPO valuation methods in the Islamic Republic of Iran’s emerging market.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The authors performed accurate ex ante evaluations based on a pre-IPO data set obtained from valuation institutions. This study considered valuation methods through correlations, Mann–Whitney U tests and regression analysis, using a sample of 83 IPOs from January 2017 to March 2021.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The authors found that the dividend discount model (DDM) was the most popular in Iran. Even after controlling firm characteristics and market circumstances, the IPO price was highly correlated to pre-IPO reports’ estimates. The results showed that firms’ age, size and profitability affected the selection of valuation methods. The valuers did not apply forward P/E in a volatile market. Firm size affected the weights assigned to free cash flow to the firm, and the valuers considered the asset-in-place intensity to determine the weights of DDM, P/E and net asset value, and they mainly used the P/E to value old firms. Finally, this study estimated the accuracy of the pre-IPO report at 61% and found the highest accuracy to be associated with DDM.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000IPO pricing in emerging markets constitutes a more significant dilemma than in developed markets. This paper provides empirical evidence of IPO pricing focusing on valuation methods used in the context of an emerging market – the Islamic Republic of Iran.\u0000","PeriodicalId":47091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48674893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-07DOI: 10.1108/imefm-01-2022-0031
A. Ben Salem, Ines Ben Abdelkader
Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of income and geographic diversification on the double bottom line of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries where conventional and Islamic MFIs coexist. The idea is to explore whether diversification impacts MFIs' financial performance and outreach differ for Islamic microfinance. Design/methodology/approach The authors test the effect of diversification and business models of MFIs on their performance and poverty outreach. The authors’ data set is an unbalanced panel sample of 81 (Islamic and conventional) MFIs in MENA countries covering 1999–2018, comprising 743 MFI-year observations. Findings The authors find that increasing income diversification in microfinance and focusing on rural areas decreases the financial performance of MFIs in MENA countries. Islamic MFIs benefit from income diversification by increasing their financial performance. The results provide evidence of a nonlinear relationship between income diversification and the financial performance of MFIs. Although conventional MFIs improve their depth of outreach by diversifying their income, Islamic MFIs have a lower breadth of outreach because they show a higher degree of income diversification. Practical implications This research contributes to the ongoing debate of whether MFIs should focus on or diversify their services to Islamic microfinance. Therefore, the findings of this study are practically crucial for MFIs' stakeholders to understand the contribution of diversification strategies in improving the Islamic MFIs to achieve both financial and social objectives. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first research that addresses the impact of diversification strategies in Islamic microfinance. Additionally, using a panel data set of conventional and Islamic MFIs in MENA countries spanning 1999–2018, this study provides empirical evidence on the diversification versus focus issue from the microfinance industry and the subset of Islamic microfinance.
{"title":"Diversification and performance of microfinance institutions: does Islamic microfinance model matter?","authors":"A. Ben Salem, Ines Ben Abdelkader","doi":"10.1108/imefm-01-2022-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imefm-01-2022-0031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of income and geographic diversification on the double bottom line of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries where conventional and Islamic MFIs coexist. The idea is to explore whether diversification impacts MFIs' financial performance and outreach differ for Islamic microfinance.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The authors test the effect of diversification and business models of MFIs on their performance and poverty outreach. The authors’ data set is an unbalanced panel sample of 81 (Islamic and conventional) MFIs in MENA countries covering 1999–2018, comprising 743 MFI-year observations.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The authors find that increasing income diversification in microfinance and focusing on rural areas decreases the financial performance of MFIs in MENA countries. Islamic MFIs benefit from income diversification by increasing their financial performance. The results provide evidence of a nonlinear relationship between income diversification and the financial performance of MFIs. Although conventional MFIs improve their depth of outreach by diversifying their income, Islamic MFIs have a lower breadth of outreach because they show a higher degree of income diversification.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000This research contributes to the ongoing debate of whether MFIs should focus on or diversify their services to Islamic microfinance. Therefore, the findings of this study are practically crucial for MFIs' stakeholders to understand the contribution of diversification strategies in improving the Islamic MFIs to achieve both financial and social objectives.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first research that addresses the impact of diversification strategies in Islamic microfinance. Additionally, using a panel data set of conventional and Islamic MFIs in MENA countries spanning 1999–2018, this study provides empirical evidence on the diversification versus focus issue from the microfinance industry and the subset of Islamic microfinance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":47091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48551490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.1108/imefm-09-2021-0392
Taicir Mezghani, Mouna Boujelbène Abbes
Purpose This paper aims to examine the dynamic spillover effects and network connectedness between the oil prices and the Islamic and conventional financial markets in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. The focus is on network connectedness during the 2008–2009 global financial crisis, the 2014–2016 oil crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors use daily data covering the period from January 1, 2007 to April 14, 2022. Design/methodology/approach This study applies a spillover analysis and connectedness network to investigate the risk contagion among the Islamic and conventional stock–bond markets. The authors rely on Diebold and Yilmaz’s (2012, 2014) methodology to construct network-associated measures. Findings The results suggest that overall connectedness among financial market uncertainties increased during the global financial crisis, the oil price collapse of 2014–2016 and the COVID-19 crisis. In addition, the authors show that the contribution of oil shocks to the financial system is limited, as the oil market was a net receiver during the 2014 oil shock and the COVID-19 crisis. On the other hand, the Islamic and conventional stock markets are extensive sources of network effects on the oil market and Islamic and conventional bond markets. Furthermore, the authors found that the Sukuk market was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas the conventional and Islamic stock markets were the highest transmitters of shocks during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Moreover, oil revealed a weak connectedness with the Islamic and conventional stock markets during the COVID-19 health crisis, implying that it helps provide diversification benefits for international portfolio investors. Originality/value This study contributes to this field by improving the understanding of the effect of fluctuations in oil prices on the dynamics of the volatility connection between oil and Islamic and conventional financial markets during times of stress through a network connectedness framework. The main results of this study highlight the role of oil in portfolio allocation and risk minimization when investing in Islamic and conventional assets.
{"title":"Influence of oil price fluctuations on the network connectedness between oil, GCC Islamic and conventional financial markets","authors":"Taicir Mezghani, Mouna Boujelbène Abbes","doi":"10.1108/imefm-09-2021-0392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imefm-09-2021-0392","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to examine the dynamic spillover effects and network connectedness between the oil prices and the Islamic and conventional financial markets in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. The focus is on network connectedness during the 2008–2009 global financial crisis, the 2014–2016 oil crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors use daily data covering the period from January 1, 2007 to April 14, 2022.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This study applies a spillover analysis and connectedness network to investigate the risk contagion among the Islamic and conventional stock–bond markets. The authors rely on Diebold and Yilmaz’s (2012, 2014) methodology to construct network-associated measures.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results suggest that overall connectedness among financial market uncertainties increased during the global financial crisis, the oil price collapse of 2014–2016 and the COVID-19 crisis. In addition, the authors show that the contribution of oil shocks to the financial system is limited, as the oil market was a net receiver during the 2014 oil shock and the COVID-19 crisis. On the other hand, the Islamic and conventional stock markets are extensive sources of network effects on the oil market and Islamic and conventional bond markets. Furthermore, the authors found that the Sukuk market was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas the conventional and Islamic stock markets were the highest transmitters of shocks during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Moreover, oil revealed a weak connectedness with the Islamic and conventional stock markets during the COVID-19 health crisis, implying that it helps provide diversification benefits for international portfolio investors.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study contributes to this field by improving the understanding of the effect of fluctuations in oil prices on the dynamics of the volatility connection between oil and Islamic and conventional financial markets during times of stress through a network connectedness framework. The main results of this study highlight the role of oil in portfolio allocation and risk minimization when investing in Islamic and conventional assets.\u0000","PeriodicalId":47091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48300642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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