Journal of Public Affairs最新文献

This study explores how strength auditing and reporting standards (SARS) and country-level governance interplay to reduce money laundering. The empirical study is based on a panel dataset of 109 countries, over the period 2012–2019. To test our hypotheses, relevant statistical techniques are used to enhance the robustness of the models. The empirical results reveal that the interaction between SARS and country-level governance affect significantly and negatively money laundering. Additionally, through dynamic analysis we found that SARS and country-level governance affect jointly Money laundering level, which confirm the complementarity between the two mechanisms. Money laundering is a worldwide phenomenon that threatens the stability of economies. Consequently, the regulatory bodies and international organization should improve auditing and reporting standards as well as governance practices at different levels (macro, micro, and mezzo).

The study is based on the premise that economic growth (henceforth EG) and poverty impact men and women differently. As a result, shocks to these variables cannot be expected to have a symmetric impact on gender inequality (henceforth GI). Rather, positive and negative shocks in poverty and EG impact men and women asymmetrically which necessitates the study of their relationship using an asymmetric rather than a symmetric approach. This study is the first to utilise nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) analysis and asymmetric cumulative dynamic multipliers to investigate the asymmetric impact of EG and poverty on GI in India using annual data over the period 1995–2021. Additionally, we construct a comprehensive index of GI, using principle component analysis (PCA), which is a maiden attempt to account reported crime against women, in addition to gender disparities in health, education, labour market and parliamentary representation. The results report that positive shocks in EG reduce GI and negative shocks increase it. However, negative shocks increase GI more than positive shocks decrease it justifying the asymmetry. With respect to the asymmetric impact of poverty on GI, the study finds that both positive and negative shocks in poverty increase GI, however, the positive shock in poverty has a larger impact than the negative one. This is in consonance with the literature on intrahousehold gender disparities in consumption. The study finds new evidence that EG and poverty reduction favours men more than women and recommends its inclusion in policy formulation.

This paper provides a systematic review of some of the research streams characterizing the body of leadership literature on public sector leadership as informed by traditional leadership journals. It notes that the public sector is extensively studied by leadership scholars. Among the research streams found in that scholarship are administrative leadership, political leadership, and reforms/innovations. It also proposes directions for future research.

Authors: Mohamed A. K. Basuony¹, Mohammed Bouaddi¹, Heba Ali², Rehab EmadEldeen³. Journal of Public Affairs, 2021, 22, e2761. DOI: 10.1002/pa.2761

There was an error in the affiliation details for Rehab EmadEldeen. The published affiliation was listed as “School of Business, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.” The correct affiliation should be “Faculty of Economics and International Trade, The Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo, Egypt.”

We apologize for this error.

Migrant workers in India represent one of the most marginalised segments of the population and often find employment in highly vulnerable sectors such as construction, tourism, and hospitality, making their lives more stressful. This study, based on a qualitative approach, explores the reasons for migration, stress-related experiences, and the coping strategies of migrant hospitality workers in India following the Covid crisis. Primary data through personal interviews has been collected from 21 migrant workers employed in hospitality organisations in the Delhi-NCR (National Capital Region) region of India. A thematic analysis was performed to extract key themes from the qualitative data. The findings show that a lack of employment opportunities and rigid societal norms drive these workers towards cities. The stressors include family obligations, precarious work, and entrapping debt. Further, these workers typically cope by managing their emotions, acknowledging that they cannot address the problems that are leading to their stress. The study puts forth practical steps that public actors/government can take to implement policies designed to enhance the living and working conditions of these migrant workers.

While terrorism brings fear and chaos, tourism is the epitome of peace and happiness. Sri Lanka has always attracted international tourists due to tropical climate and beautiful tourist destinations. However, terrorism and the recent debt crisis have led to chaos and economic failure; in this study, the impact of terrorism, external debt, and military expenditure on international tourism in Sri Lanka have been empirically studied to unravel the dynamics. Dynamic ARDL simulation and cumulative fourier frequency causality results highlight the presence of an inverted N-shaped association between terrorism and tourism, as well as external debt and tourism. The phenomenal results from this analysis provide essential policy suggestions for Sri Lanka for economic recovery through the promotion of international tourism.

Trade and investment are crucial drivers of economic growth. Successful execution of trade and investment policy can elevate a developing country to a sustained growth path and make it self-reliant. Bangladesh implemented a trade liberalization policy in the 1980s, deviating much from its conservative trade policy. This article assesses the impacts of trade, investment in physical as well as human capital, and a few trade policy variables on income surge for the liberalized regime. The econometric analysis finds that export, import, and domestic investment stimulate income. The impact of foreign investment is not conducive. Public spending on education also contributes to the income surge. Among the policy variables, trade openness and currency depreciation produce a beneficial impact. Population growth retards economic growth. The baseline results hold in the estimations involving several specifications of variables and testified as robust. The article views that a comprehensive approach to trade and investment policy would ensure the comparative advantage of trade and the well-being of Bangladesh.

This study aims to examine the relationship between the political connections of companies' independent supervisory boards (PC-ISB) to these firms' performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This study used 1515 observations of companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) for the years 2018–2021. The test was carried out using moderated regression analysis. Additional tests were also conducted, such as market performance tests and endogeneity tests using the System Generalized Method of Moments (the System GMM) and the difference-in-difference (DID) regression analysis. Results confirm that PC-ISB has a significant positive effect on company performance. Then, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the company's performance got worse. However, we did not find that pandemic conditions moderated the relationship between PC-ISB and company performance. Our results remained consistent after testing using the System GMM and the DID to address the issue of endogeneity.

This study explores regional differences in wage inequality in India and examine various contributory factors for increasing disparities in wages across different regions in India. Using data from the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) 2011–12 and employing RIF regression methodology, the study investigates the influence of the level of education, experience, English and computer skills, gender, age, religion, and other background characteristics on wage inequality. The findings reveal that higher education levels, experience, English, and computer skills significantly contribute to wage disparities across regions. The study highlights the importance of addressing these factors to promote greater equity and inclusivity in the labor market.

The study analyses, the perception of the European City of Science (ECS) initiative planned event in Katowice in the context of the city and region's development in the eyes of private companies. It has been argued that this honour may change the city's prestige and become the source of the city and the region's development, not only through building the city's recognisable brand but also its social capital. Using focus research as a method enables not only to collect empirical data but can also be treated as a form of public participation. The study results contribute to the growing body of literature on public engagement and co-creation as well as place branding. The study's findings show the companies' expectations concerning the role of universities and their participation in the region's development. They were the foundation for preparing a set of suggestions for local governments to successfully implement the ECS initiative. This paper is the first to examine the process of preparing a city to become an ECS, as demonstrated through the case study of Katowice.