Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1007/s44285-023-00002-z
Jie Li, Suzhen Li
Abstract As typical lifeline engineering systems, urban pipeline networks (UPNs) play an important role in transmission and distribution of materials or energies in modern society. Over the past years, many efforts have been devoted to the research, development and application towards intelligent operation and maintenance of UPNs in Tongji University, incorporating with the emerging artificial intelligence (AI)-based and internet of things (IoT)-based technologies. This paper presents a review on the recent advances and the important achievements pertaining to this field in Tongji University. Using multi-source data, a data-driven model for the comprehensive risk evaluation of the whole pipeline network is briefly introduced to address the limitation of the insufficiency of reliable data and demonstrated by a case study. Aiming at three major safety problems such as structural failure, leak and third-party intrusion, the advances in techniques and systems for health monitoring of urban pipelines are summarized and the various application scenarios are illustrated as well.
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Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1007/s44285-023-00004-x
Takeshi Koike
Abstract This study describes a developing process of lifeline earthquake engineering from historical aspects. Currently various seismic design methods have been furnished for ground shaking and for permanent ground displacement. The seismic design method for ground shaking introduces different travelling wave models in the US and in Japan. As a result, Japanese approach was developed by actively taking into account the slippage effect in order to solve the inelastic response of the pipeline for a severe earthquake. The seismic design method for permanent ground displacement, on the other hand, prepared various numerical modeling and database in the US, while the simplified design formula for ground displacement was furnished in the seismic design guidelines in Japan. The detail design formula for liquefied ground settlement and fault displacement are expressed in this study. Various approaches of the performance-based seismic design method are compared among EU, the US and Japan. Unfortunately, the design method in Japan does not show the safety target in the guidelines. Then a simple evaluation approach to obtain the safety index is proposed herein. The different performance of two actual pipeline systems is compared, in which one pipeline system demonstrated a good performance for 2011 East Japan Great Earthquake, and the other did not. In state-of-the-art study, the seismic experiments and design method of expansion joints are described, because the ultimate limit performance of the expansion joints has not been explicit, although many seismic damages have occurred at the locations of vulnerable expansion joints.
{"title":"Historical aspects of lifeline earthquake engineering","authors":"Takeshi Koike","doi":"10.1007/s44285-023-00004-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44285-023-00004-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study describes a developing process of lifeline earthquake engineering from historical aspects. Currently various seismic design methods have been furnished for ground shaking and for permanent ground displacement. The seismic design method for ground shaking introduces different travelling wave models in the US and in Japan. As a result, Japanese approach was developed by actively taking into account the slippage effect in order to solve the inelastic response of the pipeline for a severe earthquake. The seismic design method for permanent ground displacement, on the other hand, prepared various numerical modeling and database in the US, while the simplified design formula for ground displacement was furnished in the seismic design guidelines in Japan. The detail design formula for liquefied ground settlement and fault displacement are expressed in this study. Various approaches of the performance-based seismic design method are compared among EU, the US and Japan. Unfortunately, the design method in Japan does not show the safety target in the guidelines. Then a simple evaluation approach to obtain the safety index is proposed herein. The different performance of two actual pipeline systems is compared, in which one pipeline system demonstrated a good performance for 2011 East Japan Great Earthquake, and the other did not. In state-of-the-art study, the seismic experiments and design method of expansion joints are described, because the ultimate limit performance of the expansion joints has not been explicit, although many seismic damages have occurred at the locations of vulnerable expansion joints.","PeriodicalId":471694,"journal":{"name":"Urban Lifeline","volume":"1140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Rainfall-induced slope failures frequently occurs in many urban areas around the world especially due to the impact of the global warming. Some slope failures result in casualties that have negative impacts on urban sustainability. The slope failures are normally observed near slope surface within the unsaturated zone above the groundwater table. Hence, it is important to incorporate the unsaturated soil mechanics principles in analysing the slope stability during rainfall. This study focuses predominantly on the regional stability analyses of residual soils within the Jurong Formation and Bukit Timah Granite in Singapore. The objective of the study is to develop slope susceptibility map as part of preventive measures against extreme rainfall conditions. The slope susceptibility map was evaluated using 2-D numerical analyses of slopes with historical failure. The recently developed sustainable retaining structure system, GeoBarrier System (GBS) is investigated to understand its suitability as a preventive measure for critical slopes with high risk as identified from the slope susceptibility map. Using Transient Rainfall Infiltration (TRIGRS) and Grid-Based Regional Slope Stability Analysis (Scoops3D), the pore-water pressure distributions and factors of safety (FS) within each zone are determined. The results from slope susceptibility maps and 2-D numerical analyses are consistent. Moreover, the incorporation of GeoBarrier System on the critical slope is demonstrated to be an effective slope stabilization measure based on the numerical simulations of two-dimensional analyses.
{"title":"Slope susceptibility map for preventive measures against rainfall-induced slope failure","authors":"Harianto Rahardjo, Qian Zhai, Alfrendo Satyanaga, Yangyang Li, Saranya Rangarajan, Arezoo Rahimi","doi":"10.1007/s44285-023-00006-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44285-023-00006-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rainfall-induced slope failures frequently occurs in many urban areas around the world especially due to the impact of the global warming. Some slope failures result in casualties that have negative impacts on urban sustainability. The slope failures are normally observed near slope surface within the unsaturated zone above the groundwater table. Hence, it is important to incorporate the unsaturated soil mechanics principles in analysing the slope stability during rainfall. This study focuses predominantly on the regional stability analyses of residual soils within the Jurong Formation and Bukit Timah Granite in Singapore. The objective of the study is to develop slope susceptibility map as part of preventive measures against extreme rainfall conditions. The slope susceptibility map was evaluated using 2-D numerical analyses of slopes with historical failure. The recently developed sustainable retaining structure system, GeoBarrier System (GBS) is investigated to understand its suitability as a preventive measure for critical slopes with high risk as identified from the slope susceptibility map. Using Transient Rainfall Infiltration (TRIGRS) and Grid-Based Regional Slope Stability Analysis (Scoops3D), the pore-water pressure distributions and factors of safety (FS) within each zone are determined. The results from slope susceptibility maps and 2-D numerical analyses are consistent. Moreover, the incorporation of GeoBarrier System on the critical slope is demonstrated to be an effective slope stabilization measure based on the numerical simulations of two-dimensional analyses.","PeriodicalId":471694,"journal":{"name":"Urban Lifeline","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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