Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi最新文献

Objective: Suicide is a public health issue, and there are several factors leading to suicide, like mental illness and psychosocial stressors. Actual loneliness (living alone) and subjective loneliness (feeling of being alone) and different suicidal behaviors have been reported to have some link. This scoping review aimed to assess the association between loneliness and suicidal behaviour by exploring the existing literature.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted implementing the appropriate framework and in accord with the PRISMA-ScR extension. A PubMed database search was made using a combination of terms to find publications in English from 2011 to 2021. Studies were included if they reported quantitative outcomes of the association between loneliness and suicidal experiences, including suicidal thoughts, plans, and/or attempts. Screening and data charting of the published literature was conducted by a panel of authors. The accuracy and clarity of extracted data was checked by three reviewers.

Results: Among 421 articles found, 31 full texts were evaluated based on exclusion and inclusion criteria, out of which, 18 papers that reported quantitative outcomes of the association between loneliness and suicidal experiences were included. We found that association between loneliness and suicidal behaviour is determined by individual, social and cultural factors. Co-existing mental illness, substance use disorder and economic hardship play an important role for the completion of suicide.

Conclusion: Loneliness is correlated with suicide, and the knowledge about this association could assist in the identification of suicidal individuals or those at elevated risk of suicidal behaviour. Future studies should focus on loneliness and its relation to suicidal ideation in individuals with different mental health disorders and personalities.

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to examine the effects of problem solving therapy, which is a cognitive behavioral method, on adolescents diagnosed with alcohol and substance use disorder.

Method: A semi-structured interview and intelligence test were administered to adolescents with diagnosis of substance use disorder to identify comorbidities. 46 adolescents who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups. Problem solving therapy was applied to the first group for 5 weeks, once a week, while the other group continued their routine controls in the center. Beck Depression Inventory, Screen for Child Anxiety Disorders, Revised Social Problem Solving Inventory, Addiction Profile Index and Treatment Motivation Questionnaire were administered to the groups at the beginning of the study and at the end of the 5th week and the results were analyzed.

Results: Sociodemographic and substance use characteristics, comorbid psychopathologies and scale mean scores of the groups in the first evaluation were found to be similar to each other. Although the depression and anxiety scores decreased significantly in both groups, no significant difference was found between the groups. Problemsolving skills and treatment motivation increased in the therapy group and decreased in the control group. The difference between groups was found to be significant (p=0.045, 0.037 for problem solving and treatment motivation respectively). While the severity of addiction decreased in therapy group, it increased in control group, but the difference was not significant.

Conclusion: This study is important in that it shows that psychosocial interventions strengthen the treatment of substance use disorder in adolescents. In our country, no other study was evaluating the effects of the intervention methods in addicted adolescents was found. Future studies with larger sample sizes and where the long-term results of substance use disorder are evaluated are needed.

Objective: There is a need to biomarkers for major depression (MD). The goals of this study are to compare serum levels of oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and F2-isoprostane and inflammation markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) between patients with first-episode MD and healthy controls, to investigate the change of these markers after treatment and to investigate the relationship between levels of these markers and treatment response.

Method: Our study was performed in 30 first-episode MD patients and 30 healthy volunteers. During the clinical evaluation Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impression Scale were applied to the participants. Serum levels of markers were measured at the baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment.

Results: Compared to the control group, first-episode MD patients had significantly higher IL-6, CRP and MDA levels and lower F2- isoprostane levels. There was no difference between the groups in terms of TNF-α levels. TNF-α, IL-6, MDA and F2-isoprostane levels decreased significantly after treatment, whereas there was no significant change in CRP levels with treatment. Baseline F2-isoprostane levels were found to be significantly higher in treatment responders than nonresponders (p<0.05).

Conclusion: In our study, it was shown that there are irregularities related to inflammatory processes and oxidative stress in MD, even in patients who had their first-episode and did not take medication, and these irregularities can be resolved after treatment. While there was a relationship between treatment response and baseline F2-isoprostane levels, there was no relationship with other biomarkers.

Aripiprazole, a second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) medication, is an efficacious treatment for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, its effects on pregnancy and lactation are not yet fully documented. Despite aripiprazole being available since 2002, there is only limited information on the risks and benefits of this treatment during pregnancy. Most of the information is limited to populationbased studies examining malformation risk or case studies or small case series. The knowledge in this topic is still insufficient and there is a need to expand the literature. In this report, we present 2 cases exposed to aripiprazole during pregnancy and lactational period. In both our cases of aripiprazole exposure, no teratogenic effects were reported, and it was reassuring that the mothers did not develop gestational diabetes. However, both patients reported lactation failure. Keyword: Mental illness, antipsychotics, aripiprazole, pregnancy.

Metacognitive beliefs operate through cognitive attentional syndrome, where attention concentrated on negative automatic thoughts results in rumination. This perseverative thinking style manifesting in the form of rumination and worry intensifies depression. This study aims to assess the effect of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) on metacognitive beliefs, symptom severity, quality of life, and functionality. A pre-post study design comparing CBT-alone and CBT-with-medication was employed using purposive sampling to recruit 40 participants diagnosed with depressive disorders. All the participants received 10 sessions of CBT. Pre and post assessment measures were Beck Depression Inventory-II, Metacognitive Questionnaire-30, World Health Organization Quality of Life- Brief, and Global Assessment of Functioning. Paired t-test analysis revealed significant difference on outcome measures in both groups. Between-subject analysis revealed that the CBT-alone group was not significantly different in terms of improvement than CBT-withmedication group even when confounding variables were statistically controlled by way of testing analysis of covariance and propensity score match (nearest neighbour match). Keywords: Cognitive behaviour therapy, metacognition, depressive disorders, metacognitive beliefs, depression, quality of life.