Pub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-052720-121843
Jens Frankenreiter, Michael A. Livermore
The digitization of legal texts and advances in artificial intelligence, natural language processing, text mining, network analysis, and machine learning have led to new forms of legal analysis by ...
法律文本的数字化以及人工智能、自然语言处理、文本挖掘、网络分析和机器学习的进步，通过。。。
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Pub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-030320-121837
J. Steinberg
The last two decades have seen an unprecedented proliferation of ethnographies of policing in many parts of the world. Implicit in the body of this new work is the continuation of an old and perhaps irresolvable debate on what policing is: the extralegal subjugation of subordinate populations or an agency whose authority is highly restricted by the norms of civilian populations. I argue that the best way to tackle this debate is to further develop the incipient practices of global ethnography, that is, to understand local practices via their global histories.
{"title":"Ethnographies of Global Policing","authors":"J. Steinberg","doi":"10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-030320-121837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-030320-121837","url":null,"abstract":"The last two decades have seen an unprecedented proliferation of ethnographies of policing in many parts of the world. Implicit in the body of this new work is the continuation of an old and perhaps irresolvable debate on what policing is: the extralegal subjugation of subordinate populations or an agency whose authority is highly restricted by the norms of civilian populations. I argue that the best way to tackle this debate is to further develop the incipient practices of global ethnography, that is, to understand local practices via their global histories.","PeriodicalId":47338,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Law and Social Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-030320-121837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49614928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-051920-020619
Ran Hirschl
Extensive urbanization and the consequent rise of megacities are among the most significant demographic phenomena of our time. Our constitutional institutions and constitutional imagination, howeve...
{"title":"Constitutions and the Metropolis","authors":"Ran Hirschl","doi":"10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-051920-020619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-051920-020619","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive urbanization and the consequent rise of megacities are among the most significant demographic phenomena of our time. Our constitutional institutions and constitutional imagination, howeve...","PeriodicalId":47338,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Law and Social Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-051920-020619","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47722007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-051120-014122
Krystia Reed
Because attorneys are essential to a fair legal process, it is important to understand the experience of a legal career. This article first reviews research on the influence of attorneys on the leg...
{"title":"The Experience of a Legal Career: Attorneys’ Impact on the System and the System's Impact on Attorneys","authors":"Krystia Reed","doi":"10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-051120-014122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-051120-014122","url":null,"abstract":"Because attorneys are essential to a fair legal process, it is important to understand the experience of a legal career. This article first reviews research on the influence of attorneys on the leg...","PeriodicalId":47338,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Law and Social Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-051120-014122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47215729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-041620-083410
Jeb Barnes, T. F. Burke
The concept of adversarial legalism has been widely used by scholars of law, public administration, public policy, political science, sociology, and Law and Society, but the varying ways in which t...
{"title":"Untangling the Concept of Adversarial Legalism","authors":"Jeb Barnes, T. F. Burke","doi":"10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-041620-083410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-041620-083410","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of adversarial legalism has been widely used by scholars of law, public administration, public policy, political science, sociology, and Law and Society, but the varying ways in which t...","PeriodicalId":47338,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Law and Social Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-041620-083410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45148398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-031101
B. Casey, Kim A. Taylor-Thompson, Estée Rubien-Thomas, M. Robbins, A. Baskin-Sommers
Healthy development is a fundamental right of the individual, regardless of race, ethnicity, or social class. Youth require special protections of their rights, in part owing to vulnerabilities rel...
{"title":"Healthy Development as a Human Right: Insights from Developmental Neuroscience for Youth Justice","authors":"B. Casey, Kim A. Taylor-Thompson, Estée Rubien-Thomas, M. Robbins, A. Baskin-Sommers","doi":"10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-031101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-031101","url":null,"abstract":"Healthy development is a fundamental right of the individual, regardless of race, ethnicity, or social class. Youth require special protections of their rights, in part owing to vulnerabilities rel...","PeriodicalId":47338,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Law and Social Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-031101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47745592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-040220-065454
P. Drahoš
Regulatory capitalism depends heavily on science, but science faces epi-stemic critiques and crises of research integrity. These critiques and crises are outlined and then located within capitalism's general tragedy of commodification. Drawing on Marx's insights into the relationship between science, commodity production, and the machine age, the general tragedy of commodification is outlined. From here, the article shifts to discussing some well-known global public good problems relating to access to medicines and access to knowledge. The roots of these problems can be traced back to the way the institution of science has been bent toward processes of capital accumulation. The evidence we have from the history of science suggests that too often its research agendas have been set by capital and the demands of war-making capitalist states. The final part of the article considers whether the ideal of responsiveness might help us to reformulate the way in which we think about the responsibilities and duties of science. It focuses on human rights, citizen science, and the intellectual commons as potential sources of responsiveness. Responsiveness has been a fertile ideal for law and society theorists when it has come to theory building in law and regulation. It also has something to offer the debates around the crises of science.
{"title":"Responsive Science","authors":"P. Drahoš","doi":"10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-040220-065454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-040220-065454","url":null,"abstract":"Regulatory capitalism depends heavily on science, but science faces epi-stemic critiques and crises of research integrity. These critiques and crises are outlined and then located within capitalism's general tragedy of commodification. Drawing on Marx's insights into the relationship between science, commodity production, and the machine age, the general tragedy of commodification is outlined. From here, the article shifts to discussing some well-known global public good problems relating to access to medicines and access to knowledge. The roots of these problems can be traced back to the way the institution of science has been bent toward processes of capital accumulation. The evidence we have from the history of science suggests that too often its research agendas have been set by capital and the demands of war-making capitalist states. The final part of the article considers whether the ideal of responsiveness might help us to reformulate the way in which we think about the responsibilities and duties of science. It focuses on human rights, citizen science, and the intellectual commons as potential sources of responsiveness. Responsiveness has been a fertile ideal for law and society theorists when it has come to theory building in law and regulation. It also has something to offer the debates around the crises of science.","PeriodicalId":47338,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Law and Social Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-040220-065454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48446063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-031620-093358
J. Hagan, B. McCarthy, Daniel Herda
We call for a further appreciation of the versatility of concepts and methods that increase the breadth and diversity of work on law and social science. We make our point with a review of legal cyn...
{"title":"What the Study of Legal Cynicism and Crime Can Tell Us About Reliability, Validity, and Versatility in Law and Social Science Research","authors":"J. Hagan, B. McCarthy, Daniel Herda","doi":"10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-031620-093358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-031620-093358","url":null,"abstract":"We call for a further appreciation of the versatility of concepts and methods that increase the breadth and diversity of work on law and social science. We make our point with a review of legal cyn...","PeriodicalId":47338,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Law and Social Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-031620-093358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42565085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101518-042824
C. Morrill, L. Edelman, Yan Fang, Rosann Greenspan
This article uses oral histories of surviving founders to explore the emergence of law and society as a scholarly movement and its transformation to a scholarly field. The oral histories we draw on...
{"title":"Conversations in Law and Society: Oral Histories of the Emergence and Transformation of the Movement","authors":"C. Morrill, L. Edelman, Yan Fang, Rosann Greenspan","doi":"10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101518-042824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101518-042824","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses oral histories of surviving founders to explore the emergence of law and society as a scholarly movement and its transformation to a scholarly field. The oral histories we draw on...","PeriodicalId":47338,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Law and Social Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101518-042824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46088571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-021020-105357
N. Blomley, Alexandra Flynn, Marie-Ève Sylvestre
Precariously housed people face serious challenges in securing their personal possessions from the actions of both private and public actors. This is despite evidence of widespread destruction, sei...
{"title":"Governing the Belongings of the Precariously Housed: A Critical Legal Geography","authors":"N. Blomley, Alexandra Flynn, Marie-Ève Sylvestre","doi":"10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-021020-105357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-021020-105357","url":null,"abstract":"Precariously housed people face serious challenges in securing their personal possessions from the actions of both private and public actors. This is despite evidence of widespread destruction, sei...","PeriodicalId":47338,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Law and Social Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-021020-105357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44846568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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