Waste production is experiencing a significant increase in correlation with the growth of the human population and industrial activities. The kind of waste that is expanding at a rapid rate is known as "e-waste," which stands for electronic waste. In the context of electronic waste, the term refers to the waste produced during the disposal of electronic devices and any other components utilized in making or operating these devices. In the same way that different types of waste occur, electronic waste pollutes the environment and the human population. Electronic waste seriously threatens ecosystems and human health if not properly disposed of. The quantity of e-waste generated on a global scale is increasing continuously due to the short lifetime of electronic devices and the fast advancement of technology. Developing sustainable treatment methods for electronic waste is critical to address this issue. Valuable materials are utilized to fabricate electronic devices to enhance their functionality, longevity, conductivity, and efficacy. To mitigate pollution, recycling electronic waste is an absolute necessity due to the factors above. Although this fact remains true, numerous organizations exhibit reluctance towards recycling their electronic devices due to apprehensions regarding the potential exposure of sensitive information. Conversely, secure data deletion is now a reality due to the continuous development of technological capabilities.
{"title":"The Importance of Responsible Electronic Waste Treatment for Sustainability","authors":"Sami Goren","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2403016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2403016","url":null,"abstract":"Waste production is experiencing a significant increase in correlation with the growth of the human population and industrial activities. The kind of waste that is expanding at a rapid rate is known as \"e-waste,\" which stands for electronic waste. In the context of electronic waste, the term refers to the waste produced during the disposal of electronic devices and any other components utilized in making or operating these devices. In the same way that different types of waste occur, electronic waste pollutes the environment and the human population. Electronic waste seriously threatens ecosystems and human health if not properly disposed of. The quantity of e-waste generated on a global scale is increasing continuously due to the short lifetime of electronic devices and the fast advancement of technology. Developing sustainable treatment methods for electronic waste is critical to address this issue. Valuable materials are utilized to fabricate electronic devices to enhance their functionality, longevity, conductivity, and efficacy. To mitigate pollution, recycling electronic waste is an absolute necessity due to the factors above. Although this fact remains true, numerous organizations exhibit reluctance towards recycling their electronic devices due to apprehensions regarding the potential exposure of sensitive information. Conversely, secure data deletion is now a reality due to the continuous development of technological capabilities.","PeriodicalId":474840,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental and engineering research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141709661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The consistent associations between dampness and health-related problems, such as allergies and asthma symptoms, explain the growing scientific interest in assessing housing characteristics. Due to a growing interest in the built environment, the present study performed a systematic review to investigate the prevalence of dampness related to specific building characteristics. The built environment is gaining significance in population well-being due to the substantial time spent indoors. This aspect is especially notable for specific demographics such as children and the elderly. This research is based on the PRISMA methodology and was conducted through scientific papers research published in independent peer-reviewed journals. This study’s key conclusions indicate a strong link between home characteristics and dampness-related risk predictors, such as the age of the building, the building materials, the type of ventilation systems, and other building characteristics. Maintenance and occupants’ behaviors through good ventilation practices, such as opening windows, were found to be the main remediation strategies. This research novelty involves the identification of home characteristics and dampness-related risk predictors common to a broad spectrum of studies, which makes it possible to identify measures to overcome these bottlenecks. From the constructive perspective, some characteristics, such as the age of the building, are not possible to modify; however, nowadays, technology and knowledge expertise can be used to minor building characteristics associated with health-related problems.
{"title":"A Systematic Review about Building Characteristics as Dampness-Related Indicators","authors":"Joana Sousa","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2401008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2401008","url":null,"abstract":"The consistent associations between dampness and health-related problems, such as allergies and asthma symptoms, explain the growing scientific interest in assessing housing characteristics. Due to a growing interest in the built environment, the present study performed a systematic review to investigate the prevalence of dampness related to specific building characteristics. The built environment is gaining significance in population well-being due to the substantial time spent indoors. This aspect is especially notable for specific demographics such as children and the elderly. This research is based on the PRISMA methodology and was conducted through scientific papers research published in independent peer-reviewed journals. This study’s key conclusions indicate a strong link between home characteristics and dampness-related risk predictors, such as the age of the building, the building materials, the type of ventilation systems, and other building characteristics. Maintenance and occupants’ behaviors through good ventilation practices, such as opening windows, were found to be the main remediation strategies. This research novelty involves the identification of home characteristics and dampness-related risk predictors common to a broad spectrum of studies, which makes it possible to identify measures to overcome these bottlenecks. From the constructive perspective, some characteristics, such as the age of the building, are not possible to modify; however, nowadays, technology and knowledge expertise can be used to minor building characteristics associated with health-related problems.","PeriodicalId":474840,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental and engineering research","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As climate change is becoming an increasingly crucial issue, it has become critical for firms to report on their Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) aspects. In particular, this research analyzes how environmental indicators are dealt with and reported on. In the case study examined, namely the company American Water Works, GHG emissions and water management were the most important issues to the stakeholders according to the materiality assessment. It was found that the firm has significantly reduced its GHG emissions, and it is on track to meet its target of 40% reduction by 2025. This was achieved mostly through corporate power purchase agreements, although the Sustainability Report focuses on improvements to the energy efficiency of infrastructure. This underscores the possibility that companies represent ESG data in ways that are convenient to guarantee a more sustainable image in the long term, at the cost of a complete portrayal of their ESG practices. Moreover, Scope 3 emissions are not verified through a third party, which is key to ensuring the rigor and transparency of carbon emissions, and no Net Zero emissions target is mentioned in such report. For what regards water management, the Sustainability Report contains the target of reducing water per customer by 15% by 2035. Nevertheless, the report lacks a mention of Net Zero groundwater abstraction and a leakage reduction target.
{"title":"How do Water Companies Address Environmental Indicators in their ESG Reports?","authors":"Edoardo Sperone, Tom Deweerdt","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2401006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2401006","url":null,"abstract":"As climate change is becoming an increasingly crucial issue, it has become critical for firms to report on their Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) aspects. In particular, this research analyzes how environmental indicators are dealt with and reported on. In the case study examined, namely the company American Water Works, GHG emissions and water management were the most important issues to the stakeholders according to the materiality assessment. It was found that the firm has significantly reduced its GHG emissions, and it is on track to meet its target of 40% reduction by 2025. This was achieved mostly through corporate power purchase agreements, although the Sustainability Report focuses on improvements to the energy efficiency of infrastructure. This underscores the possibility that companies represent ESG data in ways that are convenient to guarantee a more sustainable image in the long term, at the cost of a complete portrayal of their ESG practices. Moreover, Scope 3 emissions are not verified through a third party, which is key to ensuring the rigor and transparency of carbon emissions, and no Net Zero emissions target is mentioned in such report. For what regards water management, the Sustainability Report contains the target of reducing water per customer by 15% by 2035. Nevertheless, the report lacks a mention of Net Zero groundwater abstraction and a leakage reduction target.","PeriodicalId":474840,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental and engineering research","volume":"232 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140485678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While artificial intelligence has been attracting increasing investment and controversy, a new, and potentially much more powerful technology, Quantum Computing, is on the business horizon. Already, organizations are assessing its potential for addressing a range of computationally challenging issues, such as last-mile optimization and cryptanalysis to break encryption algorithms, and are exploring possible applications in a range of business areas. While the advent of Quantum Computing may bring an array of opportunities and benefits, the companies developing and applying Quantum Computing technologies will face, and have to address, new sets of corporate social, ethical, economic, technical and environmental responsibilities. Using a qualitative research method based on secondary sources, this article examines the implications for Quantum Computing for corporate digital responsibility, and assesses the guidance currently being offered by leading consultancies for organisations deploying Quantum Computing. The results suggest that although there is some guidance on how companies can apply and exploit Quantum Computing technology, there is as yet little consideration of the possible downsides, including, for example, potential negative environmental impacts. Further research is needed to develop a more balanced assessment of benefits and disbenefits as Quantum Computing is deployed in the corporate world and wider global society.
{"title":"Corporate Digital Responsibility and the Business Implications of Quantum Computing","authors":"Martin Wynn, Peter Jones","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2304053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2304053","url":null,"abstract":"While artificial intelligence has been attracting increasing investment and controversy, a new, and potentially much more powerful technology, Quantum Computing, is on the business horizon. Already, organizations are assessing its potential for addressing a range of computationally challenging issues, such as last-mile optimization and cryptanalysis to break encryption algorithms, and are exploring possible applications in a range of business areas. While the advent of Quantum Computing may bring an array of opportunities and benefits, the companies developing and applying Quantum Computing technologies will face, and have to address, new sets of corporate social, ethical, economic, technical and environmental responsibilities. Using a qualitative research method based on secondary sources, this article examines the implications for Quantum Computing for corporate digital responsibility, and assesses the guidance currently being offered by leading consultancies for organisations deploying Quantum Computing. The results suggest that although there is some guidance on how companies can apply and exploit Quantum Computing technology, there is as yet little consideration of the possible downsides, including, for example, potential negative environmental impacts. Further research is needed to develop a more balanced assessment of benefits and disbenefits as Quantum Computing is deployed in the corporate world and wider global society.","PeriodicalId":474840,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental and engineering research","volume":"113 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138590434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. V. Ramachandra, Tulika Mondal, Bharath Settur, B. Aithal
The knowledge of landscape dynamics aids in evolving strategies for the prudent management of natural resources to sustain ecosystem services. The availability of spatiotemporal remote sensing data with advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms has aided in assessing the ecological status in urban environments, markedly revealing complex patterns and interactions. The current communication presents landscape dynamics in the Bengaluru Urban district from 1973 to 2022 using a supervised machine learning technique based on the Random Forest algorithm with temporal Landsat data, which showed a 51.86% increase in the built-up area and a 26.28% decrease in the green cover. Rapid unplanned urbanization after globalization and the opening up of Indian markets (in Bengaluru city) has witnessed erosion in the natural surface (waterbodies and green cover) in the neighborhood, which has been impacting the health of the environment and people. Computation of fragmentation indices showed a decline of the native green cover by 177.2 sq. km. in the southern part of the district. Likely land use changes are predicted using the Cellular Automata Markov model considering the base case scenario. The analyses revealed a further possible increase in built-up to 1536.08 sq. km, a decrease in green cover by 14.32 sq. km by 2038, and the disappearance of water bodies, which highlights the need to mitigate the adverse impacts of land use changes through planned urbanization considering the environment and livelihood of local communities. The decline of heat sinks such as water bodies and green cover would contribute to an increase in the land surface temperature (LST), which would affect the microclimate of Bengaluru, highlighting the need to sustain ecosystem services to support the livelihood of local communities. Understanding the ecological significance of diverse habitat characteristics of the urban region and the prediction of likely changes in a high degree of spatial heterogeneity would assist the decision-makers in framing appropriate policies.
{"title":"Environmental Consequences in the Neighbourhood of Rapid Unplanned Urbanisation in Bangalore City","authors":"T. V. Ramachandra, Tulika Mondal, Bharath Settur, B. Aithal","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2304052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2304052","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge of landscape dynamics aids in evolving strategies for the prudent management of natural resources to sustain ecosystem services. The availability of spatiotemporal remote sensing data with advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms has aided in assessing the ecological status in urban environments, markedly revealing complex patterns and interactions. The current communication presents landscape dynamics in the Bengaluru Urban district from 1973 to 2022 using a supervised machine learning technique based on the Random Forest algorithm with temporal Landsat data, which showed a 51.86% increase in the built-up area and a 26.28% decrease in the green cover. Rapid unplanned urbanization after globalization and the opening up of Indian markets (in Bengaluru city) has witnessed erosion in the natural surface (waterbodies and green cover) in the neighborhood, which has been impacting the health of the environment and people. Computation of fragmentation indices showed a decline of the native green cover by 177.2 sq. km. in the southern part of the district. Likely land use changes are predicted using the Cellular Automata Markov model considering the base case scenario. The analyses revealed a further possible increase in built-up to 1536.08 sq. km, a decrease in green cover by 14.32 sq. km by 2038, and the disappearance of water bodies, which highlights the need to mitigate the adverse impacts of land use changes through planned urbanization considering the environment and livelihood of local communities. The decline of heat sinks such as water bodies and green cover would contribute to an increase in the land surface temperature (LST), which would affect the microclimate of Bengaluru, highlighting the need to sustain ecosystem services to support the livelihood of local communities. Understanding the ecological significance of diverse habitat characteristics of the urban region and the prediction of likely changes in a high degree of spatial heterogeneity would assist the decision-makers in framing appropriate policies.","PeriodicalId":474840,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental and engineering research","volume":"112 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138609442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) is the most common soil-borne pathogen that causes wilt in many plant crops, among which the tomato is one of the most susceptible crops. This experiment is conducted to analyse the impacts of inorganic carbon compounds i.e., calcium carbonate CaCO3, sodium carbonate Na2CO3 and potassium bicarbonate KHCO3 on the growth of FOL causing wilt in tomato plant in different culture media including Malt Extract Agar (MEA), Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and V8. Three concentrations viz 0.5 g/L, 1 g/L and 1.5 g/L of each carbonate are applied. The study indicates that the efficiency of carbon compounds is related to the nature of the media. Among various carbon compounds tested in the present study, maximum growth is obtained with KHCO3 while FOL showed least growth with Na2CO3 in each of the three media. MEA has more profound effect on limiting the growth and biomass of the fungus than compared to V8 and PDA. This shows Fusarium growth is restricted in the chemical environment containing Na2CO3 and MEA. In addition, the study reflects that Fusarium thrives well in PDA containing KHCO3 in each of its three concentrations which may be involved in vegetative and reproductive growth. This study paves a path for further research on how the growth behavior of FOL can be controlled under the influence of inorganic carbon compounds in the soil and yet in the face of environmental changes.
{"title":"Impacts of Different Sources of Carbonates on Growth of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>lycopersici</i> in Different Growth Media","authors":"H. Akram, S. Hussain, Talib E. Butt","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2304049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2304049","url":null,"abstract":"<em>Fusarium</em> <em>oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>lycopersici</em> (FOL) is the most common soil-borne pathogen that causes wilt in many plant crops, among which the tomato is one of the most susceptible crops. This experiment is conducted to analyse the impacts of inorganic carbon compounds i.e., calcium carbonate CaCO<sub>3</sub>, sodium carbonate Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and potassium bicarbonate KHCO<sub>3</sub> on the growth of FOL causing wilt in tomato plant in different culture media including Malt Extract Agar (MEA), Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and V8. Three concentrations viz 0.5 g/L, 1 g/L and 1.5 g/L of each carbonate are applied. The study indicates that the efficiency of carbon compounds is related to the nature of the media. Among various carbon compounds tested in the present study, maximum growth is obtained with KHCO<sub>3</sub> while FOL showed least growth with Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> in each of the three media. MEA has more profound effect on limiting the growth and biomass of the fungus than compared to V8 and PDA. This shows <em>Fusarium</em> growth is restricted in the chemical environment containing Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and MEA. In addition, the study reflects that <em>Fusarium</em> thrives well in PDA containing KHCO<sub>3</sub> in each of its three concentrations which may be involved in vegetative and reproductive growth. This study paves a path for further research on how the growth behavior of FOL can be controlled under the influence of inorganic carbon compounds in the soil and yet in the face of environmental changes.","PeriodicalId":474840,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental and engineering research","volume":"12 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136348529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrogels are three-dimensional, hydrophilic networks of polymers with a high water absorption capacity. We investigated the removal of monovalent cationic dye, methylene blue, from aqueous solutions by a polyvinyl alcohol/Sodium alginate/Starch mix hydrogel to discover a solution to the environmental waste-water problem. By applying a gamma radiation dose from a Co-60 source without adding a hazardous cross-linker, a novel PVA/SA/Starch mix hydrogel was synthesized. The effects of factors like irradiation dose and composition ratio on the manufactured hydrogel (PAS hydrogel) characteristics, including gel content and swelling behavior, were carefully examined. At various radiation dosages, the cross-linking density of the PAS (PVA/SA/Starch) hydrogel was investigated. The 30 kGy was selected as the optimal dose based on swelling ratio and gel fraction, and 0.25% starch was chosen as the optimal starch content. By using FTIR, the produced hydrogel was identified. The ability of the hydrogel to remove methylene blue was investigated while taking isotherm and kinetic factors into account. The homogeneously distributed active sites on the surface of this hydrogel have undergone monolayer adsorption, according to fitting using the Langmuir model. This hydrogel offers promising potential for treating waste-water containing methylene blue dye solution.
{"title":"Preparation & Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Sodium Alginate-Starch Based Hydrogel by Gamma Radiation and Its Application for the Treatment of Dye Containing Water","authors":"Depok Chandra Shil, Nazia Rahman, Shahnaz Sultana, Md. Nabul Sardar, Puja Majumder, Fataha Nur Robel","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2304048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2304048","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogels are three-dimensional, hydrophilic networks of polymers with a high water absorption capacity. We investigated the removal of monovalent cationic dye, methylene blue, from aqueous solutions by a polyvinyl alcohol/Sodium alginate/Starch mix hydrogel to discover a solution to the environmental waste-water problem. By applying a gamma radiation dose from a Co-60 source without adding a hazardous cross-linker, a novel PVA/SA/Starch mix hydrogel was synthesized. The effects of factors like irradiation dose and composition ratio on the manufactured hydrogel (PAS hydrogel) characteristics, including gel content and swelling behavior, were carefully examined. At various radiation dosages, the cross-linking density of the PAS (PVA/SA/Starch) hydrogel was investigated. The 30 kGy was selected as the optimal dose based on swelling ratio and gel fraction, and 0.25% starch was chosen as the optimal starch content. By using FTIR, the produced hydrogel was identified. The ability of the hydrogel to remove methylene blue was investigated while taking isotherm and kinetic factors into account. The homogeneously distributed active sites on the surface of this hydrogel have undergone monolayer adsorption, according to fitting using the Langmuir model. This hydrogel offers promising potential for treating waste-water containing methylene blue dye solution.","PeriodicalId":474840,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental and engineering research","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban heat island (UHI) effects are evident in many cities globally. Studies have revealed that UHI impacts air pollution and vice versa. However, it is observed that these two severe problems are addressed independently instead of interrelatedly. The study seeks to provide an in-depth understanding of the relationship between air pollution and heat and how they constantly shape urban areas for planning and future research purposes. A global shift from sustainable planning practices to building urban resilience exists in line with this. This study delves further into identifying resilient approaches to combating UHI effects and air pollution. The systematic review of existing literature revealed a complex relationship between air pollution and urban heat islands. On one end, air pollution contributes to the heating of urban areas. Similarly, urban heat island effects have an impact on air quality. These two threats appeared to be significant contributors to climate change. The study recommends that adopting resilient planning practices could play a vital role in mitigating these problems. The whole idea of resilience is to plan so that crises are anticipated, planned, and accounted for. This can be done by addressing the root causes of these problems since they are interrelated through adaptive planning, governance, and management.
{"title":"Nexus Between Heat and Air Pollution in Urban Areas and the Role of Resilience Planning in Mitigating These Threats","authors":"Jim Anbazu, Nana Serwaa Antwi","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2304047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2304047","url":null,"abstract":"Urban heat island (UHI) effects are evident in many cities globally. Studies have revealed that UHI impacts air pollution and vice versa. However, it is observed that these two severe problems are addressed independently instead of interrelatedly. The study seeks to provide an in-depth understanding of the relationship between air pollution and heat and how they constantly shape urban areas for planning and future research purposes. A global shift from sustainable planning practices to building urban resilience exists in line with this. This study delves further into identifying resilient approaches to combating UHI effects and air pollution. The systematic review of existing literature revealed a complex relationship between air pollution and urban heat islands. On one end, air pollution contributes to the heating of urban areas. Similarly, urban heat island effects have an impact on air quality. These two threats appeared to be significant contributors to climate change. The study recommends that adopting resilient planning practices could play a vital role in mitigating these problems. The whole idea of resilience is to plan so that crises are anticipated, planned, and accounted for. This can be done by addressing the root causes of these problems since they are interrelated through adaptive planning, governance, and management.","PeriodicalId":474840,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental and engineering research","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135993101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Decomposition of spent coffee grounds (SCGs), a byproduct of brewing coffee, in disposed landfill sites releases significant amounts of potent greenhouse gases. This study aims to investigate the maximum recycling proportions of SCGs, a nonconventional filler material, for permeable interlocking concrete paving (PICP) blocks. These blocks have a porous structure that helps mitigate surface ponding while maintaining sound structural performance. Using Scanning Electron Microscope image analysis, the water absorbency of SCGs is inferred from the granular surface features of SCGs with voids of measured sizes. The flow table test was conducted to determine the water-to-SCG filler ratio, following a nonlinear trend, and then establish the water-to-cement ratio for constructing PICP specimens for this study. Among a range of PICP specimens with 9 different proportions of SCGs without replacing sand, those containing the 10% SCG filler as an inflection point exhibited the highest performance, achieving 18 MPa of compressive strength and 6 MPa of flexural strength, respectively. Conclusively, the PICP specimens with a maximum 10 % SCGs still maintained sufficient permeability at 0.47 mm/second, despite a 67% reduction compared to the control sample, attributed to the additional 1.69% weight of 10% SCGs. Based on the proven performance of tested PICP specimens, a maximum of 10% SCG filler has the potential to be applied in the concrete block market for recycling up to 27% of the annual Korean coffee consumption, reducing carbon emissions by more than 13,000 tons from incineration.
{"title":"Recycling Spent Coffee Grounds on Permeable Interlocking Concrete Paving Blocks","authors":"Joel Lee, Hyunho Song, Jaeyoung Park, Sugjoon Lee","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2304046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2304046","url":null,"abstract":"Decomposition of spent coffee grounds (SCGs), a byproduct of brewing coffee, in disposed landfill sites releases significant amounts of potent greenhouse gases. This study aims to investigate the maximum recycling proportions of SCGs, a nonconventional filler material, for permeable interlocking concrete paving (PICP) blocks. These blocks have a porous structure that helps mitigate surface ponding while maintaining sound structural performance. Using Scanning Electron Microscope image analysis, the water absorbency of SCGs is inferred from the granular surface features of SCGs with voids of measured sizes. The flow table test was conducted to determine the water-to-SCG filler ratio, following a nonlinear trend, and then establish the water-to-cement ratio for constructing PICP specimens for this study. Among a range of PICP specimens with 9 different proportions of SCGs without replacing sand, those containing the 10% SCG filler as an inflection point exhibited the highest performance, achieving 18 MPa of compressive strength and 6 MPa of flexural strength, respectively. Conclusively, the PICP specimens with a maximum 10 % SCGs still maintained sufficient permeability at 0.47 mm/second, despite a 67% reduction compared to the control sample, attributed to the additional 1.69% weight of 10% SCGs. Based on the proven performance of tested PICP specimens, a maximum of 10% SCG filler has the potential to be applied in the concrete block market for recycling up to 27% of the annual Korean coffee consumption, reducing carbon emissions by more than 13,000 tons from incineration.","PeriodicalId":474840,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental and engineering research","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135696254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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