Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230057-23
Elias Ghossoub, Nadia El Harake
There is limited research on female sex offenders and their offending characteristics. The sociocultural description of women as being nurturing, nonaggressive and, more significantly, nonsexual has diverted the attention from female sexual offending. Although reports have shown that female sex offenders make up two percent of the whole sex offender population, the true rate is remarkably higher because the caretaking behavior of women masks their sexual offenses. The purpose of our study is to explore the characteristics of female sex offenders. We analyzed the publicly available Missouri sex offender registry database and selected all female sex offenders (n = 532) of any age who committed their crimes in Missouri and were convicted in Missouri. We found that the 532 female offenders had a mean age of 29.8 years at the time of their first offense and were convicted for a total of 992 offenses. The calculated recidivism rate was close to 0.6 percent. Moreover, 89.5 percent of offenders had strictly contact offenses, whereas five percent had strictly pornography offenses. Implications for risk assessment are discussed.
{"title":"Insights on Female Sex Offenders from the Missouri Registry.","authors":"Elias Ghossoub, Nadia El Harake","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230057-23","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.230057-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is limited research on female sex offenders and their offending characteristics. The sociocultural description of women as being nurturing, nonaggressive and, more significantly, nonsexual has diverted the attention from female sexual offending. Although reports have shown that female sex offenders make up two percent of the whole sex offender population, the true rate is remarkably higher because the caretaking behavior of women masks their sexual offenses. The purpose of our study is to explore the characteristics of female sex offenders. We analyzed the publicly available Missouri sex offender registry database and selected all female sex offenders (<i>n</i> = 532) of any age who committed their crimes in Missouri and were convicted in Missouri. We found that the 532 female offenders had a mean age of 29.8 years at the time of their first offense and were convicted for a total of 992 offenses. The calculated recidivism rate was close to 0.6 percent. Moreover, 89.5 percent of offenders had strictly contact offenses, whereas five percent had strictly pornography offenses. Implications for risk assessment are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"500-505"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10579812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230105-23
{"title":"Corrigendum.","authors":"","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230105-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29158/JAAPL.230105-23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":"51 4","pages":"610"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138809532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230092-23
Kristen C Ochoa
{"title":"Letters.","authors":"Kristen C Ochoa","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230092-23","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.230092-23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":"51 4","pages":"608"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138809503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230064-23
Susan Hatters Friedman, Renée M Sorrentino, Daniel Riordan, Kerri Eagle
{"title":"Evaluating Female Sex Offenders Without Prejudice.","authors":"Susan Hatters Friedman, Renée M Sorrentino, Daniel Riordan, Kerri Eagle","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230064-23","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.230064-23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":"51 4","pages":"466-474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138809555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230080-23
Declan J Grabb, Cara Angelotta
{"title":"Emerging Forensic Implications of the Artificial Intelligence Revolution.","authors":"Declan J Grabb, Cara Angelotta","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230080-23","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.230080-23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":"51 4","pages":"475-479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138809548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230091-23
Fred S Berlin
{"title":"In Reply.","authors":"Fred S Berlin","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230091-23","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.230091-23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":"51 4","pages":"609-610"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138809496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230104-23
Kristopher Kaliebe
{"title":"Letters.","authors":"Kristopher Kaliebe","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230104-23","DOIUrl":"10.29158/JAAPL.230104-23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":"51 4","pages":"608-609"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138809579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230062-23
James B Reynolds
The procedures and outcomes of conditional release of insanity acquittees is a relatively neglected area of forensic psychiatric research. The release procedures vary in individual states, resulting in a wide range of approaches, from the careful selection of appropriate patients and strict monitoring in the community, to literally no mechanism for ensuring the future safety of such individuals. In North Carolina there are institutional barriers which even hinder research on the outcomes of such cases. Haroon and colleagues report on the post-release outcomes of insanity acquittees in North Carolina from 1996 to 2020. The findings of the researchers are analyzed in light of the lack of a formal post-release monitoring system in their state, contrasted with outcomes in states where a strict monitoring program is in place. Commentary is provided on the study findings, including associations between demographic, psychiatric, and criminological characteristics of insanity acquittees and release outcomes, as well as an apparent systemic bias against minority acquittees in the insanity commitment and release process in North Carolina. Further research on this important topic, from additional state jurisdictions, is recommended.
{"title":"The Value of Conditional Release for Insanity Acquittees.","authors":"James B Reynolds","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230062-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29158/JAAPL.230062-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The procedures and outcomes of conditional release of insanity acquittees is a relatively neglected area of forensic psychiatric research. The release procedures vary in individual states, resulting in a wide range of approaches, from the careful selection of appropriate patients and strict monitoring in the community, to literally no mechanism for ensuring the future safety of such individuals. In North Carolina there are institutional barriers which even hinder research on the outcomes of such cases. Haroon and colleagues report on the post-release outcomes of insanity acquittees in North Carolina from 1996 to 2020. The findings of the researchers are analyzed in light of the lack of a formal post-release monitoring system in their state, contrasted with outcomes in states where a strict monitoring program is in place. Commentary is provided on the study findings, including associations between demographic, psychiatric, and criminological characteristics of insanity acquittees and release outcomes, as well as an apparent systemic bias against minority acquittees in the insanity commitment and release process in North Carolina. Further research on this important topic, from additional state jurisdictions, is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":"51 3","pages":"353-356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10195402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230040-23
Lisa Harding
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic that has gained attention in the field of psychiatry because of its unique mechanism of action and potential for treating treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders. It has been used off label for decades to treat depression, anxiety, and chronic pain. One of the most significant advancements has been the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) approval of esketamine, the S enantiomer of racemic ketamine, for treatmentresistant depression (TRD) and depression with acute suicidal ideation. Unlike traditional antidepressants, which can take several weeks to start working, esketamine and ketamine can begin to alleviate symptoms within hours of administration. Esketamine is also the only antidepressant of its kind to be studied and approved by the FDA for depressive symptoms in a suicidal population. Over the last five years there has been increased tension among medical providers regarding who is best suited to deliver care with ketamine and esketamine. Although the use of ketamine for depression and other psychiatric conditions has gained increasing attention, there is limited research available to support its use in many of the disorders for which it is used off label. Despite this lack of evidence, ketamine clinics have emerged as a popular alternative for patients who have not responded to traditional treatment options. In addition, the classification of the drug as a Schedule III (CIII) controlled substance and its potential for abuse and dependence raise significant concerns about its safety and appropriate use in medical settings. There is a pressing need for increased research and regulatory oversight into the potential risks and benefits of ketamine as a treatment for multiple psychiatric conditions. As the off-label use of ketamine for psychiatric disorders evolves as a therapeutic option, it is imperative that regulatory authorities promptly establish guidelines and regulations to promote its safe and effective use. This editorial examines the current state of knowledge regarding the use of ketamine and esketamine for psychiatric disorders and presents a framework for thinking through the challenges and opportunities for regulating the use of ketamine in psychiatry.
{"title":"Regulating Ketamine Use in Psychiatry.","authors":"Lisa Harding","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230040-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29158/JAAPL.230040-23","url":null,"abstract":"Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic that has gained attention in the field of psychiatry because of its unique mechanism of action and potential for treating treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders. It has been used off label for decades to treat depression, anxiety, and chronic pain. One of the most significant advancements has been the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) approval of esketamine, the S enantiomer of racemic ketamine, for treatmentresistant depression (TRD) and depression with acute suicidal ideation. Unlike traditional antidepressants, which can take several weeks to start working, esketamine and ketamine can begin to alleviate symptoms within hours of administration. Esketamine is also the only antidepressant of its kind to be studied and approved by the FDA for depressive symptoms in a suicidal population. Over the last five years there has been increased tension among medical providers regarding who is best suited to deliver care with ketamine and esketamine. Although the use of ketamine for depression and other psychiatric conditions has gained increasing attention, there is limited research available to support its use in many of the disorders for which it is used off label. Despite this lack of evidence, ketamine clinics have emerged as a popular alternative for patients who have not responded to traditional treatment options. In addition, the classification of the drug as a Schedule III (CIII) controlled substance and its potential for abuse and dependence raise significant concerns about its safety and appropriate use in medical settings. There is a pressing need for increased research and regulatory oversight into the potential risks and benefits of ketamine as a treatment for multiple psychiatric conditions. As the off-label use of ketamine for psychiatric disorders evolves as a therapeutic option, it is imperative that regulatory authorities promptly establish guidelines and regulations to promote its safe and effective use. This editorial examines the current state of knowledge regarding the use of ketamine and esketamine for psychiatric disorders and presents a framework for thinking through the challenges and opportunities for regulating the use of ketamine in psychiatry.","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":"51 3","pages":"320-325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10137794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.230070-23
Krista Ulisse, Aliana M. Abascal
{"title":"Defining the Term Mental Disorder in Nebraska’s Statute","authors":"Krista Ulisse, Aliana M. Abascal","doi":"10.29158/JAAPL.230070-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29158/JAAPL.230070-23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law","volume":"51 1","pages":"457 - 458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48943139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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