Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.1088/2634-4505/ad097b
Ashish Shrestha, Gregory J Howland Jr., Christopher M Chini
Climate change-induced sea level rise, storm surge and extreme precipitation in coastal regions of the United States (US) are affecting coastal infrastructure systems, including transportation, defense, energy, buildings, water supply, wastewater, stormwater and shoreline infrastructure. The interdependencies among these systems further worsen the climate change risks affecting infrastructure reliability and resiliency. Evaluating the current state of scientific research focus on climate change-induced coastal flood risk and the adaptation of US coastal infrastructure systems helps in understanding the current progress in critical coastal infrastructure adaptation and guides future research in the necessary direction. In this review, we synthesize the scientific literature through a metadata analysis within the scope of US coastal infrastructure system risk due to climate change-induced recurrent flooding in seven key coastal infrastructure systems across different coastal regions, namely, New England, the Mid-Atlantic, the Southeast and Gulf, and the West Coast. Our review found that coastal stormwater and shoreline protection systems and transportation systems are the most studied, while water supply and defense systems are the least studied topics. Over the last decade of scientific contributions, there has been a distinct shift in focus from understanding and quantifying coastal flood risks towards adapting coastal infrastructure systems. The majority of the studies are based in the Mid-Atlantic, Southeast and Gulf, while national scale studies are very limited. Although critical to resilient coastal infrastructure systems, the consideration of interdependencies or studies expanding across multiple infrastructure systems are limited. Out of the forward-looking studies that consider future climate scenarios, 39% considered only long-term (year 2100) scenarios, while 27% considered all short-, medium- and long-term scenarios. Considering finite resources and finite infrastructure life span, the ultimate focus on the end of the century climate scenarios extending beyond most of the existing infrastructure’s design life is a challenge to adaptation planning.
{"title":"A review of climate change induced flood impacts and adaptation of coastal infrastructure systems in the United States","authors":"Ashish Shrestha, Gregory J Howland Jr., Christopher M Chini","doi":"10.1088/2634-4505/ad097b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/ad097b","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change-induced sea level rise, storm surge and extreme precipitation in coastal regions of the United States (US) are affecting coastal infrastructure systems, including transportation, defense, energy, buildings, water supply, wastewater, stormwater and shoreline infrastructure. The interdependencies among these systems further worsen the climate change risks affecting infrastructure reliability and resiliency. Evaluating the current state of scientific research focus on climate change-induced coastal flood risk and the adaptation of US coastal infrastructure systems helps in understanding the current progress in critical coastal infrastructure adaptation and guides future research in the necessary direction. In this review, we synthesize the scientific literature through a metadata analysis within the scope of US coastal infrastructure system risk due to climate change-induced recurrent flooding in seven key coastal infrastructure systems across different coastal regions, namely, New England, the Mid-Atlantic, the Southeast and Gulf, and the West Coast. Our review found that coastal stormwater and shoreline protection systems and transportation systems are the most studied, while water supply and defense systems are the least studied topics. Over the last decade of scientific contributions, there has been a distinct shift in focus from understanding and quantifying coastal flood risks towards adapting coastal infrastructure systems. The majority of the studies are based in the Mid-Atlantic, Southeast and Gulf, while national scale studies are very limited. Although critical to resilient coastal infrastructure systems, the consideration of interdependencies or studies expanding across multiple infrastructure systems are limited. Out of the forward-looking studies that consider future climate scenarios, 39% considered only long-term (year 2100) scenarios, while 27% considered all short-, medium- and long-term scenarios. Considering finite resources and finite infrastructure life span, the ultimate focus on the end of the century climate scenarios extending beyond most of the existing infrastructure’s design life is a challenge to adaptation planning.","PeriodicalId":476263,"journal":{"name":"Environmental research: infrastructure and sustainability","volume":"103 S107","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Agricultural supply chains play a crucial role in supporting food security in Africa. However, high-resolution supply chain information is often not available, which hinders our ability to determine which interventions in food supply chains would most enhance food security. In this study, we develop a high-resolution supply chain model for essential staple crops in Zambia, aiming to estimate how improvements in transportation infrastructure would impact food security. Specifically, we simulate district-level monthly consumption, trade flows, and storage for maize and cassava in Zambia. We then conduct a counterfactual case study with low transportation costs, discovering that reducing transaction costs leads to higher aggregate net agricultural revenue and aggregate net expenditure. These results indicate that transportation investments are more beneficial to suppliers than to consumers, with implications for household food security in smallholder agriculture. Our study highlights the potential for infrastructure investments to improve food security.
{"title":"Potential impacts of transportation infrastructure improvements to maize and cassava supply chains in Zambia","authors":"Junren Wang, Megan Konar, Kathy Baylis, Lyndon Estes, Protensia Hadunka, Sitian Xiong, Kelly Caylor","doi":"10.1088/2634-4505/ad04e4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/ad04e4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Agricultural supply chains play a crucial role in supporting food security in Africa. However, high-resolution supply chain information is often not available, which hinders our ability to determine which interventions in food supply chains would most enhance food security. In this study, we develop a high-resolution supply chain model for essential staple crops in Zambia, aiming to estimate how improvements in transportation infrastructure would impact food security. Specifically, we simulate district-level monthly consumption, trade flows, and storage for maize and cassava in Zambia. We then conduct a counterfactual case study with low transportation costs, discovering that reducing transaction costs leads to higher aggregate net agricultural revenue and aggregate net expenditure. These results indicate that transportation investments are more beneficial to suppliers than to consumers, with implications for household food security in smallholder agriculture. Our study highlights the potential for infrastructure investments to improve food security.","PeriodicalId":476263,"journal":{"name":"Environmental research: infrastructure and sustainability","volume":"172 S389","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135775149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1088/2634-4505/ad064c
Richard J H Dallison, Sopan Patil
Abstract Run-of-river hydropower in the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland is a small but vital component of renewable electricity generation that enhances grid diversification and resilience, contributes to the net-zero emissions targets, and provides local community benefits. Planning approval by environmental regulators for hydropower water abstraction is based on the abstraction licence conditions (ALCs) that dictate when and how much water may be taken from a given stream location. Although ALCs for non-environmentally sensitive rivers vary across England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Ireland, the impacts of these variations on power generation are not fully understood. Here, we investigate how ALC variations across the UK and Ireland have historically impacted water abstraction and power generation and might continue to do so under future climate conditions. Specifically, we apply five distinct ALCs combination sets, as laid out by the five environmental regulators in the region, to historical observed streamflows and future projected flows (modelled for the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario using the EXP-HYDRO hydrological model), at 531 hydropower sites across the UK and Ireland. We then calculate the daily water abstraction potential for each hydropower site and the collective power generation potential separately for Great Britain (GB) and the Island of Ireland (IoI). Our results show that the ALCs that permit greater use of lower flows allow for more power generation than those that enable abstraction during high flow conditions. The most optimal combination of ALCs for power generation, when compared to those currently in use, increases future generation potential by 30.4% for GB and 24.4% for the IoI, while maintaining environmental protection as per the Welsh guidelines. Our results suggest that ALC policy and regulatory reforms are needed to provide optimal use of future streamflows for hydropower generation while ensuring protection for the environment is maintained.
{"title":"Run-of-river hydropower in the UK and Ireland: the case for abstraction licences based on future flows","authors":"Richard J H Dallison, Sopan Patil","doi":"10.1088/2634-4505/ad064c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/ad064c","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Run-of-river hydropower in the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland is a small but vital component of renewable electricity generation that enhances grid diversification and resilience, contributes to the net-zero emissions targets, and provides local community benefits. Planning approval by environmental regulators for hydropower water abstraction is based on the abstraction licence conditions (ALCs) that dictate when and how much water may be taken from a given stream location. Although ALCs for non-environmentally sensitive rivers vary across England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Ireland, the impacts of these variations on power generation are not fully understood. Here, we investigate how ALC variations across the UK and Ireland have historically impacted water abstraction and power generation and might continue to do so under future climate conditions. Specifically, we apply five distinct ALCs combination sets, as laid out by the five environmental regulators in the region, to historical observed streamflows and future projected flows (modelled for the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario using the EXP-HYDRO hydrological model), at 531 hydropower sites across the UK and Ireland. We then calculate the daily water abstraction potential for each hydropower site and the collective power generation potential separately for Great Britain (GB) and the Island of Ireland (IoI). Our results show that the ALCs that permit greater use of lower flows allow for more power generation than those that enable abstraction during high flow conditions. The most optimal combination of ALCs for power generation, when compared to those currently in use, increases future generation potential by 30.4% for GB and 24.4% for the IoI, while maintaining environmental protection as per the Welsh guidelines. Our results suggest that ALC policy and regulatory reforms are needed to provide optimal use of future streamflows for hydropower generation while ensuring protection for the environment is maintained.","PeriodicalId":476263,"journal":{"name":"Environmental research: infrastructure and sustainability","volume":"390 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135111862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1088/2634-4505/ad025d
Zachary Berzolla, Yu Qian Ang, Samuel Letellier-Duchesne, Christoph Reinhart
Abstract With buildings accounting for 40% of global carbon emissions, cities striving to meet sustainability targets aligned with the Paris Agreement must retrofit their existing building stock within 30 years. Previous studies have shown that urban building energy models (UBEMs) can help cities identify technology pathways—combinations of energy efficiency retrofits and renewable energy deployment strategies—to meet emissions reduction goals. UBEMs are currently limited by cost to only the largest cities but must be expanded to all cities if society is going to meet scientifically-identified emissions reduction goals. This manuscript presents an eight-step framework to scale technology pathways analyses using UBEMs to all communities in a repeatable, affordable manner. The roles and responsibilities of three key personas, the sustainability champion, GIS manager, and an energy modeler, for each step are identified. The eight-step process is tested with a case study of 13 100 buildings in Oshkosh, WI, USA. The case study identified a technically-feasible path to nearly net zero emissions for Oshkosh’s buildings. Constraints in the workforce, supply chain, and retrofit adoption to attain this goal were identified to inform policymakers. The case study suggests that the eight-step process is a blueprint for action in communities around the world.
{"title":"An eight-step simulation-based framework to help cities reach building-related emissions reduction goals","authors":"Zachary Berzolla, Yu Qian Ang, Samuel Letellier-Duchesne, Christoph Reinhart","doi":"10.1088/2634-4505/ad025d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/ad025d","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With buildings accounting for 40% of global carbon emissions, cities striving to meet sustainability targets aligned with the Paris Agreement must retrofit their existing building stock within 30 years. Previous studies have shown that urban building energy models (UBEMs) can help cities identify technology pathways—combinations of energy efficiency retrofits and renewable energy deployment strategies—to meet emissions reduction goals. UBEMs are currently limited by cost to only the largest cities but must be expanded to all cities if society is going to meet scientifically-identified emissions reduction goals. This manuscript presents an eight-step framework to scale technology pathways analyses using UBEMs to all communities in a repeatable, affordable manner. The roles and responsibilities of three key personas, the sustainability champion, GIS manager, and an energy modeler, for each step are identified. The eight-step process is tested with a case study of 13 100 buildings in Oshkosh, WI, USA. The case study identified a technically-feasible path to nearly net zero emissions for Oshkosh’s buildings. Constraints in the workforce, supply chain, and retrofit adoption to attain this goal were identified to inform policymakers. The case study suggests that the eight-step process is a blueprint for action in communities around the world.","PeriodicalId":476263,"journal":{"name":"Environmental research: infrastructure and sustainability","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135667265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The increasing frequency and size of wildfires across the U.S. motivates the growing need to identify how affected communities can rebuild sustainably and resiliently. This study examines the jurisdictional decision-making process surrounding one important class of sustainability and resiliency decisions, focusing on energy and wildfire building codes for housing reconstruction. Through 22 interviews with staff and elected officials in three jurisdictions impacted by Colorado’s Marshall Fire, we identify factors influencing decisions. Code decisions varied across jurisdictions and, in some cases, building codes were relaxed, while in other cases, increased resiliency and sustainability standards were adopted after the fire. Jurisdictions with more experience had more certainty regarding code costs and effectiveness, leading to more stringent code adoption. Thus, findings encourage jurisdictions to create rebuilding plans pre-disaster to reduce the impact of uncertainty in post-disaster decision-making. The data also indicate that while local jurisdictions are well-suited to work cooperatively with homeowners impacted by disasters to return to the community, the state can play a role by informing or mandating disaster plans or establishing minimum code requirements. 
{"title":"Jurisdictional decision-making about building codes for resiliency and sustainability post-fire","authors":"Megan Ellery, Amy Javernick-Will, Abbie Liel, Katherine Dickinson","doi":"10.1088/2634-4505/ad02b8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/ad02b8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The increasing frequency and size of wildfires across the U.S. motivates the growing need to identify how affected communities can rebuild sustainably and resiliently. This study examines the jurisdictional decision-making process surrounding one important class of sustainability and resiliency decisions, focusing on energy and wildfire building codes for housing reconstruction. Through 22 interviews with staff and elected officials in three jurisdictions impacted by Colorado’s Marshall Fire, we identify factors influencing decisions. Code decisions varied across jurisdictions and, in some cases, building codes were relaxed, while in other cases, increased resiliency and sustainability standards were adopted after the fire. Jurisdictions with more experience had more certainty regarding code costs and effectiveness, leading to more stringent code adoption. Thus, findings encourage jurisdictions to create rebuilding plans pre-disaster to reduce the impact of uncertainty in post-disaster decision-making. The data also indicate that while local jurisdictions are well-suited to work cooperatively with homeowners impacted by disasters to return to the community, the state can play a role by informing or mandating disaster plans or establishing minimum code requirements. 
","PeriodicalId":476263,"journal":{"name":"Environmental research: infrastructure and sustainability","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135968813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.1088/2634-4505/acfbaf
Tuomo Joensuu, Eero Tuominen, Juha Vinha, Arto Saari
Abstract Due to the heavy environmental impacts on the building industry, wood-based building materials are gaining interest. They may improve the indoor climate and have a low carbon footprint compared to steel and concrete structures. This study provides knowledge on the carbon footprint of wood shavings (WSs) and WSs improved with clay as insulation materials. The study defines the lifecycle emissions of five different wall structures, of which two are of conventional type in the Finnish context and three with WSs as insulation. The study follows the EN standards on buildings’ life cycle assessment with a streamlined approach and discusses the applicability of the method in the normative context. The study analyzes multiple methodological aspects, including biogenic carbon, co-product allocation, and defining the functional unit in wall structure comparison. In the base case, the exterior wall using WS as insulation provided the lowest GHG emissions of the compared structures. The study finds global warming potential (GWP) of WSs moderately sensitive to allocation choices and energy sources used in the drying of WSs with clay, while the End-of-Life treatment option can radically change the results in biogenic GWP. From the perspective of applying the buildings’ life cycle assessment in the normative context, there is a call for further research for controlling uncertainties in modeling End-of-Life options of biogenic materials.
{"title":"Methodological aspects in assessing the whole-life global warming potential of wood-based building materials: Comparing exterior wall structures insulated with wood shavings","authors":"Tuomo Joensuu, Eero Tuominen, Juha Vinha, Arto Saari","doi":"10.1088/2634-4505/acfbaf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/acfbaf","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Due to the heavy environmental impacts on the building industry, wood-based building materials are gaining interest. They may improve the indoor climate and have a low carbon footprint compared to steel and concrete structures. This study provides knowledge on the carbon footprint of wood shavings (WSs) and WSs improved with clay as insulation materials. The study defines the lifecycle emissions of five different wall structures, of which two are of conventional type in the Finnish context and three with WSs as insulation. The study follows the EN standards on buildings’ life cycle assessment with a streamlined approach and discusses the applicability of the method in the normative context. The study analyzes multiple methodological aspects, including biogenic carbon, co-product allocation, and defining the functional unit in wall structure comparison. In the base case, the exterior wall using WS as insulation provided the lowest GHG emissions of the compared structures. The study finds global warming potential (GWP) of WSs moderately sensitive to allocation choices and energy sources used in the drying of WSs with clay, while the End-of-Life treatment option can radically change the results in biogenic GWP. From the perspective of applying the buildings’ life cycle assessment in the normative context, there is a call for further research for controlling uncertainties in modeling End-of-Life options of biogenic materials.","PeriodicalId":476263,"journal":{"name":"Environmental research: infrastructure and sustainability","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136254657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.1088/2634-4505/acfabd
Maria Ikonomova, Kristen MacAskill
Abstract Climate-related hazards such as heatwaves, flooding, wildfires, and storms will increase morbidity and mortality unless infrastructure decision-makers—including urban planners, infrastructure asset managers, and utility providers—implement preventive measures to protect public health from these hazards. Existing research and policies have not systematically identified the key risk factors that these decision-makers need to manage to protect public health in a changing climate. This gap leads to unclarity regarding what infrastructure interventions are required to prevent climate-related health risks and what actors have a responsibility to manage these risks. The Climate-Health-Infrastructure-Pathways Model is introduced in this paper to address this gap and provide a conceptual map that captures the role of physical infrastructure systems in the pathways between climate-related hazards and health risks. The model surpasses what can be found in existing climate change research and policy, including the latest IPCC reporting, and is a conceptual qualitative tool that offers a typology of climate and health risks for infrastructure management. Decision-makers can use the model as a starting point to review the coverage of their current climate risk management plans and identify further opportunities to develop preventive infrastructure responses to protect public health in a changing climate.
{"title":"Climate change hazards, physical infrastructure systems and health pathways","authors":"Maria Ikonomova, Kristen MacAskill","doi":"10.1088/2634-4505/acfabd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/acfabd","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate-related hazards such as heatwaves, flooding, wildfires, and storms will increase morbidity and mortality unless infrastructure decision-makers—including urban planners, infrastructure asset managers, and utility providers—implement preventive measures to protect public health from these hazards. Existing research and policies have not systematically identified the key risk factors that these decision-makers need to manage to protect public health in a changing climate. This gap leads to unclarity regarding what infrastructure interventions are required to prevent climate-related health risks and what actors have a responsibility to manage these risks. The Climate-Health-Infrastructure-Pathways Model is introduced in this paper to address this gap and provide a conceptual map that captures the role of physical infrastructure systems in the pathways between climate-related hazards and health risks. The model surpasses what can be found in existing climate change research and policy, including the latest IPCC reporting, and is a conceptual qualitative tool that offers a typology of climate and health risks for infrastructure management. Decision-makers can use the model as a starting point to review the coverage of their current climate risk management plans and identify further opportunities to develop preventive infrastructure responses to protect public health in a changing climate.","PeriodicalId":476263,"journal":{"name":"Environmental research: infrastructure and sustainability","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134947894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1088/2634-4505/acf60d
Maxime A Visa, Sara F Camilleri, Anastasia Montgomery, Jordan L Schnell, Mark Janssen, Zachariah E Adelman, Susan C Anenberg, Emily A Grubert, Daniel E Horton
Abstract Electric vehicles (EVs) constitute just a fraction of the current U.S. transportation fleet; however, EV market share is surging. EV adoption reduces on-road transportation greenhouse gas emissions by decoupling transportation services from petroleum, but impacts on air quality and public health depend on the nature and location of vehicle usage and electricity generation. Here, we use a regulatory-grade chemical transport model and a vehicle-to-electricity generation unit electricity assignment algorithm to characterize neighborhood-scale (∼1 km) air quality and public health benefits and tradeoffs associated with a multi-modal EV transition. We focus on a Chicago-centric regional domain wherein 30% of the on-road transportation fleet is instantaneously electrified and changes in on-road, refueling, and power plant emissions are considered. We find decreases in annual population-weighted domain mean NO 2 (−11.83%) and PM 2.5 (−2.46%) with concentration reductions of up to −5.1 ppb and −0.98 µ g m −3 in urban cores. Conversely, annual population-weighted domain mean maximum daily 8 h average ozone (MDA8O 3 ) concentrations increase +0.64%, with notable intra-urban changes of up to +2.3 ppb. Despite mixed pollutant concentration outcomes, we find overall positive public health outcomes, largely driven by NO 2 concentration reductions that result in outsized mortality rate reductions for people of color, particularly for the Black populations within our domain.
{"title":"Neighborhood-scale air quality, public health, and equity implications of multi-modal vehicle electrification","authors":"Maxime A Visa, Sara F Camilleri, Anastasia Montgomery, Jordan L Schnell, Mark Janssen, Zachariah E Adelman, Susan C Anenberg, Emily A Grubert, Daniel E Horton","doi":"10.1088/2634-4505/acf60d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/acf60d","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Electric vehicles (EVs) constitute just a fraction of the current U.S. transportation fleet; however, EV market share is surging. EV adoption reduces on-road transportation greenhouse gas emissions by decoupling transportation services from petroleum, but impacts on air quality and public health depend on the nature and location of vehicle usage and electricity generation. Here, we use a regulatory-grade chemical transport model and a vehicle-to-electricity generation unit electricity assignment algorithm to characterize neighborhood-scale (∼1 km) air quality and public health benefits and tradeoffs associated with a multi-modal EV transition. We focus on a Chicago-centric regional domain wherein 30% of the on-road transportation fleet is instantaneously electrified and changes in on-road, refueling, and power plant emissions are considered. We find decreases in annual population-weighted domain mean NO 2 (−11.83%) and PM 2.5 (−2.46%) with concentration reductions of up to −5.1 ppb and −0.98 µ g m −3 in urban cores. Conversely, annual population-weighted domain mean maximum daily 8 h average ozone (MDA8O 3 ) concentrations increase +0.64%, with notable intra-urban changes of up to +2.3 ppb. Despite mixed pollutant concentration outcomes, we find overall positive public health outcomes, largely driven by NO 2 concentration reductions that result in outsized mortality rate reductions for people of color, particularly for the Black populations within our domain.","PeriodicalId":476263,"journal":{"name":"Environmental research: infrastructure and sustainability","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135890173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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