Aditya Srivastav, Yash Srivastav, Abdul Hameed, Mohd. Imtiyaz Ahmad
The use of isolated plant components and herbal extracts in the treatment of wounds and skin conditions is growing. In recent years, numerous new herbal medications, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics have been produced to address a variety of skin disorders. We concentrate on herbal medications that underwent testing in well-controlled clinical trials or reliable preclinical investigations in this systematic review. Herbal biomedicines are designed to treat a variety of conditions, including atopic dermatitis (using St. John's wort, licorice, tormentil, bitter substances, and evening primrose), psoriasis (using araroba tree, lace flower, barberry bark, indigo, turmeric, olibanum, and St. John's wort), actinic keratosis (using birch bark and petty spurge), herpes simplex (using lemon balm, sage, and rhubarb), rosacea (using green tea, licorice, tormentil, and acne vulgaris) and acne vulgaris (using tea tree oil, green tea, and hop), or to enhance photoprotection (using green tea, Dyer's weed, cocoa tree, carotinoids, and licorice), aesthetic dermatology (using licorice, pine bark, and gotu kola), and wound healing (using birch bark and onion).
{"title":"Prevention and cure of dermatology disorders using herbal medications: summary","authors":"Aditya Srivastav, Yash Srivastav, Abdul Hameed, Mohd. Imtiyaz Ahmad","doi":"10.46956/ijihd.v9i1.568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46956/ijihd.v9i1.568","url":null,"abstract":"The use of isolated plant components and herbal extracts in the treatment of wounds and skin conditions is growing. In recent years, numerous new herbal medications, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics have been produced to address a variety of skin disorders. We concentrate on herbal medications that underwent testing in well-controlled clinical trials or reliable preclinical investigations in this systematic review. Herbal biomedicines are designed to treat a variety of conditions, including atopic dermatitis (using St. John's wort, licorice, tormentil, bitter substances, and evening primrose), psoriasis (using araroba tree, lace flower, barberry bark, indigo, turmeric, olibanum, and St. John's wort), actinic keratosis (using birch bark and petty spurge), herpes simplex (using lemon balm, sage, and rhubarb), rosacea (using green tea, licorice, tormentil, and acne vulgaris) and acne vulgaris (using tea tree oil, green tea, and hop), or to enhance photoprotection (using green tea, Dyer's weed, cocoa tree, carotinoids, and licorice), aesthetic dermatology (using licorice, pine bark, and gotu kola), and wound healing (using birch bark and onion).","PeriodicalId":476291,"journal":{"name":"International journal of indigenous herbs and drugs","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140421871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aegle marmelos, commonly known as Bael, is a medicinal plant with a wide range of pharmacological properties. However, its therapeutic potential is often limited by its poor bioavailability due to low water solubility and inefficient absorption. Phytosomes, a novel drug delivery system, have emerged as a promising approach to improving the bioavailability and efficacy of herbal extracts. In this study, we aimed to develop and characterize phytosomes containing Aegle marmelos extract for enhanced therapeutic benefits. The phytosomes were prepared using a solvent evaporation technique, where phospholipids were complexed with the Aegle marmelos extract. The formulation was evaluated using various ratios of phospholipids and extract to achieve maximum entrapment efficiency and drug-loading capacity. The resulting phytosomes were then characterized for their physicochemical properties, including particle size, zeta potential, and morphology using techniques such as dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the in vitro release profile of the Aegle marmelos phytosomes was evaluated using a dissolution apparatus to determine their sustained release behavior. The improved dissolution profile indicated prolonged drug release, suggesting enhanced bioavailability and potential for reduced dosing frequency. In conclusion, our study successfully developed and characterized phytosomes containing Aegle marmelos extract, showing improved bioavailability and enhanced cellular uptake. These findings indicate the potential of phytosomes as a promising drug delivery system to optimize the therapeutic benefits of Aegle marmelos and potentially other herbal extracts.
Keywords: Phytosomes, extract, evaluation.
{"title":"Development and characterization of phytosomes containing aegle marmelos (bael)","authors":"None Rajendra, Kapil Kumar, Aparna Joshi, Anjali Negi, Vaishali Rajput","doi":"10.46956/ijihd.v8i5.490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46956/ijihd.v8i5.490","url":null,"abstract":"Aegle marmelos, commonly known as Bael, is a medicinal plant with a wide range of pharmacological properties. However, its therapeutic potential is often limited by its poor bioavailability due to low water solubility and inefficient absorption. Phytosomes, a novel drug delivery system, have emerged as a promising approach to improving the bioavailability and efficacy of herbal extracts. In this study, we aimed to develop and characterize phytosomes containing Aegle marmelos extract for enhanced therapeutic benefits. The phytosomes were prepared using a solvent evaporation technique, where phospholipids were complexed with the Aegle marmelos extract. The formulation was evaluated using various ratios of phospholipids and extract to achieve maximum entrapment efficiency and drug-loading capacity. The resulting phytosomes were then characterized for their physicochemical properties, including particle size, zeta potential, and morphology using techniques such as dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the in vitro release profile of the Aegle marmelos phytosomes was evaluated using a dissolution apparatus to determine their sustained release behavior. The improved dissolution profile indicated prolonged drug release, suggesting enhanced bioavailability and potential for reduced dosing frequency. In conclusion, our study successfully developed and characterized phytosomes containing Aegle marmelos extract, showing improved bioavailability and enhanced cellular uptake. These findings indicate the potential of phytosomes as a promising drug delivery system to optimize the therapeutic benefits of Aegle marmelos and potentially other herbal extracts.
 Keywords: Phytosomes, extract, evaluation.","PeriodicalId":476291,"journal":{"name":"International journal of indigenous herbs and drugs","volume":"54 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135036890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The buccal mucosa is one of the administration sites that might provide an alternative for peroral administration. The successful delivery of drugs across the oral mucosa represents a continuing challenge, as well as a great opportunity. Buccal delivery, has progressed far beyond the use of traditional dosage forms with novel approaches emerging continuously. Buccal drug delivery system in which drug enters directly in systemic circulation thereby by passing the first pass effect. This is painless and without discomfort, precise dosage form and facilitates ease of removal without significant associated pain. Moreover it shows better stability, patient compliance; uniform and sustained drug release and above all easy and cheap methods of preparation which can be done with various commonly available biocompatible polymers. The buccal route has been researched for a wide variety of drugs and has gained significant attention and momentum since it offers remarkable advantages. Over past few decades, buccal route for systemic drug delivery using mucoadhesive polymers to significantly improve the performance of many drugs has been of profound interest. Present article deals with the different aspect of the buccal patches.
{"title":"Buccal Patches: A Comprehensive review","authors":"Shivani Prajapati, Aparna Joshi, Kapil Kumar, Vaishali Rajput, None Ikram","doi":"10.46956/ijihd.v8i6.513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46956/ijihd.v8i6.513","url":null,"abstract":"The buccal mucosa is one of the administration sites that might provide an alternative for peroral administration. The successful delivery of drugs across the oral mucosa represents a continuing challenge, as well as a great opportunity. Buccal delivery, has progressed far beyond the use of traditional dosage forms with novel approaches emerging continuously. Buccal drug delivery system in which drug enters directly in systemic circulation thereby by passing the first pass effect. This is painless and without discomfort, precise dosage form and facilitates ease of removal without significant associated pain. Moreover it shows better stability, patient compliance; uniform and sustained drug release and above all easy and cheap methods of preparation which can be done with various commonly available biocompatible polymers. The buccal route has been researched for a wide variety of drugs and has gained significant attention and momentum since it offers remarkable advantages. Over past few decades, buccal route for systemic drug delivery using mucoadhesive polymers to significantly improve the performance of many drugs has been of profound interest. Present article deals with the different aspect of the buccal patches.","PeriodicalId":476291,"journal":{"name":"International journal of indigenous herbs and drugs","volume":"24 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135087048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, advancement in nanocarrier technology gain interest of researchers because it offered various advantages in term of safety and efficacy like enhanced delivery of therapeutics with diverse pharmacological effects, featuring improved targeting capabilities and minimized adverse effects over other carrier systems. Similarly, Niosomes proved as a promising and novel drug carrier. Niosomes are vesicular drug carrier approach which provides controlled and targeted drug delivery. It consist non-ionic surfactants, cholesterol or its derivatives and charged molecules and can be unilamellar, oligolamellar or multilamellar. Their distinctive attributes include the ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic components. This review article illustrates all the basic details of niosomes like structure of niosomes, types of niosomes, its merits and demerits, routes of administration, methods of preparation, factors affecting their formation, evaluation criteria for niosomes as well as their applications and existing marketed formulations.
{"title":"An updated review on niosomes: a promising drug carrier","authors":"Ramesh Kandpal, Aparna Joshi, Kapil Kumar, Vaishali Rajput, Vaishali Chauhan","doi":"10.46956/ijihd.v8i6.512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46956/ijihd.v8i6.512","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, advancement in nanocarrier technology gain interest of researchers because it offered various advantages in term of safety and efficacy like enhanced delivery of therapeutics with diverse pharmacological effects, featuring improved targeting capabilities and minimized adverse effects over other carrier systems. Similarly, Niosomes proved as a promising and novel drug carrier. Niosomes are vesicular drug carrier approach which provides controlled and targeted drug delivery. It consist non-ionic surfactants, cholesterol or its derivatives and charged molecules and can be unilamellar, oligolamellar or multilamellar. Their distinctive attributes include the ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic components. This review article illustrates all the basic details of niosomes like structure of niosomes, types of niosomes, its merits and demerits, routes of administration, methods of preparation, factors affecting their formation, evaluation criteria for niosomes as well as their applications and existing marketed formulations.","PeriodicalId":476291,"journal":{"name":"International journal of indigenous herbs and drugs","volume":"15 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135874108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transdermal patches are a cutting-edge drug delivery technology, as it avoids first-pass metabolism results in increased bioavailability and aid in the delivery of drug molecules into the systemic circulation at predetermined and controlled rate.
Aim behind this invention was to formulate a stable, reproducible and non-infringing & examine matrix-type transdermal patches of Simvastatin by using solvent evaporation method and the formulation consist various polymer including HPMC, Ethyl Cellulose, Chitosan, PVPK-30 and Eudragit RS 100, plasticizers like glycerine, propylene glycol, and trietholamine are utilised, along with solvents like octanol and ethanol. The prepared patches are assessed for thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, moisture content, drug content, surface pH and in vitro diffusion studies.
The results indicated that the formulation P4 showed better characteristic properties and in vitro drug diffusion.
Keywords: Transdermal drug delivery system, Simvastatin, HPMC, Eudragit RS100, Ethyl Cellulose.
{"title":"Development and evaluation of matrix type transdermal patches of Simvastatin","authors":"None Aftaab, Kapil Kumar, Vaishali Chauhan, None Ikram, Vaishali Rajput","doi":"10.46956/ijihd.v8i5.489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46956/ijihd.v8i5.489","url":null,"abstract":"Transdermal patches are a cutting-edge drug delivery technology, as it avoids first-pass metabolism results in increased bioavailability and aid in the delivery of drug molecules into the systemic circulation at predetermined and controlled rate.
 Aim behind this invention was to formulate a stable, reproducible and non-infringing & examine matrix-type transdermal patches of Simvastatin by using solvent evaporation method and the formulation consist various polymer including HPMC, Ethyl Cellulose, Chitosan, PVPK-30 and Eudragit RS 100, plasticizers like glycerine, propylene glycol, and trietholamine are utilised, along with solvents like octanol and ethanol. The prepared patches are assessed for thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, moisture content, drug content, surface pH and in vitro diffusion studies.
 The results indicated that the formulation P4 showed better characteristic properties and in vitro drug diffusion.
 Keywords: Transdermal drug delivery system, Simvastatin, HPMC, Eudragit RS100, Ethyl Cellulose.","PeriodicalId":476291,"journal":{"name":"International journal of indigenous herbs and drugs","volume":"29 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135322067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gastro retentive delivery systems are designed to be retained in the stomach for a prolonged time and release their active ingredients and thereby enable sustained and prolonged input of the drug to the upper part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The goal of any drug delivery system is to provide a therapeutic amount of drug to proper site in the body to achieve promptly and then maintain a desired drug concentration. Baclofen is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist used as a skeletal muscle relaxant used for the relief of painful and uncomfortable muscle spasms caused by a variety of conditions. Twelve different formulation of Baclofen floating beads were successfully developed using emulsion solvent diffusion method. The beads had good yield and showed high, drug entrapment efficiency. The flow properties of beads were within the acceptable range and therefore would be easily filled into capsules.
Study concludes successfully delivery of Baclofen by the means of floating beads.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING BEADS OF BACLOFEN AS A GASTRORETENTIVE DOSAGE FORM","authors":"Pradeep Kumar, Kapil Kumar, Aparna Joshi, None Ikram, Vaishali Rajput","doi":"10.46956/ijihd.v8i5.488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46956/ijihd.v8i5.488","url":null,"abstract":"Gastro retentive delivery systems are designed to be retained in the stomach for a prolonged time and release their active ingredients and thereby enable sustained and prolonged input of the drug to the upper part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The goal of any drug delivery system is to provide a therapeutic amount of drug to proper site in the body to achieve promptly and then maintain a desired drug concentration. Baclofen is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist used as a skeletal muscle relaxant used for the relief of painful and uncomfortable muscle spasms caused by a variety of conditions. Twelve different formulation of Baclofen floating beads were successfully developed using emulsion solvent diffusion method. The beads had good yield and showed high, drug entrapment efficiency. The flow properties of beads were within the acceptable range and therefore would be easily filled into capsules.
 Study concludes successfully delivery of Baclofen by the means of floating beads.
","PeriodicalId":476291,"journal":{"name":"International journal of indigenous herbs and drugs","volume":"77 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135461786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Dermatophytosis is most common superficial skin infection and dermatophytes are fungi that invade within keratinized tissues; skin, hair and nails. In many studies reported that some medicinal plant are very useful to treat various skin disease included dermatophyte, because these medicinal plants are natural so have low cost, high availability, few side effects and valuable resources.
Objective: To evaluate the antifungal activity of Melaleuca alternifolia, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica, Citrus limonum, Curcuma longa, and Cocos nucifera against the different dermatophytes causing skin infections.
Methods: The Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil), Azadirachta indica (neem oil), Cocos nucifera (coconut oil) and fresh juice of Citrus limonum (Lemon) and aqueous extracts of Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum and Curcuma longa were explored for antifungal susceptibility testing as per CLSI guidelines by agar well diffusion method.
Results: Anti-fungal potentials of the oils and aqueous extracts of different medicinal plants were tested against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. tonsurans, T. verrucosum, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum gypseum, M. canis. All the seven dermatophytes were susceptible to Melaleuca alternifolia, Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum, showed inhibitory zone ranges from 40±2.0mm to 45±2.0mm. Whereas, Azadirachta indica showed inhibitory zone ranges from 18±2.0 mm to 35±2.0mm for all the seven dermatophytes followed by Citrus limonum. On the contrary Curcuma longa and Cocos nucifera not effective against any tested dermatophytes.
Conclusion: The current research provides a scientific validation for the use of these medicinal plants in the treatment of dermatophytic infection and could be used in future for dermatophytic infection and other skin infection.
背景:皮肤癣是最常见的浅表皮肤感染，皮肤癣菌是侵入角质组织的真菌;皮肤、头发和指甲。在许多研究报道中，一些药用植物对治疗包括皮癣在内的各种皮肤病非常有用，因为这些药用植物是天然的，所以成本低，可获得性高，副作用少，资源宝贵。
目的:评价互花千层、鲜姜、葱、印楝、柠檬、姜黄、椰子对不同皮肤感染病原菌的抑菌活性;方法:按照CLSI标准，采用琼脂孔扩散法对互生千层(茶树油)、印楝油、椰子油、柠檬鲜汁和生姜、葱、姜黄水提物进行抗真菌药敏试验。结果:测定了不同药用植物精油和水提物对红毛癣菌、红毛癣菌、褐毛癣菌、疣状癣菌、絮状表皮癣菌、石膏小孢子菌、犬毛癣菌的抑菌活性。7种皮菌对互花千层、生姜和葱均敏感，抑菌带范围为40±2.0mm ~ 45±2.0mm。印楝对7种皮菌的抑菌带均为18±2.0 mm ~ 35±2.0mm，柠檬次之。相反，姜黄和椰子对所有测试的皮肤植物无效。
结论:本研究为这些药用植物治疗皮肤真菌感染提供了科学验证，可为今后治疗皮肤真菌感染及其他皮肤感染提供参考。
{"title":"Research Article In-vitro Anti-dermatophytic Activity of Different Medicinal Plant Extracts","authors":"Sandeep Kaur, Prabhjot Kaur Gill","doi":"10.46956/ijihd.v8i5.493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46956/ijihd.v8i5.493","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dermatophytosis is most common superficial skin infection and dermatophytes are fungi that invade within keratinized tissues; skin, hair and nails. In many studies reported that some medicinal plant are very useful to treat various skin disease included dermatophyte, because these medicinal plants are natural so have low cost, high availability, few side effects and valuable resources.
 Objective: To evaluate the antifungal activity of Melaleuca alternifolia, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica, Citrus limonum, Curcuma longa, and Cocos nucifera against the different dermatophytes causing skin infections.
 Methods: The Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil), Azadirachta indica (neem oil), Cocos nucifera (coconut oil) and fresh juice of Citrus limonum (Lemon) and aqueous extracts of Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum and Curcuma longa were explored for antifungal susceptibility testing as per CLSI guidelines by agar well diffusion method.
 Results: Anti-fungal potentials of the oils and aqueous extracts of different medicinal plants were tested against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. tonsurans, T. verrucosum, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum gypseum, M. canis. All the seven dermatophytes were susceptible to Melaleuca alternifolia, Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum, showed inhibitory zone ranges from 40±2.0mm to 45±2.0mm. Whereas, Azadirachta indica showed inhibitory zone ranges from 18±2.0 mm to 35±2.0mm for all the seven dermatophytes followed by Citrus limonum. On the contrary Curcuma longa and Cocos nucifera not effective against any tested dermatophytes.
 Conclusion: The current research provides a scientific validation for the use of these medicinal plants in the treatment of dermatophytic infection and could be used in future for dermatophytic infection and other skin infection.","PeriodicalId":476291,"journal":{"name":"International journal of indigenous herbs and drugs","volume":"10 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135514088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The antibacterial properties of metal ions like copper and zinc sulfate have been investigated for skin infections occur commonly and often present therapeutic challenges to researchers due to the growing concerns regarding multidrug-resistant bacterial, viral, and fungal strains. However, the synergistic activity between these two metal ions as antimicrobial ingredients has not been evaluated in topical formulations. Formulation of the gels and creams was followed by evaluating their organoleptic characteristics, physicochemical properties, and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Zinc sulfate and copper sulfate had a strong synergistic antibacterial activity in the creams and gels. In this paper evaluated and confirmed the synergistic in vitro antibacterial effect of copper sulfate and zinc sulfate in a cream and gels.
{"title":"Metal Ion Containing Anti-Bacterial Gel: An Overview","authors":"Ankit Singh Chauhan, Ashwani Kumar, Trilochana N","doi":"10.46956/ijihd.v8i3.449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46956/ijihd.v8i3.449","url":null,"abstract":"The antibacterial properties of metal ions like copper and zinc sulfate have been investigated for skin infections occur commonly and often present therapeutic challenges to researchers due to the growing concerns regarding multidrug-resistant bacterial, viral, and fungal strains. However, the synergistic activity between these two metal ions as antimicrobial ingredients has not been evaluated in topical formulations. Formulation of the gels and creams was followed by evaluating their organoleptic characteristics, physicochemical properties, and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Zinc sulfate and copper sulfate had a strong synergistic antibacterial activity in the creams and gels. In this paper evaluated and confirmed the synergistic in vitro antibacterial effect of copper sulfate and zinc sulfate in a cream and gels.","PeriodicalId":476291,"journal":{"name":"International journal of indigenous herbs and drugs","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135159449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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