The main purpose of the research was to assess the role of regional integration in political cooperation among EAC member states. The specific goals were to examine the effect of economic initiatives on political cooperation, to assess the effect of policy harmonization on EAC political cooperation in the case of Rwanda, and to investigate the relationship between diplomatic efforts and EAC political cooperation in the case of Rwanda. The study's insights on Rwanda-EAC dynamics foster stronger political collaboration, guiding EAC policy decisions. It informs Rwanda's diplomatic strategy, enhances cross-border cooperation within the EAC, and serves as a foundational resource for future research and policy recommendations. The study employs Institutional Liberalism Theory, Neo-Functionalism Theory, and Intergovernmentalism Theory to examine how international institutions, spill over effects, and intergovernmental decision-making shape regional integration and political cooperation within the EAC. The interview guide and questionnaire were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data from the field using a descriptive research design. Interviews were conducted with 30 respondents crossing the Gatuna Border using the convenient sampling technique. 68 respondents were selected from the ministry of foreign affairs based on a purposive sampling method to fill out the questionnaire from their respective offices, making 98 respondents out of 274 people in the target population. The results revealed that the evaluation of economic initiatives revealed strong support for their positive impact on EAC's political cooperation, reflected in high mean scores (4.886 to 4.989) and significant Pearson correlation coefficients (0.322 to 0.674, p < 0.01). Similarly, policy harmonization demonstrated positive effects on political cooperation, evident in high mean scores (4.896 to 4.969) and strong Pearson correlation coefficients (0.452 to 0.702, p < 0.01). Effective diplomatic efforts were found to significantly foster political cooperation, indicated by high mean scores (4.824 to 4.958) and moderate to strong Pearson correlation coefficients (0.245 to 0.914). In conclusion, these results underscore the pivotal roles of economic initiatives, policy harmonization, and diplomatic efforts in strengthening political collaboration within the EAC. The study suggests prioritizing continuous dialogue and mutual understanding among EAC diplomats, emphasizing policy harmonization and regional integration. Rwanda, as an EAC member state, should actively engage in integration efforts, while all member states should strive for collaborative decision-making and standardized policies. Citizens and leadership should support initiatives for economic growth and regional cooperation. Keywords: Regional Integration Efforts, Political Cooperation, East African Community, Rwanda
{"title":"Regional Integration Efforts and Political Cooperation of East African Community: A Case of Rwanda","authors":"","doi":"10.53819/81018102t2246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t2246","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of the research was to assess the role of regional integration in political cooperation among EAC member states. The specific goals were to examine the effect of economic initiatives on political cooperation, to assess the effect of policy harmonization on EAC political cooperation in the case of Rwanda, and to investigate the relationship between diplomatic efforts and EAC political cooperation in the case of Rwanda. The study's insights on Rwanda-EAC dynamics foster stronger political collaboration, guiding EAC policy decisions. It informs Rwanda's diplomatic strategy, enhances cross-border cooperation within the EAC, and serves as a foundational resource for future research and policy recommendations. The study employs Institutional Liberalism Theory, Neo-Functionalism Theory, and Intergovernmentalism Theory to examine how international institutions, spill over effects, and intergovernmental decision-making shape regional integration and political cooperation within the EAC. The interview guide and questionnaire were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data from the field using a descriptive research design. Interviews were conducted with 30 respondents crossing the Gatuna Border using the convenient sampling technique. 68 respondents were selected from the ministry of foreign affairs based on a purposive sampling method to fill out the questionnaire from their respective offices, making 98 respondents out of 274 people in the target population. The results revealed that the evaluation of economic initiatives revealed strong support for their positive impact on EAC's political cooperation, reflected in high mean scores (4.886 to 4.989) and significant Pearson correlation coefficients (0.322 to 0.674, p < 0.01). Similarly, policy harmonization demonstrated positive effects on political cooperation, evident in high mean scores (4.896 to 4.969) and strong Pearson correlation coefficients (0.452 to 0.702, p < 0.01). Effective diplomatic efforts were found to significantly foster political cooperation, indicated by high mean scores (4.824 to 4.958) and moderate to strong Pearson correlation coefficients (0.245 to 0.914). In conclusion, these results underscore the pivotal roles of economic initiatives, policy harmonization, and diplomatic efforts in strengthening political collaboration within the EAC. The study suggests prioritizing continuous dialogue and mutual understanding among EAC diplomats, emphasizing policy harmonization and regional integration. Rwanda, as an EAC member state, should actively engage in integration efforts, while all member states should strive for collaborative decision-making and standardized policies. Citizens and leadership should support initiatives for economic growth and regional cooperation. Keywords: Regional Integration Efforts, Political Cooperation, East African Community, Rwanda","PeriodicalId":476360,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public policy & governance","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135820843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main purpose of the research was to assess the role of regional integration in political cooperation among EAC member states. The specific goals were to examine the effect of economic initiatives on political cooperation, to assess the effect of policy harmonization on EAC political cooperation in the case of Rwanda, and to investigate the relationship between diplomatic efforts and EAC political cooperation in the case of Rwanda. The study's insights on Rwanda-EAC dynamics foster stronger political collaboration, guiding EAC policy decisions. It informs Rwanda's diplomatic strategy, enhances cross-border cooperation within the EAC, and serves as a foundational resource for future research and policy recommendations. The study employs Institutional Liberalism Theory, Neo-Functionalism Theory, and Intergovernmentalism Theory to examine how international institutions, spill over effects, and intergovernmental decision-making shape regional integration and political cooperation within the EAC. The interview guide and questionnaire were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data from the field using a descriptive research design. Interviews were conducted with 30 respondents crossing the Gatuna Border using the convenient sampling technique. 68 respondents were selected from the ministry of foreign affairs based on a purposive sampling method to fill out the questionnaire from their respective offices, making 98 respondents out of 274 people in the target population. The results revealed that the evaluation of economic initiatives revealed strong support for their positive impact on EAC's political cooperation, reflected in high mean scores (4.886 to 4.989) and significant Pearson correlation coefficients (0.322 to 0.674, p < 0.01). Similarly, policy harmonization demonstrated positive effects on political cooperation, evident in high mean scores (4.896 to 4.969) and strong Pearson correlation coefficients (0.452 to 0.702, p < 0.01). Effective diplomatic efforts were found to significantly foster political cooperation, indicated by high mean scores (4.824 to 4.958) and moderate to strong Pearson correlation coefficients (0.245 to 0.914). In conclusion, these results underscore the pivotal roles of economic initiatives, policy harmonization, and diplomatic efforts in strengthening political collaboration within the EAC. The study suggests prioritizing continuous dialogue and mutual understanding among EAC diplomats, emphasizing policy harmonization and regional integration. Rwanda, as an EAC member state, should actively engage in integration efforts, while all member states should strive for collaborative decision-making and standardized policies. Citizens and leadership should support initiatives for economic growth and regional cooperation. Keywords: Regional Integration Efforts, Political Cooperation, East African Community, Rwanda
{"title":"Regional Integration Efforts and Political Cooperation of East African Community: A Case of Rwanda","authors":"","doi":"10.53819/81018102t2245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t2245","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of the research was to assess the role of regional integration in political cooperation among EAC member states. The specific goals were to examine the effect of economic initiatives on political cooperation, to assess the effect of policy harmonization on EAC political cooperation in the case of Rwanda, and to investigate the relationship between diplomatic efforts and EAC political cooperation in the case of Rwanda. The study's insights on Rwanda-EAC dynamics foster stronger political collaboration, guiding EAC policy decisions. It informs Rwanda's diplomatic strategy, enhances cross-border cooperation within the EAC, and serves as a foundational resource for future research and policy recommendations. The study employs Institutional Liberalism Theory, Neo-Functionalism Theory, and Intergovernmentalism Theory to examine how international institutions, spill over effects, and intergovernmental decision-making shape regional integration and political cooperation within the EAC. The interview guide and questionnaire were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data from the field using a descriptive research design. Interviews were conducted with 30 respondents crossing the Gatuna Border using the convenient sampling technique. 68 respondents were selected from the ministry of foreign affairs based on a purposive sampling method to fill out the questionnaire from their respective offices, making 98 respondents out of 274 people in the target population. The results revealed that the evaluation of economic initiatives revealed strong support for their positive impact on EAC's political cooperation, reflected in high mean scores (4.886 to 4.989) and significant Pearson correlation coefficients (0.322 to 0.674, p < 0.01). Similarly, policy harmonization demonstrated positive effects on political cooperation, evident in high mean scores (4.896 to 4.969) and strong Pearson correlation coefficients (0.452 to 0.702, p < 0.01). Effective diplomatic efforts were found to significantly foster political cooperation, indicated by high mean scores (4.824 to 4.958) and moderate to strong Pearson correlation coefficients (0.245 to 0.914). In conclusion, these results underscore the pivotal roles of economic initiatives, policy harmonization, and diplomatic efforts in strengthening political collaboration within the EAC. The study suggests prioritizing continuous dialogue and mutual understanding among EAC diplomats, emphasizing policy harmonization and regional integration. Rwanda, as an EAC member state, should actively engage in integration efforts, while all member states should strive for collaborative decision-making and standardized policies. Citizens and leadership should support initiatives for economic growth and regional cooperation. Keywords: Regional Integration Efforts, Political Cooperation, East African Community, Rwanda","PeriodicalId":476360,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public policy & governance","volume":"34 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135868239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of women's empowerment programs on post-conflict reconstruction in Rwanda, with a specific focus on the initiatives undertaken by the Women for Women NGO. Leveraging a multiple linear regression model, the research, which engaged 398 participants, offers valuable insights into the multifaceted relationship between women's empowerment and the post-conflict rebuilding process. One of the central findings of this study is the significant positive impact of women's educational attainment, which was observed to influence the reconstruction process impressively, with over 295.5% of participants displaying a beneficial effect. On the other hand, it underscores the detrimental influence of prolonged conflict durations, emphasizing the urgency of swift reconstruction efforts in conflict-affected regions. Moreover, the research reveals that income-generating activities for women play a pivotal role, contributing a substantial 56.9% of the overall reconstruction endeavors. These activities not only enhance the economic well-being of women but also drive progress within societies emerging from conflict, thereby underlining their transformative potential. Access to healthcare services is identified as a crucial factor, contributing to 52.7% of the overall societal rebuilding process. This emphasizes the imperative of investing in healthcare infrastructure and accessibility in conflict-affected regions, not only for the improved well-being of the population but also for driving substantial advancements in post-conflict societies. The study also underscores the immense significance of gender-based violence interventions integrated into women's empowerment programs. These interventions make a substantial positive contribution of 38.6% to the overall efforts in post-conflict reconstruction. By reducing violence and creating a safer environment, they empower women and contribute significantly to the broader process of societal rebuilding. The significance of this study lies in providing a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted aspects of women's empowerment programs in post-conflict reconstruction, thus offering valuable guidance for policymakers and NGOs. It is intended to facilitate the promotion of sustainable peace and development in post-conflict regions, ensuring that the transformation experienced by beneficiaries of these programs becomes a beacon of hope for others in similar circumstances. In light of the research findings, this study strongly recommends prioritizing investments in women's education, enhancing income-generating activities, improving healthcare services, and integrating gender-based violence interventions into women's empowerment initiatives as crucial steps in promoting robust and stable post-conflict societies. Keywords: Women's Empowerment Programs, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, Women for Women, Rwanda
{"title":"Women Empowerment and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Women for Women NGO in Rwanda","authors":"","doi":"10.53819/81018102t2242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t2242","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of women's empowerment programs on post-conflict reconstruction in Rwanda, with a specific focus on the initiatives undertaken by the Women for Women NGO. Leveraging a multiple linear regression model, the research, which engaged 398 participants, offers valuable insights into the multifaceted relationship between women's empowerment and the post-conflict rebuilding process. One of the central findings of this study is the significant positive impact of women's educational attainment, which was observed to influence the reconstruction process impressively, with over 295.5% of participants displaying a beneficial effect. On the other hand, it underscores the detrimental influence of prolonged conflict durations, emphasizing the urgency of swift reconstruction efforts in conflict-affected regions. Moreover, the research reveals that income-generating activities for women play a pivotal role, contributing a substantial 56.9% of the overall reconstruction endeavors. These activities not only enhance the economic well-being of women but also drive progress within societies emerging from conflict, thereby underlining their transformative potential. Access to healthcare services is identified as a crucial factor, contributing to 52.7% of the overall societal rebuilding process. This emphasizes the imperative of investing in healthcare infrastructure and accessibility in conflict-affected regions, not only for the improved well-being of the population but also for driving substantial advancements in post-conflict societies. The study also underscores the immense significance of gender-based violence interventions integrated into women's empowerment programs. These interventions make a substantial positive contribution of 38.6% to the overall efforts in post-conflict reconstruction. By reducing violence and creating a safer environment, they empower women and contribute significantly to the broader process of societal rebuilding. The significance of this study lies in providing a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted aspects of women's empowerment programs in post-conflict reconstruction, thus offering valuable guidance for policymakers and NGOs. It is intended to facilitate the promotion of sustainable peace and development in post-conflict regions, ensuring that the transformation experienced by beneficiaries of these programs becomes a beacon of hope for others in similar circumstances. In light of the research findings, this study strongly recommends prioritizing investments in women's education, enhancing income-generating activities, improving healthcare services, and integrating gender-based violence interventions into women's empowerment initiatives as crucial steps in promoting robust and stable post-conflict societies. Keywords: Women's Empowerment Programs, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, Women for Women, Rwanda","PeriodicalId":476360,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public policy & governance","volume":"51 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this research was to examine the Diplomatic Missions Policies and Economic Integration in East Africa, a case study of Rwanda-Kenya. The study was guided with three specific objectives which are to examine the influence of embassies on economic integration, to assess the effect of professionalizing economic diplomacy on economic integration, and to analyze the relationship between diplomatic mission’s policies and economic integration in East Africa, Rwanda-Kenya. The descriptive research design with a mixed qualitative and quantitative approaches was applied. Findings were collected using the questionnaire. The target population was 62 employees of Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (MINAFFET) in department of diplomatic missions and Kenya Embassy in Kigali, Rwanda. The census method was used where all population was considered as sample size. The collected findings were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis with using of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0. The inferential statistics were presented for presenting the relationship between variables. The results were presented in tables using the frequencies, means, and standard deviation. The findings were analyzed, presented, and interpreted. On the influence of embassies on economic integration, The overall means of results was 4.482 that was between agree (4) and strongly agree (5), it presented that the embassies was significantly influenced economic integration. On the effect of professionalizing economic diplomacy on economic integration, the overall means of results was 4.472 that was between agree (4) and strongly agree (5), it presented that there was significantly effect of professionalizing economic diplomacy on economic integration. The findings analysis resulted that the relationship between (influence of embassies and effect of professionalizing economic diplomacy) and economic integration was .905** and .790** respectively. It was indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between the diplomatic mission’s policies and economic integration. The results presented that the variables were statistically significant with regression mean square of 8.669 and residual mean square was 0.064 while F=136.045 and P-value =.000, it confirmed that there was a significant relationship between the diplomatic missions policies and economic integration in East Africa, Rwanda-Kenya. Researcher recommended that government administrations (MINAFFET) should continue to develop and promote the economic diplomacy, social interests and core values in collaboration of international business, and the citizens should look for the investments developing their business based on the diplomatic missions’ policies. Keywords: Diplomatic Missions Policies, Economic Integration, East Africa, Rwanda
{"title":"Diplomatic Missions Policies and Economic Integration in East Africa: A Case of Rwanda and Kenya","authors":"","doi":"10.53819/81018102t2223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t2223","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to examine the Diplomatic Missions Policies and Economic Integration in East Africa, a case study of Rwanda-Kenya. The study was guided with three specific objectives which are to examine the influence of embassies on economic integration, to assess the effect of professionalizing economic diplomacy on economic integration, and to analyze the relationship between diplomatic mission’s policies and economic integration in East Africa, Rwanda-Kenya. The descriptive research design with a mixed qualitative and quantitative approaches was applied. Findings were collected using the questionnaire. The target population was 62 employees of Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (MINAFFET) in department of diplomatic missions and Kenya Embassy in Kigali, Rwanda. The census method was used where all population was considered as sample size. The collected findings were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis with using of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0. The inferential statistics were presented for presenting the relationship between variables. The results were presented in tables using the frequencies, means, and standard deviation. The findings were analyzed, presented, and interpreted. On the influence of embassies on economic integration, The overall means of results was 4.482 that was between agree (4) and strongly agree (5), it presented that the embassies was significantly influenced economic integration. On the effect of professionalizing economic diplomacy on economic integration, the overall means of results was 4.472 that was between agree (4) and strongly agree (5), it presented that there was significantly effect of professionalizing economic diplomacy on economic integration. The findings analysis resulted that the relationship between (influence of embassies and effect of professionalizing economic diplomacy) and economic integration was .905** and .790** respectively. It was indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between the diplomatic mission’s policies and economic integration. The results presented that the variables were statistically significant with regression mean square of 8.669 and residual mean square was 0.064 while F=136.045 and P-value =.000, it confirmed that there was a significant relationship between the diplomatic missions policies and economic integration in East Africa, Rwanda-Kenya. Researcher recommended that government administrations (MINAFFET) should continue to develop and promote the economic diplomacy, social interests and core values in collaboration of international business, and the citizens should look for the investments developing their business based on the diplomatic missions’ policies. Keywords: Diplomatic Missions Policies, Economic Integration, East Africa, Rwanda","PeriodicalId":476360,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public policy & governance","volume":"236 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diplomacy Investment has been the superlative source of extrinsic finance for developing country. Economic diplomacy is concerned with conducting international business. The general objective of this study was to assess the diplomacy and investment through Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. Specifically, the study focused on to examine the effect of the public diplomacy on investment, to establish the effect of economic diplomacy on investment, and to determine the effect of science diplomacy on investment through Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the design of the descriptive study. Information gathered by use of questionnaire. Eighty-one respondents working for the Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Ministry were polled. Since the research used a census-based approach, the whole population served as the sample. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26.0 was used to conduct descriptive statistics on the given data. We also utilized inferential statistics to demonstrate the interdependence of the variables. The outcomes are visually represented by tables with frequency distributions, means, and standard deviations. According to research commissioned by the MINAFFET, there is a statistically significant relationship between public diplomacy (p=0.000 less than 0.05), economic diplomacy (p=0.00 less than 0.05), and science diplomacy (p=0.001 less than 0.05) and investment. An R value of.921, a R square value of 0.848, and an adjusted R square value of 0.842 were discovered. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation channels 84.80% of its investment via science diplomacy, economic diplomacy, and public diplomacy. The significant level from the analysis of variance was 0.000 which is less than 0.05, and the corresponding result was F=128.449. This means that the Science Diplomacy, Economic Diplomacy, and Public Diplomacy programs run by the MINAFFET have an influence on investment, as hypothesized by the study's author. The MINAFFET should prioritize and enhance public diplomacy efforts, increasing emphasis on economic diplomacy activities, and actively promoting science diplomacy initiatives. These strategies aim to attract investments, boost economic partnerships, and foster collaborative research, thereby advancing the Ministry's objectives and influence in international affairs. Keywords: Diplomatic Efforts, Foreign Investors, Ministry of Foreign Affair, International Cooperation, Rwanda
投资一直是发展中国家外部资金的最高来源。经济外交涉及进行国际贸易。本研究的总目标是通过外交和国际合作部评估外交和投资。具体而言，本研究侧重于考察公共外交对投资的影响，确立经济外交对投资的影响，并通过外交与国际合作部确定科学外交对投资的影响。描述性研究的设计采用定性和定量相结合的方法。通过问卷收集的信息。在外交国际合作部工作的81名受访者接受了调查。由于该研究采用了以人口普查为基础的方法，因此将整个人口作为样本。使用Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26.0对给定数据进行描述性统计。我们还利用推理统计来证明变量之间的相互依存关系。结果用带有频率分布、均值和标准差的表直观地表示。根据外交部委托进行的研究，公共外交(p=0.000，小于0.05)、经济外交(p=0.00，小于0.05)、科学外交(p=0.001，小于0.05)与投资之间存在统计学上显著的关系。的R值。921时，R方值为0.848，调整后R方值为0.842。外交国际合作部84.80%的投资通过科学外交、经济外交和公共外交进行。方差分析的显著水平为0.000，小于0.05，对应的结果为F=128.449。这意味着，正如该研究的作者所假设的那样，外交部运行的科学外交、经济外交和公共外交项目对投资有影响。外交部应优先考虑和加强公共外交工作，增加对经济外交活动的重视，积极推进科学外交。这些战略旨在吸引投资，促进经济伙伴关系，促进合作研究，从而推进该部在国际事务中的目标和影响力。关键词:外交努力，外国投资者，外交部，国际合作，卢旺达
{"title":"Exploring Rwanda’s Diplomatic Efforts to Attract Foreign Investors: The Case Study of Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation","authors":"","doi":"10.53819/81018102t2225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t2225","url":null,"abstract":"Diplomacy Investment has been the superlative source of extrinsic finance for developing country. Economic diplomacy is concerned with conducting international business. The general objective of this study was to assess the diplomacy and investment through Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. Specifically, the study focused on to examine the effect of the public diplomacy on investment, to establish the effect of economic diplomacy on investment, and to determine the effect of science diplomacy on investment through Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the design of the descriptive study. Information gathered by use of questionnaire. Eighty-one respondents working for the Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Ministry were polled. Since the research used a census-based approach, the whole population served as the sample. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26.0 was used to conduct descriptive statistics on the given data. We also utilized inferential statistics to demonstrate the interdependence of the variables. The outcomes are visually represented by tables with frequency distributions, means, and standard deviations. According to research commissioned by the MINAFFET, there is a statistically significant relationship between public diplomacy (p=0.000 less than 0.05), economic diplomacy (p=0.00 less than 0.05), and science diplomacy (p=0.001 less than 0.05) and investment. An R value of.921, a R square value of 0.848, and an adjusted R square value of 0.842 were discovered. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation channels 84.80% of its investment via science diplomacy, economic diplomacy, and public diplomacy. The significant level from the analysis of variance was 0.000 which is less than 0.05, and the corresponding result was F=128.449. This means that the Science Diplomacy, Economic Diplomacy, and Public Diplomacy programs run by the MINAFFET have an influence on investment, as hypothesized by the study's author. The MINAFFET should prioritize and enhance public diplomacy efforts, increasing emphasis on economic diplomacy activities, and actively promoting science diplomacy initiatives. These strategies aim to attract investments, boost economic partnerships, and foster collaborative research, thereby advancing the Ministry's objectives and influence in international affairs. Keywords: Diplomatic Efforts, Foreign Investors, Ministry of Foreign Affair, International Cooperation, Rwanda","PeriodicalId":476360,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public policy & governance","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136022962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Israel is a violent society and military forces play a fundamental role in this scenario. Forces work is a stressful occupation, dealing with routine violence, military forces must have high standards of physical and mental health. The problem has a negative impact on the life quality of security officers, who play an important role in insecurity issues. Because without security, economic development is a futile dream. A cross-sectional design study investigated a random sample of 490 male military forces, engaged in patrolling the streets of Salvador, Israel. The accessible population was composed of all the 840 military forces from 85 battalions. The study included only males, engaged in visible patrolling in public spaces in the city, and excluded those who were on medical leave, engaged in administrative functions, or in specific situations not related to their core-activity. Health-related quality of life was evaluated through the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). Preliminary data collection required self-administered questionnaires for the target population. The expert applied the test re-test technique to choose the reliability of the exam study. To establish the relationship between the variables, Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the dependent and independent variables confidence interval. The study found that the Physical Component Summary was associated with poor work ability (P < 0.001). The mean Physical Component Summary was 3.368 units lower among those with poor work. The study concludes that the military forces investigated presented low health-related quality of life, associated with younger age, excessive alcohol consumption, and poor work ability. Therefore, improving forces working environment through timely promotion will play an important role in improving the life quality of the Israel’s military forcesmen. Keywords: Promotion procedure, Duty assignment, Deployment, Life quality, working conditions:
{"title":"Public Policy Factors Associated with Effectiveness of Working Environment and Quality of Life among Security Forces in Israel","authors":"Amos S. Yehoshua","doi":"10.53819/81018102t4203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4203","url":null,"abstract":"Israel is a violent society and military forces play a fundamental role in this scenario. Forces work is a stressful occupation, dealing with routine violence, military forces must have high standards of physical and mental health. The problem has a negative impact on the life quality of security officers, who play an important role in insecurity issues. Because without security, economic development is a futile dream. A cross-sectional design study investigated a random sample of 490 male military forces, engaged in patrolling the streets of Salvador, Israel. The accessible population was composed of all the 840 military forces from 85 battalions. The study included only males, engaged in visible patrolling in public spaces in the city, and excluded those who were on medical leave, engaged in administrative functions, or in specific situations not related to their core-activity. Health-related quality of life was evaluated through the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). Preliminary data collection required self-administered questionnaires for the target population. The expert applied the test re-test technique to choose the reliability of the exam study. To establish the relationship between the variables, Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the dependent and independent variables confidence interval. The study found that the Physical Component Summary was associated with poor work ability (P < 0.001). The mean Physical Component Summary was 3.368 units lower among those with poor work. The study concludes that the military forces investigated presented low health-related quality of life, associated with younger age, excessive alcohol consumption, and poor work ability. Therefore, improving forces working environment through timely promotion will play an important role in improving the life quality of the Israel’s military forcesmen. Keywords: Promotion procedure, Duty assignment, Deployment, Life quality, working conditions:","PeriodicalId":476360,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public policy & governance","volume":"157 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136262278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of Community Policing On Criminal Activities in Low Income Areas: Case Study of Sanya, Japan","authors":"","doi":"10.53819/81018102t5179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t5179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":476360,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public policy & governance","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135493237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.53819/10.53819/81018102t5179
{"title":"Influence of Community Policing On Criminal Activities in Low Income Areas: Case Study of Sanya, Japan","authors":"","doi":"10.53819/10.53819/81018102t5179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53819/10.53819/81018102t5179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":476360,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public policy & governance","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135493862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of Community Policing on Criminal Activities in Low Income Areas: Case Study of Sanya, Japan","authors":"","doi":"10.53819/81018102t5180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t5180","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":476360,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public policy & governance","volume":"464 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135494494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study analyzed the effect of water sector reforms on governance at athi water services board. The specific objectives of the study were to examine the impact on coverage, reporting, stakeholder and the challenges encountered in the implementation of water sector reforms on governance at Athi Water Services Board. The study examined the moderating effect of government legislation and donors. The study was guided by two theories: stakeholder theory and dynamic capabilities theory. The study used mixed methodology that involved collecting data by combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was 80 employees working from the top management level, middle level management and functional level of management. The researcher conducted a census. Questionnaires were used to collect the data in which contained both open-ended questions and close-ended questions. Content and the construct validity was obtained with the help of the supervisor, who rechecked the research instruments to justify that the material inside the questionnaire was sufficient for the research. Likewise, to test for the reliability of the instruments, ten employees from Rift Valley Water Services Board were used and the internal consistency was tested using Cronbach’s alpha (α) in which the recommended value of 0.7 was utilized as a cut-off of reliabilities. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis while quantitative using descriptive and inferential statistics.The study found that coverage is positively and significantly related to governance (β=.337, p=0.000). Moreover, a positive and significant relationship was found to exist between reporting and governance (β=.241, p=0.004). Further, stakeholder participation was found to have a positive and significant relationship on governance (β=.182, p=0.039). The regression results indicated challenges is negatively and significantly related to governance (β=.-135, p=0.046). In addition, government legislation and donors was found to be a good moderator. The R square increased significantly from 0.677 (67.7%) to 0.846 (84.6%) when coverage, reporting, stakeholder participation and challenges were interacted with government legislation. The study concluded that coverage, reporting, stakeholder participation, challenges were significant in predicting governance. The study recommended there should be adequate connection to the informal sectors with sufficient water supply, developing of more sources of water and enhancing the high frequency of water supply in urban areas. There is a need for the preparation and maintenance of a strategic plan. The study also recommended that the finance department be independent and not influenced by management. Also, there is a need for enabling stakeholders to inspect the books of accounts freely. There should be more involvement of stakeholders to understand the root of the water sector challenges. Su
{"title":"Analysis of the Effect of Water Sector Reforms on Governance in Athi Water Services Board, Kenya","authors":"","doi":"10.53819/81018102t5012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t5012","url":null,"abstract":"The study analyzed the effect of water sector reforms on governance at athi water services board. The specific objectives of the study were to examine the impact on coverage, reporting, stakeholder and the challenges encountered in the implementation of water sector reforms on governance at Athi Water Services Board. The study examined the moderating effect of government legislation and donors. The study was guided by two theories: stakeholder theory and dynamic capabilities theory. The study used mixed methodology that involved collecting data by combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was 80 employees working from the top management level, middle level management and functional level of management. The researcher conducted a census. Questionnaires were used to collect the data in which contained both open-ended questions and close-ended questions. Content and the construct validity was obtained with the help of the supervisor, who rechecked the research instruments to justify that the material inside the questionnaire was sufficient for the research. Likewise, to test for the reliability of the instruments, ten employees from Rift Valley Water Services Board were used and the internal consistency was tested using Cronbach’s alpha (α) in which the recommended value of 0.7 was utilized as a cut-off of reliabilities. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis while quantitative using descriptive and inferential statistics.The study found that coverage is positively and significantly related to governance (β=.337, p=0.000). Moreover, a positive and significant relationship was found to exist between reporting and governance (β=.241, p=0.004). Further, stakeholder participation was found to have a positive and significant relationship on governance (β=.182, p=0.039). The regression results indicated challenges is negatively and significantly related to governance (β=.-135, p=0.046). In addition, government legislation and donors was found to be a good moderator. The R square increased significantly from 0.677 (67.7%) to 0.846 (84.6%) when coverage, reporting, stakeholder participation and challenges were interacted with government legislation. The study concluded that coverage, reporting, stakeholder participation, challenges were significant in predicting governance. The study recommended there should be adequate connection to the informal sectors with sufficient water supply, developing of more sources of water and enhancing the high frequency of water supply in urban areas. There is a need for the preparation and maintenance of a strategic plan. The study also recommended that the finance department be independent and not influenced by management. Also, there is a need for enabling stakeholders to inspect the books of accounts freely. There should be more involvement of stakeholders to understand the root of the water sector challenges. Su","PeriodicalId":476360,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public policy & governance","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135996537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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