Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.55126/ijzab.2023.v08.i05.004
Rahul Nayan, Ashok Kumar Thakur
Studies concerning exposure of humans to lead (Pb) during daily activities are sometimes leading to many complications. Pb is a poisonous heavy metal; its toxicity can change the antioxidant balance in biological systems. T. cordifolia is rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids which exhibit a wide range of biological effects and act as a natural antioxidant. The objective of the research work- first is to investigate the genotoxic potential of Pb-acetate on Bone marrow cells (BMCs), Second is to investigate the antigenotoxic potential of T. cordifolia against genotoxic induced by Pb-acetate in BMCs of Mus musculus (Swiss albino mice). For the research experiment, Adult Mus musculus of the same age group were selected andwere distributed into four groups (Group I, II, III &IV). After the completion of dose treatment, the experimental animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation and exposed both femora for the analysis of Micronucleus (Mn) in Polychromatic and Normochromatic erythrocytes. For the assessment of frequency of Mn in polychromatic or normochromatic erythrocytes 800 - 1000 cells were screened randomly under the compound microscope at 40X. and screening was done by image J microscopy software. Results of the experiment showed that the total frequency of Mn in polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes was 0.27 ± 0.07 in Group I, 0.18 ± 0.06 in Group II, 4.32 ± 0.32in Group III, and 0.94 ± 0.15 in Group IV and it is a significant difference to control and treated group at p < 0.05 or < 0.01. Hence, the results of the research experiment indicate that T. cordifolia stem aqueous extract has the potency to ameliorate and minimize the genotoxic induced by Pb-acetate in M. musculus (Swiss albino mice).
{"title":"Ameliorative effects of Tinospora cordifolia against cytogenotoxicity induced by lead acetate in Mus musculus","authors":"Rahul Nayan, Ashok Kumar Thakur","doi":"10.55126/ijzab.2023.v08.i05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55126/ijzab.2023.v08.i05.004","url":null,"abstract":"Studies concerning exposure of humans to lead (Pb) during daily activities are sometimes leading to many complications. Pb is a poisonous heavy metal; its toxicity can change the antioxidant balance in biological systems. T. cordifolia is rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids which exhibit a wide range of biological effects and act as a natural antioxidant. The objective of the research work- first is to investigate the genotoxic potential of Pb-acetate on Bone marrow cells (BMCs), Second is to investigate the antigenotoxic potential of T. cordifolia against genotoxic induced by Pb-acetate in BMCs of Mus musculus (Swiss albino mice). For the research experiment, Adult Mus musculus of the same age group were selected andwere distributed into four groups (Group I, II, III &IV). After the completion of dose treatment, the experimental animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation and exposed both femora for the analysis of Micronucleus (Mn) in Polychromatic and Normochromatic erythrocytes. For the assessment of frequency of Mn in polychromatic or normochromatic erythrocytes 800 - 1000 cells were screened randomly under the compound microscope at 40X. and screening was done by image J microscopy software. Results of the experiment showed that the total frequency of Mn in polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes was 0.27 ± 0.07 in Group I, 0.18 ± 0.06 in Group II, 4.32 ± 0.32in Group III, and 0.94 ± 0.15 in Group IV and it is a significant difference to control and treated group at p < 0.05 or < 0.01. Hence, the results of the research experiment indicate that T. cordifolia stem aqueous extract has the potency to ameliorate and minimize the genotoxic induced by Pb-acetate in M. musculus (Swiss albino mice).","PeriodicalId":476391,"journal":{"name":"International journal of zoology and applied biosciences","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135084144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.55126/ijzab.2023.v08.i05.002
Ranjini M S, Kusuma L, Chandrashekar K B, Moorthy S M, Gandhi Doss S
Silkworm breeding is majorly focused on balancing the progress of productive trait to generate profitability.However, with recurrent commercialization and utilization of such productive trait through heterosis may decline with drastic climatic variations. In order to achieve and generate profitability in sericulture, paradigm shift is essential through transition from balanced breeding to sustainable breeding via selection of breeding lines with better adult moth longevity which confers the benefits by coping with stressful environment. In the present investigation, CSR bivoltine silkworm breeds were screened to understand the adult moth longevity among them which have attained two decades of evolution. Differential longevity was recorded among the selected breeds. The maximum and minimum longevity was observed in CSR 51 and CSR17 respectively than other breeds. The short-listed breeds were exposed to starvation stress, wherein, interestingly, the CSR51 was highly tolerant compared to other breeds and CSR17 being short-lived was susceptible to starvation stress. The data obtained suggest that the relatively longer lifespan may be rendering more tolerance towards the starvation stress mediated lethality, as evident by the induced starvation stress assay. This would help us to focus on the generation of long-lived breeding lines with better longevity which could intrinsically determine for better abiotic and biotic stress tolerance.
{"title":"Differential adult lifespan and starvation stress responses in laboratory evolved bivoltine silkworm breeds of Bombyx mori l.","authors":"Ranjini M S, Kusuma L, Chandrashekar K B, Moorthy S M, Gandhi Doss S","doi":"10.55126/ijzab.2023.v08.i05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55126/ijzab.2023.v08.i05.002","url":null,"abstract":"Silkworm breeding is majorly focused on balancing the progress of productive trait to generate profitability.However, with recurrent commercialization and utilization of such productive trait through heterosis may decline with drastic climatic variations. In order to achieve and generate profitability in sericulture, paradigm shift is essential through transition from balanced breeding to sustainable breeding via selection of breeding lines with better adult moth longevity which confers the benefits by coping with stressful environment. In the present investigation, CSR bivoltine silkworm breeds were screened to understand the adult moth longevity among them which have attained two decades of evolution. Differential longevity was recorded among the selected breeds. The maximum and minimum longevity was observed in CSR 51 and CSR17 respectively than other breeds. The short-listed breeds were exposed to starvation stress, wherein, interestingly, the CSR51 was highly tolerant compared to other breeds and CSR17 being short-lived was susceptible to starvation stress. The data obtained suggest that the relatively longer lifespan may be rendering more tolerance towards the starvation stress mediated lethality, as evident by the induced starvation stress assay. This would help us to focus on the generation of long-lived breeding lines with better longevity which could intrinsically determine for better abiotic and biotic stress tolerance.","PeriodicalId":476391,"journal":{"name":"International journal of zoology and applied biosciences","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135084153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.55126/ijzab.2023.v08.i05.003
Gaikwad P. M, Madhusudan M, Amrutsagar V
Parasitic diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in man, domesticated animals and wild life. Cestodes are multicellular, bilaterally symmetrical and parasites of great importance to human health. Intestinal infections of cestodes are very common in country and areas with poor socio-economic status are endemic unhygienic living and food habits promote the spread of infection causing high morbidity and complications. Mixed intestinal infection due to cestodes and nematodes is quite common and therefore, there is a need to study the cestode parasites whose prevalence is high. Cestodes infect almost all vertebrates. The freshwater fish species found in Nagapur Reservoir, Parli-Vaijnath, Dist. Beed (M.S.) were observed for the infection of cestode parasites. It was found that the freshwater fishes like Mystus seenghala and Mastacembelus armatus were infected by the cestode parasites. After detail study they were identified as Gangesia senghali (Hiware, 1999), Circumoncobothrium yamaguti (Jadhav et al., 1990). The cestode parasites were found in the small intestine of the host fishes.
寄生虫病是人类、家畜和野生动物发病和死亡的主要原因。绦虫是一种多细胞、双侧对称的寄生虫，对人类健康具有重要意义。在社会经济状况较差的国家和地区，不卫生的生活和饮食习惯促进了感染的传播，造成了高发病率和并发症。蛔虫和线虫引起的混合肠道感染非常普遍，因此有必要对患病率较高的蛔虫寄生虫进行研究。绦虫几乎感染所有脊椎动物。对比德区帕利普-瓦伊杰纳特纳加普尔水库的淡水鱼进行了寄生虫感染观察。结果表明，淡水鱼中有丝瓜鱼和阿玛图鱼感染了丝瓜寄生虫。经过详细研究，鉴定为Gangesia senghali (Hiware, 1999)和Circumoncobothrium yamaguti (Jadhav et al.， 1990)。寄生在寄主鱼类的小肠中。
{"title":"Studies on some aspects of the fish Endoparasites (Cestodes)","authors":"Gaikwad P. M, Madhusudan M, Amrutsagar V","doi":"10.55126/ijzab.2023.v08.i05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55126/ijzab.2023.v08.i05.003","url":null,"abstract":"Parasitic diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in man, domesticated animals and wild life. Cestodes are multicellular, bilaterally symmetrical and parasites of great importance to human health. Intestinal infections of cestodes are very common in country and areas with poor socio-economic status are endemic unhygienic living and food habits promote the spread of infection causing high morbidity and complications. Mixed intestinal infection due to cestodes and nematodes is quite common and therefore, there is a need to study the cestode parasites whose prevalence is high. Cestodes infect almost all vertebrates. The freshwater fish species found in Nagapur Reservoir, Parli-Vaijnath, Dist. Beed (M.S.) were observed for the infection of cestode parasites. It was found that the freshwater fishes like Mystus seenghala and Mastacembelus armatus were infected by the cestode parasites. After detail study they were identified as Gangesia senghali (Hiware, 1999), Circumoncobothrium yamaguti (Jadhav et al., 1990). The cestode parasites were found in the small intestine of the host fishes.","PeriodicalId":476391,"journal":{"name":"International journal of zoology and applied biosciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135084156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.55126/ijzab.2023.v08.i05.005
TIANHOUN Denté Fidèle, MEDA Nãg-Tiéro Roland, ZABRE Geneviève, KABORE Adama, TAMBOURA H. Hamidou, BELEM Adrien Marie Gaston
Populations in rural areas of Burkina Faso depend on woody plant resources to meet their daily needs. With regular anthropogenic pressure on these resources, it is necessary to assess the uses and vulnerability of the species C. micranthum and S. latifolius commonly exploited by the Bwaba populations in order to propose sustainable management solutions. To do this, semi-structured surveys were carried out with the community of Bwaba producers in the Boucle du Mouhoun region and associated with a dendrometric inventory. The results obtained show that the two plants are well used by the populations in traditional human and veterinary pharmacopoeia but also in livestock feed as fodder and in wood for energy and crafts. Apart from the use of the stem of C. micranthum used in energy wood, the leaves of the two plants constitute the most used organ. The dendrometric measurements have shown that the two plants are overexploited by the populations and must benefit from a particular attention of preservation actions. Sensitization of the populations of reasoned uses of these plant resources therefore remains necessary with a recommendation to use the leaves instead of the barks and roots when these parts can bring the same result, particularly in traditional pharmacopoeia.
布基纳法索农村地区的人口依靠木本植物资源来满足他们的日常需求。由于这些资源不断受到人类活动的压力，有必要对布瓦巴族群常开发利用的C. microthum和S. latifolius的利用和脆弱性进行评估，以提出可持续的管理解决方案。为此，在Boucle du Mouhoun地区的Bwaba生产者社区进行了半结构化调查，并进行了树木统计调查。结果表明，这两种植物不仅在传统的人兽药典中被广泛使用，而且还可以作为牲畜饲料、能源和工艺品的木材。除了在能源木材中使用的小红花茎外，这两种植物的叶子构成了使用最多的器官。树木测量表明，这两种植物被种群过度开发，必须特别注意保护行动。因此，对合理使用这些植物资源的人群进行敏感化仍然是必要的，特别是在传统药典中，当这些部分可以带来相同的结果时，建议使用叶子而不是树皮和根。
{"title":"Use practices and vulnerability of Combretum micranthum G. Don and Sarcocephalus latifolius (SM.) Bruce exploited by the bwa community in the livestock of small ruminants in Burkina Faso","authors":"TIANHOUN Denté Fidèle, MEDA Nãg-Tiéro Roland, ZABRE Geneviève, KABORE Adama, TAMBOURA H. Hamidou, BELEM Adrien Marie Gaston","doi":"10.55126/ijzab.2023.v08.i05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55126/ijzab.2023.v08.i05.005","url":null,"abstract":"Populations in rural areas of Burkina Faso depend on woody plant resources to meet their daily needs. With regular anthropogenic pressure on these resources, it is necessary to assess the uses and vulnerability of the species C. micranthum and S. latifolius commonly exploited by the Bwaba populations in order to propose sustainable management solutions. To do this, semi-structured surveys were carried out with the community of Bwaba producers in the Boucle du Mouhoun region and associated with a dendrometric inventory. The results obtained show that the two plants are well used by the populations in traditional human and veterinary pharmacopoeia but also in livestock feed as fodder and in wood for energy and crafts. Apart from the use of the stem of C. micranthum used in energy wood, the leaves of the two plants constitute the most used organ. The dendrometric measurements have shown that the two plants are overexploited by the populations and must benefit from a particular attention of preservation actions. Sensitization of the populations of reasoned uses of these plant resources therefore remains necessary with a recommendation to use the leaves instead of the barks and roots when these parts can bring the same result, particularly in traditional pharmacopoeia.","PeriodicalId":476391,"journal":{"name":"International journal of zoology and applied biosciences","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135083076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is worth controlling arthropods, cotton plant devastators for a production in quantity and quality. Phytophagous bugs, secondary devastators before 1980 in Togo constitute nowadays an important entomological factor with regard to their density and damage they cause. Their inventory was conducted through young plant felling and threshing in 4 agro-ecological regions. This process shows that these insects connected to floral and fruit-bearing phase are abundant and diversified. 55 species belonging to 7 families have been counted. The family of Pentatomidae is the most represented in species. In contrary, the family of Miridae is the most abundant followed respectively by Pyrrhocoridae and Pentatomidae. The four (4) agro-ecological regions are similar in terms of bugs’ diversity. These results can be useful in the improvement of fighting strategies.
{"title":"Cotton plant devastators (Heteroptera) associated with the reproduction phase of cotton: species richness and abundance in the Agro-ecological regions of Togo (West Africa)","authors":"Panawé TOZOOU, Komlan Pikassalé AKANTETOU, Mondjonnesso GOMINA, Boris Dodji KASSENEY, Bassarou AYEVA, Koffi KOBA, Wiyao POUTOULI","doi":"10.55126/ijzab.2023.v08.i05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55126/ijzab.2023.v08.i05.001","url":null,"abstract":"It is worth controlling arthropods, cotton plant devastators for a production in quantity and quality. Phytophagous bugs, secondary devastators before 1980 in Togo constitute nowadays an important entomological factor with regard to their density and damage they cause. Their inventory was conducted through young plant felling and threshing in 4 agro-ecological regions. This process shows that these insects connected to floral and fruit-bearing phase are abundant and diversified. 55 species belonging to 7 families have been counted. The family of Pentatomidae is the most represented in species. In contrary, the family of Miridae is the most abundant followed respectively by Pyrrhocoridae and Pentatomidae. The four (4) agro-ecological regions are similar in terms of bugs’ diversity. These results can be useful in the improvement of fighting strategies.","PeriodicalId":476391,"journal":{"name":"International journal of zoology and applied biosciences","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135084152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.55126/ijzab.2023.v08.i05.006
Gomina Mondjonnesso, Tchabi Atti, Nadio Nafadjara Abouwaliou, Tounou Agbéko Kodjo, Glitho Adolé Isabelle, Sanda Komla
Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are major pests associated with fruit and vegetable production in West Africa in general and in Togo in particular. The use of parasitoid wasps to significantly reduce their populations in agroecosystems is a significant component of the integrated management of these pests (IPM-package). To do this, it is important to know their diversity, distribution and potential in controlling fruit flies. In this perspective, the incubation of 28 species of fruits and vegetables sampled in 2009 in ecological zones III, IV and V in Togo allowed to identify five species of native braconid parasitoids: Fopius caudatus Szepligeti, Diachasmimorpha fullawayi Silvestri, Bracon sp., Fopius sp. and Psyttalia sp. F. caudatus was the most abundant making 98.6% of parasitoids recovered. These parasitoids were associated with 4 species of fruit flies, the most abundant being the native species, Ceratitis cosyra (Walker). The parasitism rate in the three ecological zones depended on the locality, the incubated fruit and the fruit fly species. It was relatively low and ranged from 0 to 42.31%, with the highest average rate recorded in the wild fruit, Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E.A.Bruce, associated exclusively with C. cosyra. Pupae recorded from S. latifolius frequently yielded F. caudatus which was the most abundant. Assessment of the demographic parameters of F. caudatus, a potential candidate for augmentative biological control of C. cosyra in Togo, should be considered under controlled and natural conditions.
{"title":"Native Hymenopteran parasitoids associated with fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in fruits and vegetables in three ecological zones of Togo","authors":"Gomina Mondjonnesso, Tchabi Atti, Nadio Nafadjara Abouwaliou, Tounou Agbéko Kodjo, Glitho Adolé Isabelle, Sanda Komla","doi":"10.55126/ijzab.2023.v08.i05.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55126/ijzab.2023.v08.i05.006","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are major pests associated with fruit and vegetable production in West Africa in general and in Togo in particular. The use of parasitoid wasps to significantly reduce their populations in agroecosystems is a significant component of the integrated management of these pests (IPM-package). To do this, it is important to know their diversity, distribution and potential in controlling fruit flies. In this perspective, the incubation of 28 species of fruits and vegetables sampled in 2009 in ecological zones III, IV and V in Togo allowed to identify five species of native braconid parasitoids: Fopius caudatus Szepligeti, Diachasmimorpha fullawayi Silvestri, Bracon sp., Fopius sp. and Psyttalia sp. F. caudatus was the most abundant making 98.6% of parasitoids recovered. These parasitoids were associated with 4 species of fruit flies, the most abundant being the native species, Ceratitis cosyra (Walker). The parasitism rate in the three ecological zones depended on the locality, the incubated fruit and the fruit fly species. It was relatively low and ranged from 0 to 42.31%, with the highest average rate recorded in the wild fruit, Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E.A.Bruce, associated exclusively with C. cosyra. Pupae recorded from S. latifolius frequently yielded F. caudatus which was the most abundant. Assessment of the demographic parameters of F. caudatus, a potential candidate for augmentative biological control of C. cosyra in Togo, should be considered under controlled and natural conditions.","PeriodicalId":476391,"journal":{"name":"International journal of zoology and applied biosciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135084154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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