Despite its various shortcomings, Sufism is still needed for religious life today in an increasingly secular world. Considering the various attacks launched against Sufism by Islamic puritan and modernist movements, Said Nursi's thoughts can be considered as a middle way to clear up the clouded pre-judgments of Sufism. This study aims to look at the main ideas of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi related to Sufism and the problematic background behind it, as well as to review the challenges faced by Sufism itself. To describe Said Nursi's thoughts on Sufism in this paper, the author will describe objectively Said Nursi's writings that speak explicitly about Sufism, then the author also includes interpretive and analytical elements to reach a broader meaning from those texts. The results of the study found that, for Said Nursi, Sufism is very important for the manifestation of the truth of Islam itself, although it cannot be denied that there are also practices in certain Sufism traditions that are not in accordance with the Sunnah. Therefore, by still referring to the legacy of the Sufism tradition, he offered a new Sufistic path (tariqah) which he named haqiqah, which he considered safer and less risky. Yet, the problem is modernism itself has eroded the esoteric dimension of Sufism itself, while puritanism has textually rejected it. Thus, Said Nursi's thought of Sufism which places a strong emphasis on Shari'a should be brought up. Keywords: Said Nursi, Sufism, Haqiqah, tariqah, shari’a, sufism problematics
尽管有各种各样的缺点，在当今日益世俗化的世界里，苏菲主义仍然是宗教生活所需要的。考虑到伊斯兰清教和现代主义运动对苏菲主义的各种攻击，赛义德·努尔西的思想可以被认为是澄清苏菲主义预先判断的中间道路。本研究旨在探讨Bediuzzaman Said Nursi与苏非主义相关的主要思想及其背后的问题背景，并回顾苏非主义本身面临的挑战。为了在本文中描述赛义德·努尔西对苏非主义的看法，作者将客观地描述赛义德·努尔西明确谈论苏非主义的作品，然后作者还包括解释和分析元素，以从这些文本中获得更广泛的含义。研究结果发现，对于赛义德·努尔西来说，苏非主义对于伊斯兰教本身的真理的表现是非常重要的，尽管不可否认的是，在某些苏非主义传统中也有与圣训不一致的做法。因此，通过引用苏非传统的遗产，他提出了一条新的苏非之路(tariqah)，他将其命名为haqiqah，他认为这条路更安全，风险更小。然而，问题是现代主义本身已经侵蚀了苏菲主义本身的深奥维度，而清教主义在文本上拒绝了它。因此，赛义德·努尔西对强调伊斯兰教法的苏菲主义的思想应该被提出来。关键词:赛义德·努尔西，苏菲主义，哈奇卡，tariqah，伊斯兰教法，苏菲主义问题论
{"title":"Pemikiran Tasawuf Beudizzaman Said Nursi: Problematika dan Gagasannya","authors":"Limpad Tuhu Pamungkas","doi":"10.14421/ref.v23i1.3921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ref.v23i1.3921","url":null,"abstract":"Despite its various shortcomings, Sufism is still needed for religious life today in an increasingly secular world. Considering the various attacks launched against Sufism by Islamic puritan and modernist movements, Said Nursi's thoughts can be considered as a middle way to clear up the clouded pre-judgments of Sufism. This study aims to look at the main ideas of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi related to Sufism and the problematic background behind it, as well as to review the challenges faced by Sufism itself. To describe Said Nursi's thoughts on Sufism in this paper, the author will describe objectively Said Nursi's writings that speak explicitly about Sufism, then the author also includes interpretive and analytical elements to reach a broader meaning from those texts. The results of the study found that, for Said Nursi, Sufism is very important for the manifestation of the truth of Islam itself, although it cannot be denied that there are also practices in certain Sufism traditions that are not in accordance with the Sunnah. Therefore, by still referring to the legacy of the Sufism tradition, he offered a new Sufistic path (tariqah) which he named haqiqah, which he considered safer and less risky. Yet, the problem is modernism itself has eroded the esoteric dimension of Sufism itself, while puritanism has textually rejected it. Thus, Said Nursi's thought of Sufism which places a strong emphasis on Shari'a should be brought up. Keywords: Said Nursi, Sufism, Haqiqah, tariqah, shari’a, sufism problematics","PeriodicalId":477148,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Keislaman Refleksi","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135200143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pesantren that has respective objective to produce pious person, in some aspect perpetuates differenrdiscriminativees for female studetns. This study shows mainstream gender constructionin Islamic boarding school regulations forms of gender discrimination and their implications. The object of study includes three pesantren in the Singosari, East Java, Indonesia. The regulations of the pesantren follows scholars’ ideology as written in the classical book (kitab kuning), which portrays men as family leader and the ideal position of women as male companions. The teaching of kitab kuning in the pesantren regulations has led female students to experience discrimination in carrying out their daily lives in the pesantren environment . Female students are not allowed to go outside the building at night, they are only allowed to go out during the day and even then it is limited to certain schools and streets. From the results of interviews, this study found that these rules had a great influence on their lives.
Keywords: Normalization, gender, regulation, pesantren
{"title":"Normalization of Gender Bias Regulations in Pondok Pesantren","authors":"Isnaini Nuruddin Akbar","doi":"10.14421/ref.v23i1.4768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ref.v23i1.4768","url":null,"abstract":"Pesantren that has respective objective to produce pious person, in some aspect perpetuates differenrdiscriminativees for female studetns. This study shows mainstream gender constructionin Islamic boarding school regulations forms of gender discrimination and their implications. The object of study includes three pesantren in the Singosari, East Java, Indonesia. The regulations of the pesantren follows scholars’ ideology as written in the classical book (kitab kuning), which portrays men as family leader and the ideal position of women as male companions. The teaching of kitab kuning in the pesantren regulations has led female students to experience discrimination in carrying out their daily lives in the pesantren environment . Female students are not allowed to go outside the building at night, they are only allowed to go out during the day and even then it is limited to certain schools and streets. From the results of interviews, this study found that these rules had a great influence on their lives.
 Keywords: Normalization, gender, regulation, pesantren","PeriodicalId":477148,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Keislaman Refleksi","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article raises the issue of human fear of death. Fear of death will be a problem if it is excessive and does not encourage someone to prepare for death. Therefore, there is a need for study of death from sufism perspective to look again at the essence of death so that the unnatural fear of death can at least be reduced. This study uses a qualitative method with an irfani analysis technique that is adjusted to meet the need of sufism approach in this study. The result of this paper is that death is the separation of humans from what has been entrusted to humans in the world because of a moving from the world to a completely different realm. As for the destruction of body through death, it is not followed by the death of spirit. It causes spirit is created from God’s spirit, the human spirit by nature always yearns and always wants to return to where it came from. In order for the nature of spirit's longing for God to be maintained, a servant is required to always control or at least reduce worldly desires that can prevent a servant from having an inclination towards God. Keywords: Death, Body, Human Longing, Human Spirit
{"title":"Perspektif Tasawuf terhadap Kematian","authors":"Nurul Hikmah Sofyan, None Anindya Aryu Inayati","doi":"10.14421/ref.v23i1.4493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ref.v23i1.4493","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article raises the issue of human fear of death. Fear of death will be a problem if it is excessive and does not encourage someone to prepare for death. Therefore, there is a need for study of death from sufism perspective to look again at the essence of death so that the unnatural fear of death can at least be reduced. This study uses a qualitative method with an irfani analysis technique that is adjusted to meet the need of sufism approach in this study. The result of this paper is that death is the separation of humans from what has been entrusted to humans in the world because of a moving from the world to a completely different realm. As for the destruction of body through death, it is not followed by the death of spirit. It causes spirit is created from God’s spirit, the human spirit by nature always yearns and always wants to return to where it came from. In order for the nature of spirit's longing for God to be maintained, a servant is required to always control or at least reduce worldly desires that can prevent a servant from having an inclination towards God. Keywords: Death, Body, Human Longing, Human Spirit","PeriodicalId":477148,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Keislaman Refleksi","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134913361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following the trend seems to be a benchmark for teenagers in determining the extent of their level of association. To be recognized as slang teenagers, they are not infrequently willing to leave their identity. Excessive anxiety arises when he feels left behind with precious moments that are worldly. This condition is then associated with self-esteem and self-confidence, especially those involving peers. The focus of the study in this research is FoMO behavior(Fear of Missing Out) in adolescents reviewed fromHerbert Marcuse's perspective to find out the fundamental causes behind the anxiety experienced by adolescents due to social media. This research is (Library Research) using several sources such as books, journals and the internet. The methods used include descriptive, analytical, and interpretive methods to connect neo marxism theory with contemporary problems. From the results of the study, it was found that concerns about other people's judgments and good relations with their peers made teenagers lose their original self-identity. The emergence of anxiety that leads to an attitude of insecurity begins to appear when a teenager does not know himself as a whole. Generally, feelings of anxiety in adolescents are related to uploads on social media. Through his analysis, Herbert Marcuse, a neo marxism figure, sees the characteristics of a one-dimensional society that can be related to the FoMO phenomenon among teenagers, namely about false needs and images. Adolescents with FoMO tendencies have difficulty in interpreting themselves in substance. They mostly get stuck at the level of form and follow other people. The orientation of free human beings has deviated far from the order of life. So there needs to be a revolution of thought so that teenagers can better understand how to behave, not just follow trends . Keywords : FoMO, youth, social media, Herbert Marcuse, Marxism
追随潮流似乎是青少年决定自己交往程度的基准。为了被认为是俚语青少年，他们往往愿意放弃自己的身份。当他感到与世俗的宝贵时刻擦肩而过时，过度的焦虑就会产生。这种情况与自尊和自信有关，尤其是与同伴有关的情况。本研究的研究重点是从赫伯特·马尔库塞的视角来审视青少年的FoMO行为(Fear of Missing Out)，找出青少年因社交媒体而产生焦虑的根本原因。这项研究是(图书馆研究)使用一些资源，如书籍，期刊和互联网。使用的方法包括描述、分析和解释的方法，将新马克思主义理论与当代问题联系起来。从研究结果来看，担心别人的评价和与同龄人的良好关系使青少年失去了最初的自我认同。当一个青少年不了解自己作为一个整体时，焦虑的出现就会导致不安全感的态度。一般来说，青少年的焦虑感与社交媒体上的上传有关。新马克思主义人物赫伯特·马尔库塞通过他的分析，看到了与青少年FoMO现象有关的一维社会的特征，即关于虚假的需求和形象。有FoMO倾向的青少年很难从本质上解释自己。他们大多停留在形式的层面上，并跟随其他人。自由人类的取向已经远远偏离了生活秩序。所以需要一场思想革命，这样青少年才能更好地理解如何行为，而不仅仅是追随潮流。关键词:FoMO，青年，社交媒体，马尔库塞，马克思主义
{"title":"FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) Among Youth Viewed From Herbert Marcuse’s Perspective","authors":"None Siti Amallia","doi":"10.14421/ref.v22i2.4069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ref.v22i2.4069","url":null,"abstract":"Following the trend seems to be a benchmark for teenagers in determining the extent of their level of association. To be recognized as slang teenagers, they are not infrequently willing to leave their identity. Excessive anxiety arises when he feels left behind with precious moments that are worldly. This condition is then associated with self-esteem and self-confidence, especially those involving peers. The focus of the study in this research is FoMO behavior(Fear of Missing Out) in adolescents reviewed fromHerbert Marcuse's perspective to find out the fundamental causes behind the anxiety experienced by adolescents due to social media. This research is (Library Research) using several sources such as books, journals and the internet. The methods used include descriptive, analytical, and interpretive methods to connect neo marxism theory with contemporary problems. From the results of the study, it was found that concerns about other people's judgments and good relations with their peers made teenagers lose their original self-identity. The emergence of anxiety that leads to an attitude of insecurity begins to appear when a teenager does not know himself as a whole. Generally, feelings of anxiety in adolescents are related to uploads on social media. Through his analysis, Herbert Marcuse, a neo marxism figure, sees the characteristics of a one-dimensional society that can be related to the FoMO phenomenon among teenagers, namely about false needs and images. Adolescents with FoMO tendencies have difficulty in interpreting themselves in substance. They mostly get stuck at the level of form and follow other people. The orientation of free human beings has deviated far from the order of life. So there needs to be a revolution of thought so that teenagers can better understand how to behave, not just follow trends . Keywords : FoMO, youth, social media, Herbert Marcuse, Marxism","PeriodicalId":477148,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Keislaman Refleksi","volume":"268 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135996562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, the renowned scholar of Islamization of Knowledge, has recognized the defect of the western worldview concerning man, which eventually brought havoc to humanity. Al-Attas' concept of the nature of man is encountered as a critique of the Western conception of man that causes epistemological-conceptual problems severely in the Islamic world. This article aims to conceptualize al-Attas' concept of human nature. This qualitative research employs the content analysis method of al-Attas works. It uses a descriptive-philosophical approach. The result shows that al-Attas conceptualized the concept of human nature based on the concept of insan, which is defined as a living being that speaks. The concept becomes the antithesis of the western worldview's concept of man. Man is a new creation associated with the duality of the soul in the human self. The reality of man is his articulate soul (nafs al-nathiqah), the soul that took Covenant (mitsaq) with God. This soul can overcome the animal's desire in his body through the purification of the soul to achieve a state of soul of tranquility (nafs al-muthmainnah). This state of the soul is marked by the tranquility of the soul and settled happiness (sa'adah). Keywords: Syed Naquib Al-Attas, Islamization of science, humanity, western,eastern
著名知识伊斯兰化学者赛义德·穆罕默德·纳奎布·阿塔斯(Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas)已经认识到西方世界观的缺陷，这种缺陷最终给人类带来了浩劫。阿塔斯关于人的本质的概念被认为是对西方关于人的概念的批判，这在伊斯兰世界引起了严重的认识论-概念问题。本文旨在对阿塔斯的人性概念进行概念化。本定性研究采用了al-Attas作品的内容分析法。它使用了一种描述性的哲学方法。结果表明，阿塔斯在“人”概念的基础上对人性概念进行了概念化，“人”概念被定义为会说话的生命体。这个概念成为西方世界观的人的概念的对立面。人是一种新的创造，与人类自我灵魂的二元性相关。人的现实是他清晰的灵魂(nafs al-nathiqah)，这个灵魂与上帝签订了契约(mitsaq)。这个灵魂可以通过对灵魂的净化来克服他体内动物的欲望，达到灵魂的宁静状态(nafs al-muthmainnah)。这种灵魂状态的标志是灵魂的宁静和安定的幸福(sa’adah)。关键词:赛义德·纳奎布·阿塔斯，科学的伊斯兰化，人性，西方，东方
{"title":"De-Westernisasi Konsep Manusia: Menelaah Konsep Syed Naquib Al-Attas tentang Hakikat Manusia","authors":"Nur Shadiq Sandimula","doi":"10.14421/ref.v22i2.3918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ref.v22i2.3918","url":null,"abstract":"Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, the renowned scholar of Islamization of Knowledge, has recognized the defect of the western worldview concerning man, which eventually brought havoc to humanity. Al-Attas' concept of the nature of man is encountered as a critique of the Western conception of man that causes epistemological-conceptual problems severely in the Islamic world. This article aims to conceptualize al-Attas' concept of human nature. This qualitative research employs the content analysis method of al-Attas works. It uses a descriptive-philosophical approach. The result shows that al-Attas conceptualized the concept of human nature based on the concept of insan, which is defined as a living being that speaks. The concept becomes the antithesis of the western worldview's concept of man. Man is a new creation associated with the duality of the soul in the human self. The reality of man is his articulate soul (nafs al-nathiqah), the soul that took Covenant (mitsaq) with God. This soul can overcome the animal's desire in his body through the purification of the soul to achieve a state of soul of tranquility (nafs al-muthmainnah). This state of the soul is marked by the tranquility of the soul and settled happiness (sa'adah). Keywords: Syed Naquib Al-Attas, Islamization of science, humanity, western,eastern","PeriodicalId":477148,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Keislaman Refleksi","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135539277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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