Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.55159/tri.2023.0102.03
Roman Masyk
The article reviews the economic development of Eastern Galicia between the two World Wars. The organization and main branches of the economy are analyzed. The study method was based on the principles of historical science, logic, scientific objectivity in the evaluation of the past and a critical approach towards the available sources and historiography.
As a result of the warfare in 1914–1921, Eastern Galicia suffered great destruction. After the war, it had to rebuild its economy and adapt to the needs of the new state. The region’s entrepreneurs almost lost contact with companies from other parts of the former Austria-Hungary: trade with the East decreased. The policy of the central government limited the economic opportunities of Eastern Galicia.
The region’s economy was dominated by agriculture. For the majority of Ukrainian farmers who lacked land, a land reform was the most important issue. However, the unwillingness of the Polish authorities to solve the agrarian problems of Ukrainians led to conflicts. The only possible way for Galician farmers to use economic opportunities was through cooperation, which was successfully developing.
However, Eastern Galicia was not only an agrarian region of the inter-war Poland. It was a hub for important branches of the country’s industry. Significant war damage and the instability of Polish finances until the mid-1920s hindered its development, though. Only in 1928 did the industry reach its prewar levels. A year later, the global economic crisis leveled the previous achievements.
Before the war, the most important industries were dominated by entrepreneurs from Austria and Germany. After the revival of Poland, it was impossible to leave this state of affairs as it was. For example, in the oil industry, French capital replaced German and Austrian capital. The development of industry in eastern Galicia was also hampered by the lack of a clear state policy and the lack of a real organization of individual industries.
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 As a result of the warfare in 1914–1921, Eastern Galicia suffered great destruction. After the war, it had to rebuild its economy and adapt to the needs of the new state. The region’s entrepreneurs almost lost contact with companies from other parts of the former Austria-Hungary: trade with the East decreased. The policy of the central government limited the economic opportunities of Eastern Galicia.
 The region’s economy was dominated by agriculture. For the majority of Ukrainian farmers who lacked land, a land reform was the most important issue. However, the unwillingness of the Polish authorities to solve the agrarian problems of Ukrainians led to conflicts. The only possible way for Galician farmers to use economic opportunities was through cooperation, which was successfully developing.
 However, Eastern Galicia was not only an agrarian region of the inter-war Poland. It was a hub for important branches of the country’s industry. Significant war damage and the instability of Polish finances until the mid-1920s hindered its development, though. Only in 1928 did the industry reach its prewar levels. A year later, the global economic crisis leveled the previous achievements.
 Before the war, the most important industries were dominated by entrepreneurs from Austria and Germany. After the revival of Poland, it was impossible to leave this state of affairs as it was. For example, in the oil industry, French capital replaced German and Austrian capital. The development of industry in eastern Galicia was also hampered by the lack of a clear state policy and the lack of a real organization of individual industries.","PeriodicalId":477315,"journal":{"name":"Trimarium","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135517167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.55159/tri.2023.0102.10
Tetiana Holiak
The article outlines the stages of the history preparing an edition of Ivan Franko’s works in 25 volumes by systematizing literary studies and studying archive sources. The events are described in organic connection with historical and socio-political circumstances, which made it possible to show the meanders of Franko’s legacy reaching his readers. Some of the unknown documents are introduced into scientific circulation. The research methods of choice were textual and source analysis and synthesis. The use of these tools made it possible to establish little-known facts about the history of the collected works, trace the announcement of the contents of the individual volumes in the press, analyze the obstacles encountered, and find out the reasons for the sudden collapse of this publishing initiative.
{"title":"Insights Into Reconstructing the History of the Making of Ivan Franko’s Collected Works in 25 Volumes","authors":"Tetiana Holiak","doi":"10.55159/tri.2023.0102.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55159/tri.2023.0102.10","url":null,"abstract":"The article outlines the stages of the history preparing an edition of Ivan Franko’s works in 25 volumes by systematizing literary studies and studying archive sources. The events are described in organic connection with historical and socio-political circumstances, which made it possible to show the meanders of Franko’s legacy reaching his readers. Some of the unknown documents are introduced into scientific circulation. The research methods of choice were textual and source analysis and synthesis. The use of these tools made it possible to establish little-known facts about the history of the collected works, trace the announcement of the contents of the individual volumes in the press, analyze the obstacles encountered, and find out the reasons for the sudden collapse of this publishing initiative.","PeriodicalId":477315,"journal":{"name":"Trimarium","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135517003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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