Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101719
Jennifer W. Robinette , Jason D. Boardman , Kathleen Mullan Harris
This study investigated how sociopolitical changes in the United States between the 1990s and 2000s may explain the increase in substance use disorders and reduced longevity in more recent cohorts of US midlife adults. The 2008 recession which drastically increased unemployment rates across the country may have had negative implications for downstream contextual and individual processes, including both local crime rates and substance use disorders. The Midlife in the United States Survey cohort (1995; n = 6148; 20–75 years) and the MIDUS Refresher cohort (2011; n = 3543; 23–76 years) reported on substance use disorders. These data were linked to Uniform Crime Reporting violent crime rates to determine whether associations between local crime and substance use disorders changed among two separate cohorts of US midlife adults assessed before or after the 2008 recession. In 1995, despite higher local crime rates, substance use disorders were not associated with local crime. The comparatively lower crime rates of 2011, however, associated with greater prevalence of substance use disorders. Considering unemployment rates from the Decennial Census and American Community Survey, which were substantially higher in 2011 relative to 1995, completely diminished the local crime rate-substance use disorder association. The increased prevalence of substance use disorders observed in the more recent cohort of midlife adults assessed in the current study may represent maladaptive coping to local crime after the 2008 recession.
{"title":"Local crime and substance use disorders: A comparison of midlife adults in the 1990s and 2000s","authors":"Jennifer W. Robinette , Jason D. Boardman , Kathleen Mullan Harris","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated how sociopolitical changes in the United States between the 1990s and 2000s may explain the increase in substance use disorders and reduced longevity in more recent cohorts of US midlife adults. The 2008 recession which drastically increased unemployment rates across the country may have had negative implications for downstream contextual and individual processes, including both local crime rates and substance use disorders. The Midlife in the United States Survey cohort (1995; <em>n</em> = 6148; 20–75 years) and the MIDUS Refresher cohort (2011; <em>n</em> = 3543; 23–76 years) reported on substance use disorders. These data were linked to Uniform Crime Reporting violent crime rates to determine whether associations between local crime and substance use disorders changed among two separate cohorts of US midlife adults assessed before or after the 2008 recession. In 1995, despite higher local crime rates, substance use disorders were not associated with local crime. The comparatively lower crime rates of 2011, however, associated with greater prevalence of substance use disorders. Considering unemployment rates from the Decennial Census and American Community Survey, which were substantially higher in 2011 relative to 1995, completely diminished the local crime rate-substance use disorder association. The increased prevalence of substance use disorders observed in the more recent cohort of midlife adults assessed in the current study may represent maladaptive coping to local crime after the 2008 recession.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101719"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101720
Emiko Yamamoto, Daisuke Takagi, Hideki Hashimoto
Background
Accumulated evidence indicates that neighborhood environments affect children's health behaviors. However, measuring neighborhood environments remains challenging because there exist strengths and weaknesses both in objective and perceived environment measures. Drawing on a recent conceptual model of how environment, perception, and behavior interact, we hypothesized that neighbors' behavioral similarities indicate the combined influence of physical and social environmental opportunities on specific behaviors. We then examined how these similarities (i.e. the behavioral tendencies of children's adult neighbors) relate to children's obesogenic dietary behaviors.
Methods
We used data for 2275 women and 821 elementary schoolchildren from a 2012–2013 population-based survey in greater Tokyo, Japan. Snack intake was defined as the total consumption of various types of snacks, estimated using a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire. Spatial regionalization, a type of spatial clustering, was used to empirically identify segments that could effectively differentiate regional variation in women's snack intake behaviors. We conducted multiple regression analysis to assess the cross-sectional association between children's snack intake and the mean snack intake of neighborhood women, adjusting for mother's intake.
Results
A 1-g increase in the mean snack intake of neighborhood women was associated with a 0.23-g (95% confidence interval: 0.00–0.45) increase in children's intake, while a 1-g increase in mother's intake was associated with a 0.34-g (95% confidence interval: 0.26–0.41) increase in children's intake.
Discussion
The results suggest that the out-of-home physical and social neighborhood environments may have non-ignorable associations with children's dietary behaviors by offering behavioral opportunities in addition to maternal influence.
{"title":"Association between snack intake behaviors of children and neighboring women: A population-based cross-sectional analysis with spatial regionalization","authors":"Emiko Yamamoto, Daisuke Takagi, Hideki Hashimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Accumulated evidence indicates that neighborhood environments affect children's health behaviors. However, measuring neighborhood environments remains challenging because there exist strengths and weaknesses both in objective and perceived environment measures. Drawing on a recent conceptual model of how environment, perception, and behavior interact, we hypothesized that neighbors' behavioral similarities indicate the combined influence of physical and social environmental opportunities on specific behaviors. We then examined how these similarities (i.e. the behavioral tendencies of children's adult neighbors) relate to children's obesogenic dietary behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data for 2275 women and 821 elementary schoolchildren from a 2012–2013 population-based survey in greater Tokyo, Japan. Snack intake was defined as the total consumption of various types of snacks, estimated using a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire. Spatial regionalization, a type of spatial clustering, was used to empirically identify segments that could effectively differentiate regional variation in women's snack intake behaviors. We conducted multiple regression analysis to assess the cross-sectional association between children's snack intake and the mean snack intake of neighborhood women, adjusting for mother's intake.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A 1-g increase in the mean snack intake of neighborhood women was associated with a 0.23-g (95% confidence interval: 0.00–0.45) increase in children's intake, while a 1-g increase in mother's intake was associated with a 0.34-g (95% confidence interval: 0.26–0.41) increase in children's intake.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The results suggest that the out-of-home physical and social neighborhood environments may have non-ignorable associations with children's dietary behaviors by offering behavioral opportunities in addition to maternal influence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101720"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101718
Christa Orchard , Elizabeth Lin , Laura Rosella , Peter M. Smith
Background
Mental health disorders are known to manifest differently in men and women, however our understanding of how gender interacts with mental health and well-being as a broader construct remains limited. Employment is a key determinant of mental health and there are historical differences in occupational roles among men and women that continue to influence working lives (Bonde, 2008; Cabezas-Rodríguez, Utzet, & Bacigalupe, 2021; Drolet, 2022; Gedikli, Miraglia, Connolly, Bryan, & Watson, 2023; Moyser, 2017; Niedhammer, Bertrais, & Witt, 2021; Stier & Yaish, 2014; Van der Doef & Maes, 1999). This study aims to explore differences in multidimensional mental health between men and women, and to quantify how these differences may change if women had the same employment characteristics as men.
Methods
Working-age adults (25–64) were identified through a household survey in Ontario, Canada during 2012. We created multifaceted measures of employment to capture both employment and job quality, as well as multidimensional mental health profiles that capture mental health disorders and well-being using survey data. A causal decomposition approach with Monte Carlo simulation methods estimated the change in differences in mental health profiles between men and women, if women had the same employment characteristics as men.
Results
Among 2458 eligible respondents, women were more likely to exhibit clinical mood disorders compared to men, with men more likely to exhibit absence of flourishing without a diagnosable disorder. Among those who were flourishing, women more often expressed at least some life stress compared to men. When women were assigned men's employment characteristics, which amounted to an increase in employment and higher quality employment, some of the gender differences in risk of clinical mood disorder decreased. However, differences between men and women in the remaining mental health profiles increased.
Conclusions
This study provided an estimate of the contribution of employment to the observed differences in multidimensional mental health between men and women. This adds to the literature by including a broader range of mental health indicators than disorders alone, and by formalizing the causal framework used to study these relationships.
{"title":"Using a causal decomposition approach to estimate the contribution of employment to differences in mental health profiles between men and women","authors":"Christa Orchard , Elizabeth Lin , Laura Rosella , Peter M. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mental health disorders are known to manifest differently in men and women, however our understanding of how gender interacts with mental health and well-being as a broader construct remains limited. Employment is a key determinant of mental health and there are historical differences in occupational roles among men and women that continue to influence working lives (Bonde, 2008; Cabezas-Rodríguez, Utzet, & Bacigalupe, 2021; Drolet, 2022; Gedikli, Miraglia, Connolly, Bryan, & Watson, 2023; Moyser, 2017; Niedhammer, Bertrais, & Witt, 2021; Stier & Yaish, 2014; Van der Doef & Maes, 1999). This study aims to explore differences in multidimensional mental health between men and women, and to quantify how these differences may change if women had the same employment characteristics as men.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Working-age adults (25–64) were identified through a household survey in Ontario, Canada during 2012. We created multifaceted measures of employment to capture both employment and job quality, as well as multidimensional mental health profiles that capture mental health disorders and well-being using survey data. A causal decomposition approach with Monte Carlo simulation methods estimated the change in differences in mental health profiles between men and women, if women had the same employment characteristics as men.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 2458 eligible respondents, women were more likely to exhibit clinical mood disorders compared to men, with men more likely to exhibit absence of flourishing without a diagnosable disorder. Among those who were flourishing, women more often expressed at least some life stress compared to men. When women were assigned men's employment characteristics, which amounted to an increase in employment and higher quality employment, some of the gender differences in risk of clinical mood disorder decreased. However, differences between men and women in the remaining mental health profiles increased.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provided an estimate of the contribution of employment to the observed differences in multidimensional mental health between men and women. This adds to the literature by including a broader range of mental health indicators than disorders alone, and by formalizing the causal framework used to study these relationships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101718"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101716
Chihua Li , Yuan Zhang , Grace Noppert , Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri , Alden Gross , Lindsay Kobayashi
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The relationship between education and cardiometabolic biomarkers is contextually dependent on both inter-country and intra-country factors. This study aimed to examine educational differences in cardiometabolic biomarkers among middle-aged and older adults in the US, Mexico, China, and India, and whether this relationship is modified by urbanicity of residence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were from contemporary cross-sectional waves of the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 2016/17, n = 19,608), the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS; 2015, n = 12,356), the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS; 2015/16, n = 13,268), and the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI; 2017/19, n = 47,838). To account for substantial variations in educational distribution across the four countries, we measured education attainment in two ways: by categorizing education levels into binary classifications (‘lower education: lower secondary education or below' vs. 'higher education: upper secondary education or above') to assess absolute education attainment, and by using within-country percentile ranks to capture relative education attainment. We assessed educational differences in four cardiometabolic biomarkers: body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and total cholesterol. We tested whether urbanicity of residence modified the relationship between education and these cardiometabolic biomarkers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The proportion of individuals with higher education was 82.6% in the US, 15.6% in Mexico, 10.6% in China, and 16.8% in India. In the US, higher education was associated with lower SBP (−2.74 mmHg, 95% CI: −3.62, −1.86) and HbA1c (−0.14%, 95% CI: −0.20, −0.08), but higher total cholesterol (3.33 mg/dL, 95% CI: 1.41, 5.25). In Mexico, higher education was associated with lower BMI only (−0.51 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 95% CI: −0.76, −0.26). In China, higher education was not associated with any biomarker. In India, higher education was associated with higher BMI (1.61 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 95% CI: 1.49, 1.73), SBP (1.67 mmHg, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.18), and HbA1c (0.35%, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.51). The association between education and cardiometabolic biomarkers was modified by urbanicity in China and India but not in the US or Mexico. In both China and India, relationships between education and cardiometabolic biomarkers were stronger among rural residents compared to those among urban residents. Results based on relative education attainment showed similar patterns in terms of the direction of the effect estimates, despite some discrepancies in statistical significance.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>There is a complex relationship between education and cardiometabolic biomarkers across countries and by urbanicity of residence. This complexity underscores the importance of accounting for contextual factors when devising strategies to enhance car
{"title":"Education, urbanicity of residence, and cardiometabolic biomarkers among middle-aged and older populations in the US, Mexico, China, and India","authors":"Chihua Li , Yuan Zhang , Grace Noppert , Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri , Alden Gross , Lindsay Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The relationship between education and cardiometabolic biomarkers is contextually dependent on both inter-country and intra-country factors. This study aimed to examine educational differences in cardiometabolic biomarkers among middle-aged and older adults in the US, Mexico, China, and India, and whether this relationship is modified by urbanicity of residence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were from contemporary cross-sectional waves of the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 2016/17, n = 19,608), the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS; 2015, n = 12,356), the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS; 2015/16, n = 13,268), and the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI; 2017/19, n = 47,838). To account for substantial variations in educational distribution across the four countries, we measured education attainment in two ways: by categorizing education levels into binary classifications (‘lower education: lower secondary education or below' vs. 'higher education: upper secondary education or above') to assess absolute education attainment, and by using within-country percentile ranks to capture relative education attainment. We assessed educational differences in four cardiometabolic biomarkers: body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and total cholesterol. We tested whether urbanicity of residence modified the relationship between education and these cardiometabolic biomarkers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The proportion of individuals with higher education was 82.6% in the US, 15.6% in Mexico, 10.6% in China, and 16.8% in India. In the US, higher education was associated with lower SBP (−2.74 mmHg, 95% CI: −3.62, −1.86) and HbA1c (−0.14%, 95% CI: −0.20, −0.08), but higher total cholesterol (3.33 mg/dL, 95% CI: 1.41, 5.25). In Mexico, higher education was associated with lower BMI only (−0.51 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 95% CI: −0.76, −0.26). In China, higher education was not associated with any biomarker. In India, higher education was associated with higher BMI (1.61 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 95% CI: 1.49, 1.73), SBP (1.67 mmHg, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.18), and HbA1c (0.35%, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.51). The association between education and cardiometabolic biomarkers was modified by urbanicity in China and India but not in the US or Mexico. In both China and India, relationships between education and cardiometabolic biomarkers were stronger among rural residents compared to those among urban residents. Results based on relative education attainment showed similar patterns in terms of the direction of the effect estimates, despite some discrepancies in statistical significance.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>There is a complex relationship between education and cardiometabolic biomarkers across countries and by urbanicity of residence. This complexity underscores the importance of accounting for contextual factors when devising strategies to enhance car","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101716"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101717
Lan Nguyen , Luke B. Connelly , Stephen Birch , Ha Trong Nguyen
This study investigates various common medical conditions affecting Australian children aged 4–14 years and the impact of prenatal and early-life conditions on these health conditions using a large national data set (n = 4122) with 15 years of follow-up. Consistent with the developmental origins of health and diseases hypothesis and the life-course models of health, the in-utero environment and parental financial hardship during pregnancy and shortly after birth play a significant role and have a lasting impact on the medical conditions of children. These significant effects are not reduced by controlling for child, family, and neighbourhood characteristics. The impact of improvements in family income when the child is aged 4–14 years does not compensate for the impact of health disadvantages in the prenatal and postnatal period.
{"title":"Origins and developmental paths of medical conditions from mid-childhood to mid-adolescence in Australia: Early-life adverse conditions and their lasting effects","authors":"Lan Nguyen , Luke B. Connelly , Stephen Birch , Ha Trong Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates various common medical conditions affecting Australian children aged 4–14 years and the impact of prenatal and early-life conditions on these health conditions using a large national data set (n = 4122) with 15 years of follow-up. Consistent with the developmental origins of health and diseases hypothesis and the life-course models of health, the <em>in-utero</em> environment and parental financial hardship during pregnancy and shortly after birth play a significant role and have a lasting impact on the medical conditions of children. These significant effects are not reduced by controlling for child, family, and neighbourhood characteristics. The impact of improvements in family income when the child is aged 4–14 years does not compensate for the impact of health disadvantages in the prenatal and postnatal period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101717"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101715
T.C. Abreu , J.D. Mackenbach , J.W.J. Beulens , I. Vaartjes , I. Kawachi
We prospectively examined the association between structure, function, and quality of social relations and self-rated health (SRH) in U.S. adults followed over 10 years in the population-based National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). Large social network and high positive/negative social support were measured at baseline and defined as the highest quartile. These three binary measures were reported from friends, family, and partner and combined into a multifactorial exposure variable. SRH was measured through a 5-point Likert scale and dichotomised. Odds ratios (OR) for poor SRH were estimated with covariate-adjusted logistic regression. In total, 1,592 participants were included. Based on the combined multifactorial exposure variable as well as independent exposure variables, only lower levels of negative social support were prospectively associated with better SRH (aOR = 0.65; 95%CI 0.44–0.98). From the different social ties, only family-related negative social support was associated with poor SRH (aOR = 0.59; 95%CI 0.39–0.90). This association was similar between genders, but only statistically significant among women. Sensitivity analysis with depressive symptoms as outcome supported the hypothesis that the findings for SRH may be partially driven by mental health (aOR = 0.65; 95%CI 0.48–0.90). Concluding, negative social support particularly from family is prospectively associated with poor SRH.
{"title":"Family is all that matters: Prospective associations between structure, function, and quality of social relations and self-rated health in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP)","authors":"T.C. Abreu , J.D. Mackenbach , J.W.J. Beulens , I. Vaartjes , I. Kawachi","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We prospectively examined the association between structure, function, and quality of social relations and self-rated health (SRH) in U.S. adults followed over 10 years in the population-based National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). Large social network and high positive/negative social support were measured at baseline and defined as the highest quartile. These three binary measures were reported from friends, family, and partner and combined into a multifactorial exposure variable. SRH was measured through a 5-point Likert scale and dichotomised. Odds ratios (OR) for poor SRH were estimated with covariate-adjusted logistic regression. In total, 1,592 participants were included. Based on the combined multifactorial exposure variable as well as independent exposure variables, only lower levels of negative social support were prospectively associated with better SRH (aOR = 0.65; 95%CI 0.44–0.98). From the different social ties, only family-related negative social support was associated with poor SRH (aOR = 0.59; 95%CI 0.39–0.90). This association was similar between genders, but only statistically significant among women. Sensitivity analysis with depressive symptoms as outcome supported the hypothesis that the findings for SRH may be partially driven by mental health (aOR = 0.65; 95%CI 0.48–0.90). Concluding, negative social support particularly from family is prospectively associated with poor SRH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101715"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101713
Linnea A. Zimmerman , Celia Karp , Kimberly Mihayo , Astha Ramaiya , Eric Mafuta , Caroline Moreau , Saifuddin Ahmed
Background
Empowerment research has largely focused on adult women with little focus on younger adolescents. Additionally, despite recognition that empowerment is a process, few studies have longitudinally explored its development.
Methods
We used secondary data from four waves of the Global Early Adolescent Study to explore trajectories in the development of three domains of agency (i.e. the internal processes composing empowerment) - Freedom of Movement, Voice, and Decision-Making - for 1188 boys and 1153 girls in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Respondents were age 10–14 at enrollment and followed through age 14–18. We created scales for each domain and conducted gender- and age-stratified latent growth curve modeling with random effects, comparing age 10–14 to age 15–18, accounting for clustering within individuals over waves. We examined the role of puberty within each domain in the analysis of age 10–14.
Results
Scores across all domains increased with age for boys and girls, with the exception of Voice amongst boys 10–14. Rates of change varied by age group and gender; for boys, scores increased at a faster rate for older boys relative to younger boys for Freedom of Movement (ß(10-14): 3.98 versus ß(15-18): 6.12) and Voice (ß(10-14): .50 versus ß(15-18): 2.54). Relative to younger girls, scores amongst older girls increased at a faster rate for Freedom of Movement (ß(10-14): 1.76 versus ß(15-18): 3.72) and a slower rate for Decision-Making (ß(10-14): 6.41 versus ß(15-18): 2.80). Puberty was associated with significant increases in scores across all domains for both genders, with the exception of Decision-Making for girls.
Interpretation
Young people develop/acquire different forms of agency at different stages of adolescence and development is not uniform across forms. Gender inequalities in agency amplify at puberty, signaling the need to intervene at or before this critical stage of development.
{"title":"Trajectories of personal agency by gender and pubertal development among adolescents in Kinshasa: Longitudinal evidence from the GlobalEarly Adolescent Study","authors":"Linnea A. Zimmerman , Celia Karp , Kimberly Mihayo , Astha Ramaiya , Eric Mafuta , Caroline Moreau , Saifuddin Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Empowerment research has largely focused on adult women with little focus on younger adolescents. Additionally, despite recognition that empowerment is a process, few studies have longitudinally explored its development.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used secondary data from four waves of the Global Early Adolescent Study to explore trajectories in the development of three domains of agency (i.e. the internal processes composing empowerment) - Freedom of Movement, Voice, and Decision-Making - for 1188 boys and 1153 girls in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Respondents were age 10–14 at enrollment and followed through age 14–18. We created scales for each domain and conducted gender- and age-stratified latent growth curve modeling with random effects, comparing age 10–14 to age 15–18, accounting for clustering within individuals over waves. We examined the role of puberty within each domain in the analysis of age 10–14.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Scores across all domains increased with age for boys and girls, with the exception of Voice amongst boys 10–14. Rates of change varied by age group and gender; for boys, scores increased at a faster rate for older boys relative to younger boys for Freedom of Movement (ß<sub>(10-14)</sub>: 3.98 versus ß<sub>(15-18)</sub>: 6.12) and Voice (ß<sub>(10-14)</sub>: .50 versus ß<sub>(15-18)</sub>: 2.54). Relative to younger girls, scores amongst older girls increased at a faster rate for Freedom of Movement (ß<sub>(10-14)</sub>: 1.76 versus ß<sub>(15-18)</sub>: 3.72) and a slower rate for Decision-Making (ß<sub>(10-14)</sub>: 6.41 versus ß<sub>(15-18)</sub>: 2.80). Puberty was associated with significant increases in scores across all domains for both genders, with the exception of Decision-Making for girls.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Young people develop/acquire different forms of agency at different stages of adolescence and development is not uniform across forms. Gender inequalities in agency amplify at puberty, signaling the need to intervene at or before this critical stage of development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101713"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101714
Mouhamed Samba , Ibrahima Thiam , Elisabeth Paul
Despite efforts to enhance public investment in Senegal’s health sector, the equitable distribution of benefits between socioeconomic groups remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, our study examines the progressive (or regressive) nature of public health expenditure. Utilizing data from the latest survey on household living conditions (2018–2019) in conjunction with administrative data on health expenditure from the same period (provided by the Ministry of Health of Senegal), we performed a benefit incidence analysis. This entailed segmenting the population by poverty quintiles and subsequently estimating how each group utilized and benefitted from public health expenditure, according to level of care and geographical location. Additionally, we performed a marginal benefit analysis to discern the impact of an increase in public health expenditure on various socioeconomic groups. Our findings unveil a pro-rich distribution of benefits at both primary healthcare and hospital levels, observable both at national and regional levels. Moreover, disparities in the distribution of resource allocation between Senegal's 14 administrative regions were observed. Ultimately, our results indicate that under prevailing conditions, increasing public health expenditure would not yield a pro-poor distribution of benefits. Therefore, our research underscores the imperative of better targeting populations for greater equity between regions and social groups.
{"title":"Which socio-economic groups benefit most from public health expenditure in Senegal? A dynamic benefit incidence analysis","authors":"Mouhamed Samba , Ibrahima Thiam , Elisabeth Paul","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite efforts to enhance public investment in Senegal’s health sector, the equitable distribution of benefits between socioeconomic groups remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, our study examines the progressive (or regressive) nature of public health expenditure. Utilizing data from the latest survey on household living conditions (2018–2019) in conjunction with administrative data on health expenditure from the same period (provided by the Ministry of Health of Senegal), we performed a benefit incidence analysis. This entailed segmenting the population by poverty quintiles and subsequently estimating how each group utilized and benefitted from public health expenditure, according to level of care and geographical location. Additionally, we performed a marginal benefit analysis to discern the impact of an increase in public health expenditure on various socioeconomic groups. Our findings unveil a pro-rich distribution of benefits at both primary healthcare and hospital levels, observable both at national and regional levels. Moreover, disparities in the distribution of resource allocation between Senegal's 14 administrative regions were observed. Ultimately, our results indicate that under prevailing conditions, increasing public health expenditure would not yield a pro-poor distribution of benefits. Therefore, our research underscores the imperative of better targeting populations for greater equity between regions and social groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101714"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101712
Emre Sarı , Mikko Moilanen , Maarten Lindeboom
Child neglect is a significant social problem with severe consequences for individuals and society. This study explores how intergenerational transmission of grandparental child neglect affects grandchildren's mental health in adulthood. We utilize a three-generational dataset from the Tromsø Study and estimate a linear probability model to find the distinct roles of both maternal and paternal grandparents. We test the additive risk hypothesis for continuous, intergenerational effects of child neglect in both the maternal and paternal lineages. Furthermore, we use structural equation modeling to test how sequential exposures to neglect across generations ultimately bear on adult mental health outcomes. Our results confirm the additive risk hypothesis but only for maternal grandparents: our findings show that only maternal parents' neglectful parenting is associated with an increased probability of depression in their grandchildren, conditional on whether their parents neglected them. These results contribute to research on intergenerational transmission by the finding that additive risks of child maltreatment flow down generations mainly through maternal lineages.
{"title":"Long-term effects of grandparental child neglect on adult grandchildren's mental health: A three-generation study","authors":"Emre Sarı , Mikko Moilanen , Maarten Lindeboom","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Child neglect is a significant social problem with severe consequences for individuals and society. This study explores how intergenerational transmission of grandparental child neglect affects grandchildren's mental health in adulthood. We utilize a three-generational dataset from the Tromsø Study and estimate a linear probability model to find the distinct roles of both maternal and paternal grandparents. We test the additive risk hypothesis for continuous, intergenerational effects of child neglect in both the maternal and paternal lineages. Furthermore, we use structural equation modeling to test how sequential exposures to neglect across generations ultimately bear on adult mental health outcomes. Our results confirm the additive risk hypothesis but only for maternal grandparents: our findings show that only maternal parents' neglectful parenting is associated with an increased probability of depression in their grandchildren, conditional on whether their parents neglected them. These results contribute to research on intergenerational transmission by the finding that additive risks of child maltreatment flow down generations mainly through maternal lineages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101712"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101711
Salma M. Abdalla , Sandro Galea
{"title":"Reimagining global health scholarship to tackle health inequities","authors":"Salma M. Abdalla , Sandro Galea","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101711","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101711"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号