Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1215/08992363-10742579
Joy Rohde
Abstract This article argues that the Cold War-era battle between information and uncertainty is a critical origin point for contemporary social theory-informed, dataintensive projects of the US national security state. Beginning in the 1950s, international relations experts and government officials turned to digital computing to help make decisions under the unavoidable pressures of geopolitical uncertainty. By the 1970s, their data banks of political knowledge and novel statistical tools purported to forecast political unrest long before an unaided human could. These efforts sparked a new epistemology of political knowledge, one that is now common in data science, in which designers and users prioritize correlation over causality and the instrumental management of problems over scholarly understanding or explanation. Far from a historical curiosity, this history is a warning. The sensibilities of Cold War technopolitical projects are continually rematerialized in contemporary computational security projects. Left unchallenged, their durability will continue to increase in tandem with the national security state's continued investment in computational social scientific projects for geopolitical management.
{"title":"The Contest between Information and Uncertainty","authors":"Joy Rohde","doi":"10.1215/08992363-10742579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-10742579","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article argues that the Cold War-era battle between information and uncertainty is a critical origin point for contemporary social theory-informed, dataintensive projects of the US national security state. Beginning in the 1950s, international relations experts and government officials turned to digital computing to help make decisions under the unavoidable pressures of geopolitical uncertainty. By the 1970s, their data banks of political knowledge and novel statistical tools purported to forecast political unrest long before an unaided human could. These efforts sparked a new epistemology of political knowledge, one that is now common in data science, in which designers and users prioritize correlation over causality and the instrumental management of problems over scholarly understanding or explanation. Far from a historical curiosity, this history is a warning. The sensibilities of Cold War technopolitical projects are continually rematerialized in contemporary computational security projects. Left unchallenged, their durability will continue to increase in tandem with the national security state's continued investment in computational social scientific projects for geopolitical management.","PeriodicalId":47901,"journal":{"name":"Public Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1215/08992363-10742509
Magdalena Małecka
Abstract The article introduces the concept of the imaginary of behavioral governing to capture the view on the role of behavioral research in governing behavior that is widely shared in the academic and public discussions about behavioral policy (nudging), including the recent debates about reliance on big data and algorithms to influence people's behavior. It is believed that behavioral science provides knowledge of stable regularities of behavior and of the cognitive processes that lead to them, and that policymakers/governments act upon this knowledge to change behavior of individuals. I argue that this set of claims about the knowledge provided by the behavioral sciences is not substantiated in behavioral research. The formal theoretical frameworks of behavioral science come to be interpreted—via the imaginary of behavioral governing—as relating to human agents that power can act upon. I reflect on the possible point of entry for critique of this imaginary and its effects.
{"title":"Imaginary of Behavioral Governing","authors":"Magdalena Małecka","doi":"10.1215/08992363-10742509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-10742509","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article introduces the concept of the imaginary of behavioral governing to capture the view on the role of behavioral research in governing behavior that is widely shared in the academic and public discussions about behavioral policy (nudging), including the recent debates about reliance on big data and algorithms to influence people's behavior. It is believed that behavioral science provides knowledge of stable regularities of behavior and of the cognitive processes that lead to them, and that policymakers/governments act upon this knowledge to change behavior of individuals. I argue that this set of claims about the knowledge provided by the behavioral sciences is not substantiated in behavioral research. The formal theoretical frameworks of behavioral science come to be interpreted—via the imaginary of behavioral governing—as relating to human agents that power can act upon. I reflect on the possible point of entry for critique of this imaginary and its effects.","PeriodicalId":47901,"journal":{"name":"Public Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1215/08992363-10742439
Alondra Nelson, Charis Thompson, Sonja van Wichelen, Joy Rohde, Joshua Barkan, Christo Sims, Diana Graizbord
{"title":"Science and the State","authors":"Alondra Nelson, Charis Thompson, Sonja van Wichelen, Joy Rohde, Joshua Barkan, Christo Sims, Diana Graizbord","doi":"10.1215/08992363-10742439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-10742439","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47901,"journal":{"name":"Public Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1215/08992363-10742467
Charis Thompson
Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO), the body charged with implementing global pandemic response, figured heavily in the Republican and Democratic campaigns of the 2020 US presidential election. The contrast was stark: Donald Trump drew on and ramped up dissatisfaction with the United Nations system in general and the WHO in particular, culminating in his decision to pull the US out of the WHO in the middle of the pandemic, while Joe Biden rescinded the decision to leave the WHO the day after assuming the presidency. Despite this difference, neither party heeded renewed calls during COVID to put health justice and primary healthcare at the heart of global health policy. Both parties continued to prefer private philanthropic sources of funding for global vaccine initiatives, and both sought economic returns on vaccine development, potentially missing a rare opportunity to incorporate global health justice into US global health diplomacy.
{"title":"Biden Hears a WHO","authors":"Charis Thompson","doi":"10.1215/08992363-10742467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-10742467","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO), the body charged with implementing global pandemic response, figured heavily in the Republican and Democratic campaigns of the 2020 US presidential election. The contrast was stark: Donald Trump drew on and ramped up dissatisfaction with the United Nations system in general and the WHO in particular, culminating in his decision to pull the US out of the WHO in the middle of the pandemic, while Joe Biden rescinded the decision to leave the WHO the day after assuming the presidency. Despite this difference, neither party heeded renewed calls during COVID to put health justice and primary healthcare at the heart of global health policy. Both parties continued to prefer private philanthropic sources of funding for global vaccine initiatives, and both sought economic returns on vaccine development, potentially missing a rare opportunity to incorporate global health justice into US global health diplomacy.","PeriodicalId":47901,"journal":{"name":"Public Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1215/08992363-10742453
Florence Jany-Catrice, Ilona Delouette, Amélie Lefebvre-Chombart, Laura Nirello
Abstract This article analyzes the genesis and consolidation of the “statistical argument” (Desrosières 2008) of mortality during the pandemic. Public health data are approached from the perspective of “biopower” which can be read as a statization of life, combining the power of both science and the state. The authors explore the social conditions of the production and dissemination of mortality data in French nursing homes in a period of strong uncertainty. The web of interactions between agencies of public health generates vagueness and uncertainty, but also weak and fragile data, in a period nevertheless marked by the centralization of power. The fragility of mortality data is mirrored by the fragility of the nursing home as institution—an expression of numerous fallibilities, in particular economic (lack of resources), symbolic (out-of-sight situations) and institutional (tension between health and social care).
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Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1215/08992363-10742565
Sarah Vaughn
Abstract This article details how the influence of financial investment on insurance has produced a morality discourse that provides new insights on a social theory of stigma. Specifically, it examines the Insurance Development Forum (IDF) and the role morality plays in its commitments to climate governance. Initially conceived by political leaders advising on disaster risk reduction at a 2013 UN General Assembly meeting, the IDF recognizes financial institutions, practices, and devices as integral to addressing climate change. Through its activities and investments in an open-access database, insurance has come to shape material claims about the reputational status of people, things, natures, and places. At the heart of the article's analysis is the observation that the organizational structure of the IDF depends on the efficient flow of information to manage the stigma often associated with finance capitalism.
{"title":"The Morality of Investment","authors":"Sarah Vaughn","doi":"10.1215/08992363-10742565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-10742565","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article details how the influence of financial investment on insurance has produced a morality discourse that provides new insights on a social theory of stigma. Specifically, it examines the Insurance Development Forum (IDF) and the role morality plays in its commitments to climate governance. Initially conceived by political leaders advising on disaster risk reduction at a 2013 UN General Assembly meeting, the IDF recognizes financial institutions, practices, and devices as integral to addressing climate change. Through its activities and investments in an open-access database, insurance has come to shape material claims about the reputational status of people, things, natures, and places. At the heart of the article's analysis is the observation that the organizational structure of the IDF depends on the efficient flow of information to manage the stigma often associated with finance capitalism.","PeriodicalId":47901,"journal":{"name":"Public Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135933994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1215/08992363-10742593
Jacob G. Foster
This article argues that contemporary research practices in artificial intelligence will produce AI technologies incompatible with human flourishing, social complexity, or vibrant politics. Adopting James Scott's anarchist squint, it instead proposes a vision of AI that embraces local vernaculars, the multiplicity of objectives, the responsibilities that come with producing persons, and the potential of instigating rather than circumventing political contestation. To clarify the stakes, it draws on the key evolutionary idea of niche construction, contrasting the thin, universalizing, top-down construction characteristic of contemporary AI with thick, local, and contested co-construction. It also introduces the idea of semantic power, showing how AI's ability to impose objective functions on the world shapes our very categories of meaning. Finally, it calls for a new social science of possible worlds, outlining strategies for rigorous exploration of the imaginal world where unrealized but possible social arrangements reside.
{"title":"From Thin to Thick","authors":"Jacob G. Foster","doi":"10.1215/08992363-10742593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-10742593","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that contemporary research practices in artificial intelligence will produce AI technologies incompatible with human flourishing, social complexity, or vibrant politics. Adopting James Scott's anarchist squint, it instead proposes a vision of AI that embraces local vernaculars, the multiplicity of objectives, the responsibilities that come with producing persons, and the potential of instigating rather than circumventing political contestation. To clarify the stakes, it draws on the key evolutionary idea of niche construction, contrasting the thin, universalizing, top-down construction characteristic of contemporary AI with thick, local, and contested co-construction. It also introduces the idea of semantic power, showing how AI's ability to impose objective functions on the world shapes our very categories of meaning. Finally, it calls for a new social science of possible worlds, outlining strategies for rigorous exploration of the imaginal world where unrealized but possible social arrangements reside.","PeriodicalId":47901,"journal":{"name":"Public Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1215/08992363-10742551
Sonja van Wichelen
Research Article| November 02 2023 Shit, in Silico: On the Postcolonial Materiality of Bioinformation Sonja van Wichelen Sonja van Wichelen Sonja van Wichelen is professor of anthropology and sociology at the University of Sydney in Australia. She is the author of Legitimating Life: Adoption in the Age of Globalization and Biotechnology (2019) and Religion Gender and Politics in Indonesia: Disputing the Muslim Body (2010). She was a member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, from 2020 to 2021. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Public Culture 10742551. https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-10742551 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Sonja van Wichelen; Shit, in Silico: On the Postcolonial Materiality of Bioinformation. Public Culture 2023; 10742551. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-10742551 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsPublic Culture Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2023 by Duke University Press2023 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
本文作者Sonja van Wichelen是澳大利亚悉尼大学人类学和社会学教授。她著有《使生活合法化:全球化和生物技术时代的收养》(2019年)和《印度尼西亚的宗教、性别和政治:对穆斯林身体的争论》(2010年)。从2020年到2021年，她是新泽西州普林斯顿高级研究所的成员。搜索此作者的其他作品:此网站谷歌公共文化10742551。https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-10742551查看图标查看文章内容图表和表格视频音频补充数据同行评审分享图标分享Facebook Twitter LinkedIn电子邮件工具图标工具权限引用图标引用搜索网站引文Sonja van Wichelen;大便，在硅:论生物信息的后殖民物质性。公共文化2023;10742551. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-10742551下载引文文件:Zotero参考文献管理器EasyBib Bookends Mendeley论文EndNote RefWorks BibTex工具栏搜索搜索下拉菜单工具栏搜索搜索输入搜索输入自动建议过滤您的搜索书籍和期刊所有期刊公共文化搜索高级搜索本文的文本仅以PDF格式提供。版权由杜克大学出版社2023文章PDF第一页预览关闭模式您目前没有访问此内容。
{"title":"Shit, in Silico","authors":"Sonja van Wichelen","doi":"10.1215/08992363-10742551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-10742551","url":null,"abstract":"Research Article| November 02 2023 Shit, in Silico: On the Postcolonial Materiality of Bioinformation Sonja van Wichelen Sonja van Wichelen Sonja van Wichelen is professor of anthropology and sociology at the University of Sydney in Australia. She is the author of Legitimating Life: Adoption in the Age of Globalization and Biotechnology (2019) and Religion Gender and Politics in Indonesia: Disputing the Muslim Body (2010). She was a member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, from 2020 to 2021. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Public Culture 10742551. https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-10742551 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Sonja van Wichelen; Shit, in Silico: On the Postcolonial Materiality of Bioinformation. Public Culture 2023; 10742551. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-10742551 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsPublic Culture Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2023 by Duke University Press2023 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.","PeriodicalId":47901,"journal":{"name":"Public Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1215/08992363-10742607
Joshua Barkan
Abstract Recent scholarship has emphasized the importance of extractive zones and enclaves in contemporary capitalism. This article seeks to understand the form of authority within these zones. To do so, it charts a brief genealogy of the concession, the reciprocal agreements entered into by states and companies that govern many extractive enclaves. Because concessions have a long, convoluted, and underexamined history, they are an ideal object for examining the shifting configurations of law, sovereignty, property, and government that undergird contemporary extraction. Neither simply public law nor private right, concessions are a unique legal form designed to produce nonsystematic and exceptional legal spaces that remain central to capitalist societies today.
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Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1215/08992363-10742621
Nikolas Kosmatopoulos
Abstract Although the imperial ship has been a key location through which to theorize colonialism and the origins of racial capitalism, little research exists on the postcolonial ship as an analytical indicator for the persistence and distinctiveness of contemporary racial capitalism. This article explores a largely uncharted territory through a critical appraisal of postwar Greek-owned shipping. Greece's dominant place in global shipping offers an illuminating and yet understudied entry point to political economies of neocolonial / racial capitalism at sea. The first part of this brief intervention invokes the Greek-owned tanker in threefold ways: as a geopolitical actor in response to the decolonization of maritime energy routes and to worldmaking at and through the sea; as a floating financial device that produces deterritorialized hierarchies of global space through processes of flagging-out and offshoring; and as a physical site where structures of racial capitalism, mainly in terms of labor, proliferate. The second part of the article discusses certain forms of community waters’ defense as a possible path toward decolonization and Indigenous efforts to “take sea back.”
{"title":"White in the Deep Blue","authors":"Nikolas Kosmatopoulos","doi":"10.1215/08992363-10742621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-10742621","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although the imperial ship has been a key location through which to theorize colonialism and the origins of racial capitalism, little research exists on the postcolonial ship as an analytical indicator for the persistence and distinctiveness of contemporary racial capitalism. This article explores a largely uncharted territory through a critical appraisal of postwar Greek-owned shipping. Greece's dominant place in global shipping offers an illuminating and yet understudied entry point to political economies of neocolonial / racial capitalism at sea. The first part of this brief intervention invokes the Greek-owned tanker in threefold ways: as a geopolitical actor in response to the decolonization of maritime energy routes and to worldmaking at and through the sea; as a floating financial device that produces deterritorialized hierarchies of global space through processes of flagging-out and offshoring; and as a physical site where structures of racial capitalism, mainly in terms of labor, proliferate. The second part of the article discusses certain forms of community waters’ defense as a possible path toward decolonization and Indigenous efforts to “take sea back.”","PeriodicalId":47901,"journal":{"name":"Public Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135933843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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