Abstract This essay argues that the international arms trade bound the revolutions in British North America, Saint-Domingue, and Spanish America in dependent relationships. Throughout the colonial era, an informal arms control regime made it impossible for Europe’s American subjects to mass-produce war material or buy enough on the open market to equip independence through war. As became clear by late 1776, even the hemisphere’s best-connected colonists could not overcome this obstacle. Only the decisions of France and Spain to secretly arm and then openly support the British North Americans made their revolution a success. But as France and Spain would soon come to realize, US independence fatally undermined the early modern arms control regime that had kept independence a practical impossibility in their own colonies. North American merchants became the indispensable arms dealers to the hemisphere’s later revolutionaries, first in Saint-Domingue and then across mainland Spanish America. Crucially, though, the United States never offered terms remotely as generous as those it had enjoyed during its own independence struggle. Rather than rely on imperial patronage or republican solidarity, Haitians and Spanish Americans had to navigate a cutthroat market to obtain the tools of independence. That comparative disadvantage would haunt their postcolonial histories.
{"title":"The Arms Trade and American Revolutions","authors":"Brian DeLay","doi":"10.1093/ahr/rhad241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad241","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This essay argues that the international arms trade bound the revolutions in British North America, Saint-Domingue, and Spanish America in dependent relationships. Throughout the colonial era, an informal arms control regime made it impossible for Europe’s American subjects to mass-produce war material or buy enough on the open market to equip independence through war. As became clear by late 1776, even the hemisphere’s best-connected colonists could not overcome this obstacle. Only the decisions of France and Spain to secretly arm and then openly support the British North Americans made their revolution a success. But as France and Spain would soon come to realize, US independence fatally undermined the early modern arms control regime that had kept independence a practical impossibility in their own colonies. North American merchants became the indispensable arms dealers to the hemisphere’s later revolutionaries, first in Saint-Domingue and then across mainland Spanish America. Crucially, though, the United States never offered terms remotely as generous as those it had enjoyed during its own independence struggle. Rather than rely on imperial patronage or republican solidarity, Haitians and Spanish Americans had to navigate a cutthroat market to obtain the tools of independence. That comparative disadvantage would haunt their postcolonial histories.","PeriodicalId":48016,"journal":{"name":"American Historical Review","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134994614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article Blake Scott Ball. Charlie Brown’s America: The Popular Politics of Peanuts. Get access Blake Scott Ball. Charlie Brown’s America: The Popular Politics of Peanuts. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021. Pp. 256. Cloth $34.95. Kerry Soper Kerry Soper Brigham Young University, US Email: kerry_soper@byu.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 128, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 1435–1489, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad262 Published: 26 September 2023
{"title":"Blake Scott Ball. <i>Charlie Brown’s America: The Popular Politics of Peanuts</i>.","authors":"Kerry Soper","doi":"10.1093/ahr/rhad262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad262","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Blake Scott Ball. Charlie Brown’s America: The Popular Politics of Peanuts. Get access Blake Scott Ball. Charlie Brown’s America: The Popular Politics of Peanuts. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021. Pp. 256. Cloth $34.95. Kerry Soper Kerry Soper Brigham Young University, US Email: kerry_soper@byu.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 128, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 1435–1489, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad262 Published: 26 September 2023","PeriodicalId":48016,"journal":{"name":"American Historical Review","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134994618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article Saikrishna Bangalore Prakash. The Living Presidency: An Originalist Argument Against its Ever-expanding Powers. Get access Saikrishna Bangalore Prakash. The Living Presidency: An Originalist Argument Against its Ever-expanding Powers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2020. Pp. 337. Cloth $29.95. Michael A. Genovese Michael A. Genovese Loyola Marymount University, US Email: mgenoves@lmu.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 128, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 1472, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad242 Published: 26 September 2023
期刊文章Saikrishna Bangalore Prakash。活着的总统:反对其不断扩大的权力的原旨主义论点。获得Saikrishna Bangalore Prakash。活着的总统:反对其不断扩大的权力的原旨主义论点。马萨诸塞州剑桥:哈佛大学出版社，2020年。337页。布29.95美元。Michael A. Genovese，美国Loyola Marymount大学电子邮件:mgenoves@lmu.edu搜索作者的其他作品:牛津学术谷歌学者美国历史评论，第128卷，第3期，2023年9月，第1472页，https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad242出版:2023年9月26日
{"title":"Saikrishna Bangalore Prakash. <i>The Living Presidency: An Originalist Argument Against its Ever-expanding Powers</i>.","authors":"Michael A. Genovese","doi":"10.1093/ahr/rhad242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad242","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Saikrishna Bangalore Prakash. The Living Presidency: An Originalist Argument Against its Ever-expanding Powers. Get access Saikrishna Bangalore Prakash. The Living Presidency: An Originalist Argument Against its Ever-expanding Powers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2020. Pp. 337. Cloth $29.95. Michael A. Genovese Michael A. Genovese Loyola Marymount University, US Email: mgenoves@lmu.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 128, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 1472, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad242 Published: 26 September 2023","PeriodicalId":48016,"journal":{"name":"American Historical Review","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134994298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article Susie Protschky. Photographic Subjects: Monarchy and Visual Culture in Colonial Indonesia. Get access Susie Protschky. Photographic Subjects: Monarchy and Visual Culture in Colonial Indonesia. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2019. Pp. 264. Cloth $130.00. Sandeep Ray Sandeep Ray University of Nottingham Malaysia, Malaysia Email: sandeep_ray@sutd.edu.sg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 128, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 1427–1478, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad153 Published: 26 September 2023
期刊文章Susie Protschky。摄影主题:印度尼西亚殖民地的君主制和视觉文化。联系Susie Protschky。摄影主题:印度尼西亚殖民地的君主制和视觉文化。曼彻斯特，英国:曼彻斯特大学出版社，2019。264页。布130.00美元。Sandeep Ray Sandeep Ray马来西亚诺丁汉大学，马来西亚电子邮件:sandeep_ray@sutd.edu.sg搜索作者的其他作品:牛津学术b谷歌学者美国历史评论，第128卷，第3期，2023年9月，1427-1478页，https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad153出版:2023年9月26日
{"title":"Susie Protschky. <i>Photographic Subjects: Monarchy and Visual Culture in Colonial Indonesia</i>.","authors":"Sandeep Ray","doi":"10.1093/ahr/rhad153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad153","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Susie Protschky. Photographic Subjects: Monarchy and Visual Culture in Colonial Indonesia. Get access Susie Protschky. Photographic Subjects: Monarchy and Visual Culture in Colonial Indonesia. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2019. Pp. 264. Cloth $130.00. Sandeep Ray Sandeep Ray University of Nottingham Malaysia, Malaysia Email: sandeep_ray@sutd.edu.sg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 128, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 1427–1478, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad153 Published: 26 September 2023","PeriodicalId":48016,"journal":{"name":"American Historical Review","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134994302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article Ida Altman. Life and Society in the Early Spanish Caribbean: The Greater Antilles, 1493–1550. Get access Ida Altman. Life and Society in the Early Spanish Caribbean: The Greater Antilles, 1493–1550. Baton Rouge, LA: LSU Press, 2021. Pp. vii, 284. Cloth $35.00. Jorge Díaz Ceballos Jorge Díaz Ceballos Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Spain Email: jdiaceb@upo.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 128, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 1432–1494, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad297 Published: 26 September 2023
期刊文章Ida Altman。早期西班牙加勒比地区的生活与社会:1493-1550年的大安的列斯群岛。找到艾达·奥特曼。早期西班牙加勒比地区的生活与社会:1493-1550年的大安的列斯群岛。巴吞鲁日，洛杉矶:路易斯安那州立大学出版社，2021年。第七页，284页。布35.00美元。Jorge Díaz Ceballos Jorge Díaz Ceballos Universidad Pablo de Olavide，西班牙电子邮件:jdiaceb@upo.es搜索作者的其他作品:牛津学术谷歌学者美国历史评论，卷128，第3期，2023年9月，1432-1494页，https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad297出版:2023年9月26日
{"title":"Ida Altman. <i>Life and Society in the Early Spanish Caribbean: The Greater Antilles, 1493–1550</i>.","authors":"Jorge Díaz Ceballos","doi":"10.1093/ahr/rhad297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad297","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Ida Altman. Life and Society in the Early Spanish Caribbean: The Greater Antilles, 1493–1550. Get access Ida Altman. Life and Society in the Early Spanish Caribbean: The Greater Antilles, 1493–1550. Baton Rouge, LA: LSU Press, 2021. Pp. vii, 284. Cloth $35.00. Jorge Díaz Ceballos Jorge Díaz Ceballos Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Spain Email: jdiaceb@upo.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 128, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 1432–1494, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad297 Published: 26 September 2023","PeriodicalId":48016,"journal":{"name":"American Historical Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134994758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inger Leemans, William Tullett, Caro Verbeek, Sofia Collette Ehrich, Kate McLean, Cecilia Bembibre, Victoria-Anne Michel
{"title":"Knowing by Sensing","authors":"Inger Leemans, William Tullett, Caro Verbeek, Sofia Collette Ehrich, Kate McLean, Cecilia Bembibre, Victoria-Anne Michel","doi":"10.1093/ahr/rhad359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad359","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48016,"journal":{"name":"American Historical Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134992781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article Svenja Bethke. Dance on the Razor’s Edge: Crime and Punishment in the Nazi Ghettos. Get access Svenja Bethke. Dance on the Razor’s Edge: Crime and Punishment in the Nazi Ghettos. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2021. Pp. 285. Cloth $70.00. Anna Hájková Anna Hájková University of Warwick, England Email: anna.hajkova@warwick.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 128, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 1494–1541, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad299 Published: 26 September 2023
{"title":"Svenja Bethke. <i>Dance on the Razor’s Edge: Crime and Punishment in the Nazi Ghettos</i>.","authors":"Anna Hájková","doi":"10.1093/ahr/rhad299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad299","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Svenja Bethke. Dance on the Razor’s Edge: Crime and Punishment in the Nazi Ghettos. Get access Svenja Bethke. Dance on the Razor’s Edge: Crime and Punishment in the Nazi Ghettos. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2021. Pp. 285. Cloth $70.00. Anna Hájková Anna Hájková University of Warwick, England Email: anna.hajkova@warwick.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 128, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 1494–1541, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad299 Published: 26 September 2023","PeriodicalId":48016,"journal":{"name":"American Historical Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134994427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article Steven Casey. The War Beat, Pacific: The American Media at War Against Japan. Get access Steven Casey. The War Beat, Pacific: The American Media at War Against Japan. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021. Pp. 395. Cloth $34.95. David Krugler David Krugler University of Wisconsin-Platteville, US Email: kruglerd@uwplatt.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 128, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 1444–1449, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad244 Published: 26 September 2023
{"title":"Steven Casey. <i>The War Beat, Pacific: The American Media at War Against Japan</i>.","authors":"David Krugler","doi":"10.1093/ahr/rhad244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad244","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Steven Casey. The War Beat, Pacific: The American Media at War Against Japan. Get access Steven Casey. The War Beat, Pacific: The American Media at War Against Japan. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021. Pp. 395. Cloth $34.95. David Krugler David Krugler University of Wisconsin-Platteville, US Email: kruglerd@uwplatt.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 128, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 1444–1449, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad244 Published: 26 September 2023","PeriodicalId":48016,"journal":{"name":"American Historical Review","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134994448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article Pritipuspa Mishra. Language and the Making of Modern India: Nationalism and the Vernacular in Colonial Odisha, 1803–1956. Get access Pritipuspa Mishra. Language and the Making of Modern India: Nationalism and the Vernacular in Colonial Odisha, 1803–1956. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. x, 247. Cloth $105.00. Jayanta Sengupta Jayanta Sengupta Independent scholar, India Email: jsengupt@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 128, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 1425–1446, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad254 Published: 26 September 2023
{"title":"Pritipuspa Mishra. <i>Language and the Making of Modern India: Nationalism and the Vernacular in Colonial Odisha, 1803–1956</i>.","authors":"Jayanta Sengupta","doi":"10.1093/ahr/rhad254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad254","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Pritipuspa Mishra. Language and the Making of Modern India: Nationalism and the Vernacular in Colonial Odisha, 1803–1956. Get access Pritipuspa Mishra. Language and the Making of Modern India: Nationalism and the Vernacular in Colonial Odisha, 1803–1956. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. x, 247. Cloth $105.00. Jayanta Sengupta Jayanta Sengupta Independent scholar, India Email: jsengupt@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 128, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 1425–1446, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad254 Published: 26 September 2023","PeriodicalId":48016,"journal":{"name":"American Historical Review","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134994452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article Stephen Preskill. Education in Black and White: Myles Horton and the Highlander Center’s Vision for Social Justice. Get access Stephen Preskill. Education in Black and White: Myles Horton and the Highlander Center’s Vision for Social Justice. Oakland: University of California Press, 2021. Pp. 384. Cloth $29.95. Deanna M. Gillespie Deanna M. Gillespie University of North Georgia, US Email: dee.gillespie@ung.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 128, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 1472, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad292 Published: 26 September 2023
{"title":"Stephen Preskill. <i>Education in Black and White: Myles Horton and the Highlander Center’s Vision for Social Justice</i>.","authors":"Deanna M. Gillespie","doi":"10.1093/ahr/rhad292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad292","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Stephen Preskill. Education in Black and White: Myles Horton and the Highlander Center’s Vision for Social Justice. Get access Stephen Preskill. Education in Black and White: Myles Horton and the Highlander Center’s Vision for Social Justice. Oakland: University of California Press, 2021. Pp. 384. Cloth $29.95. Deanna M. Gillespie Deanna M. Gillespie University of North Georgia, US Email: dee.gillespie@ung.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 128, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 1472, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad292 Published: 26 September 2023","PeriodicalId":48016,"journal":{"name":"American Historical Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134994607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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