Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113457
A. Anuratha, R. Ramesh, M. Ramasubramanian, V. Radhakrishnan, S. Kamalasundari, Shibi Sebastian, M. Selvamurugan, V. Krishnan
The study was conducted in the villages of Rayapuram and Keezhapattu in Tamil Nadu, as part of the National Innovation on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) project in the Needamangalam district of Thiruvarur from 2015 to 2018. These villages frequently experienced floods, particularly impacting the rabi season's crop growth and maturity. The monsoon season (September to December) contributed to about 71% of the total rainfall. A comparative analysis was carried out to assess the economic performance of the flood-resistant paddy variety CR 1009 sub 1 in contrast to the commonly grown CR 1009. Traditionally, farmers in Rayapuram and Keezhapattu favored CR 1009 due to its high market value during the monsoon period. However, they faced low income due to flooding in the rabi season. To address this challenge, scientists from KVK, Thiruvarur, recommended the flood-tolerant paddy variety CR 1009 sub 1 for cultivation during the rabi season under the "National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA)" project. Specific climate-resilient technologies, including flood-tolerant paddy variety "CR 1009 sub 1" and a high-yield, long-duration rice variety, were tested and demonstrated in the project villages to ensure rice production despite climatic variations leading to floods. It was crucial to assess how these varieties responded to climate vulnerabilities and how receptive farmers were to adopting them. Calculations were made to compare paddy productivity and economic returns under the improved technology with the traditional practices of farmers. The results indicated that the "CR 1009 sub 1" variety yielded higher harvests compared to the farmers' practices in the years 2015–16, 2016–17, and 2017–18, with increases of 12.60%, 11.69%, and 12.95% respectively. Furthermore, using improved technologies for paddy cultivation generated higher net returns of Rs. 57233, 60768, and 57728 per hectare in 2015–16, 2016–17, and 2017–18, respectively, in contrast to the farmers' practices (which yielded Rs. 49147, 50295, and 46266 per hectare in the same years). In comparison to the farmers' practices (with an average net return of Rs. 48569 per hectare and a benefit-cost ratio of 2.37), the demonstration fields showed an average net return of Rs. 58576 per hectare and a benefit-cost ratio of 2.56.
该研究是在泰米尔纳德邦的Rayapuram和Keezhapattu村进行的，作为2015年至2018年在蒂鲁瓦鲁邦Needamangalam地区开展的国家气候适应性农业创新(NICRA)项目的一部分。这些村庄经常遭受洪水，特别是影响了rabi季节的作物生长和成熟。季风季节(9月至12月)贡献了约71%的总降雨量。对抗洪水稻品种cr1009 sub 1与普通水稻品种cr1009的经济性能进行了比较分析。传统上，Rayapuram和Keezhapattu的农民青睐CR 1009，因为它在季风期间的市场价值很高。然而，由于rabi季节的洪水，他们的收入很低。为了应对这一挑战，来自Thiruvarur KVK的科学家们在“国家气候适应型农业创新(NICRA)”项目下推荐了耐涝水稻品种CR 1009 sub - 1在rabi季节进行种植。具体的气候适应技术，包括抗洪水稻品种“cr1009 sub - 1”和高产、长耕水稻品种，在项目村庄进行了测试和示范，以确保在气候变化导致洪水的情况下水稻生产。评估这些品种对气候脆弱性的反应以及农民对采用它们的接受程度是至关重要的。对改良技术下的水稻产量和经济效益与农民传统做法进行了计算比较。结果表明，“cr1009 sub - 1”品种在2015-16年、2016-17年和2017-18年的产量比农民的做法分别提高了12.60%、11.69%和12.95%。此外，在2015-16年、2016-17年和2017-18年，使用改进的水稻种植技术分别产生了每公顷57233卢比、60768卢比和57728卢比的更高净收益，而农民的做法(同一年每公顷收益为49147卢比、50295卢比和46266卢比)。与农民的做法(平均净收益为每公顷48569卢比，效益-成本比为2.37)相比，示范田的平均净收益为每公顷58576卢比，效益-成本比为2.56。
{"title":"Assessment of Yield Potential of Paddy Variety CR 1009 Sub 1 to Impart Resilience to Farmers in NICRA Village, Thiruvarur District, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"A. Anuratha, R. Ramesh, M. Ramasubramanian, V. Radhakrishnan, S. Kamalasundari, Shibi Sebastian, M. Selvamurugan, V. Krishnan","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113457","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in the villages of Rayapuram and Keezhapattu in Tamil Nadu, as part of the National Innovation on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) project in the Needamangalam district of Thiruvarur from 2015 to 2018. These villages frequently experienced floods, particularly impacting the rabi season's crop growth and maturity. The monsoon season (September to December) contributed to about 71% of the total rainfall. A comparative analysis was carried out to assess the economic performance of the flood-resistant paddy variety CR 1009 sub 1 in contrast to the commonly grown CR 1009. Traditionally, farmers in Rayapuram and Keezhapattu favored CR 1009 due to its high market value during the monsoon period. However, they faced low income due to flooding in the rabi season. To address this challenge, scientists from KVK, Thiruvarur, recommended the flood-tolerant paddy variety CR 1009 sub 1 for cultivation during the rabi season under the \"National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA)\" project. Specific climate-resilient technologies, including flood-tolerant paddy variety \"CR 1009 sub 1\" and a high-yield, long-duration rice variety, were tested and demonstrated in the project villages to ensure rice production despite climatic variations leading to floods. It was crucial to assess how these varieties responded to climate vulnerabilities and how receptive farmers were to adopting them. Calculations were made to compare paddy productivity and economic returns under the improved technology with the traditional practices of farmers. The results indicated that the \"CR 1009 sub 1\" variety yielded higher harvests compared to the farmers' practices in the years 2015–16, 2016–17, and 2017–18, with increases of 12.60%, 11.69%, and 12.95% respectively. Furthermore, using improved technologies for paddy cultivation generated higher net returns of Rs. 57233, 60768, and 57728 per hectare in 2015–16, 2016–17, and 2017–18, respectively, in contrast to the farmers' practices (which yielded Rs. 49147, 50295, and 46266 per hectare in the same years). In comparison to the farmers' practices (with an average net return of Rs. 48569 per hectare and a benefit-cost ratio of 2.37), the demonstration fields showed an average net return of Rs. 58576 per hectare and a benefit-cost ratio of 2.56.","PeriodicalId":480197,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Enviornment and Climate Change","volume":"32 47","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113456
Kancharla Ashok Kumar, M. Sreenivas, J. Cheena, G. Vidya, S. Praneeth Kumar
The present investigation entitled “Effect of different concentrations of auxin hormone (IBA) upon promoting root development of stem cuttings in the ‘Scented Geranium’, Pelargonium graveolens L” was carried out at Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Station, (MAPRS) Rajendranagar, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Hyderabad during December 2022 to February 2023. The experiments were conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications under a shade net house. Each replication consisted of seven treatments, which included a control group and six different concentrations of IBA (500 mg L-1, 1000 mg L-1, 1500 mg L-1, 2000 mg L-1, 2500 mg L-1, 3000 mg L-1). The results indicated, that among the various IBA concentrations tested, specifically IBA @ 2000 mg L-1 for stem cuttings, proved to be more effective than all other treatments in terms of various root parameters. It recorded the minimum days taken for root initiation and also recorded better results for the number of roots per cutting, average length of roots per cutting, length of longest root per cutting, fresh weight of roots per cutting, and dry weight of roots per cuttings.
{"title":"Effect of Different Concentrations of Auxin Hormone (IBA) Upon Promoting Root Development of Stem Cuttings in the ‘Scented Geranium’, Pelargonium graveolens L","authors":"Kancharla Ashok Kumar, M. Sreenivas, J. Cheena, G. Vidya, S. Praneeth Kumar","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113456","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation entitled “Effect of different concentrations of auxin hormone (IBA) upon promoting root development of stem cuttings in the ‘Scented Geranium’, Pelargonium graveolens L” was carried out at Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Station, (MAPRS) Rajendranagar, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Hyderabad during December 2022 to February 2023. The experiments were conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications under a shade net house. Each replication consisted of seven treatments, which included a control group and six different concentrations of IBA (500 mg L-1, 1000 mg L-1, 1500 mg L-1, 2000 mg L-1, 2500 mg L-1, 3000 mg L-1). The results indicated, that among the various IBA concentrations tested, specifically IBA @ 2000 mg L-1 for stem cuttings, proved to be more effective than all other treatments in terms of various root parameters. It recorded the minimum days taken for root initiation and also recorded better results for the number of roots per cutting, average length of roots per cutting, length of longest root per cutting, fresh weight of roots per cutting, and dry weight of roots per cuttings.","PeriodicalId":480197,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Enviornment and Climate Change","volume":"20 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This comprehensive review focuses on the role of bio-regulators in the growth and development of fruit and vegetable crops. Bio-regulators, also known as plant growth regulators or plant hormones, play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes in plants, including cell division, elongation, differentiation, and fruit ripening. The review explores the major types of bio-regulators commonly used in fruit and vegetable cultivation, including auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene. It examines their functions and effects on plant growth, flowering, fruit set, fruit development, and post-harvest characteristics. The review also discusses the widespread application of bio-regulators in horticultural practices, including seed treatment, foliar application, and post-harvest treatments. It highlights the potential benefits of using bio-regulators, such as improving crop yield, enhancing fruit quality traits, delaying senescence, and reducing post-harvest losses. Moreover, the review delves into the mechanisms of action of bio-regulators at the molecular, physiological, and biochemical levels. It investigates their interactions with various plant growth processes, signaling pathways, and gene expression patterns. Furthermore, the review addresses the challenges and limitations associated with the use of bio-regulators in fruit and vegetable production, such as dosage optimization, application timing, and potential negative impacts on the environment.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Role of Bio- Regulators in the Growth and Development of Fruit and Vegetable Crops","authors":"Shubham Jain, Nivedita Nidhi, Satishkumar Kale, Manjunath Rathod, Lalit Dhurve, Halkebhaiya Mehara, Bijay Kumar Baidya, None Shivani","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113458","url":null,"abstract":"This comprehensive review focuses on the role of bio-regulators in the growth and development of fruit and vegetable crops. Bio-regulators, also known as plant growth regulators or plant hormones, play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes in plants, including cell division, elongation, differentiation, and fruit ripening. The review explores the major types of bio-regulators commonly used in fruit and vegetable cultivation, including auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene. It examines their functions and effects on plant growth, flowering, fruit set, fruit development, and post-harvest characteristics. The review also discusses the widespread application of bio-regulators in horticultural practices, including seed treatment, foliar application, and post-harvest treatments. It highlights the potential benefits of using bio-regulators, such as improving crop yield, enhancing fruit quality traits, delaying senescence, and reducing post-harvest losses. Moreover, the review delves into the mechanisms of action of bio-regulators at the molecular, physiological, and biochemical levels. It investigates their interactions with various plant growth processes, signaling pathways, and gene expression patterns. Furthermore, the review addresses the challenges and limitations associated with the use of bio-regulators in fruit and vegetable production, such as dosage optimization, application timing, and potential negative impacts on the environment.","PeriodicalId":480197,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Enviornment and Climate Change","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our study on coffee white stem borers, Xylotrechus quadripes investigated the influence of different sex-based clustering factors on beetle survivorship and life spans. Our experiments involved various groups, including individually isolated virgin males, individually isolated virgin females, groups of only males, groups of only females, and mixed-sex groups. First, survivorship reached 100% within the initial 15 days for all groups except for isolated virgin males. In contrast, the survivorship rates of both groups involving only virgin females and only virgin males ranged from 80% to 90% compared to the maximum survival duration. Notably, in scenarios with males in groups or mixed-gender groups, survival dropped to zero percent after 45 days. Our study also highlighted the comparable costs incurred by males engaging in both homosexual and heterosexual interactions. Males interacting with females and other males exhibited similar survival curves, displaying shorter median life spans compared to isolated virgin males, suggesting that both courting and mounting behaviors, regardless of the recipient's sex, might affect the life span of males. Furthermore, our research revealed that female-female interactions, while less costly than male-male interactions, still reduced survival periods in only the female group. These findings highlight the cost possibly associated with same-sex interactions and shed light on the dynamics of mating behaviors in this beetle. In conclusion, our findings underscore the significance of studying behavioral and life history traits in different environmental contexts. Social circumstances and ecological factors significantly influence sexual differences in lifespan and highlight the complexity of the interplay between reproductive strategies and survival rates in Xylotrechus quadripes.
{"title":"Life Span Changes of Coffee White Stem Borers, Xylotrechus quadripes (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Response to Directed Homosexual and Heterosexual Interactions","authors":"Prashant Mangalgikar, Karumuru Raja Madhura Bhanu, Vasuki Belavadi, Shashank Pathour, Chandrashekharaiah Muniyappa, Byrappa Ammagarahalli","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113454","url":null,"abstract":"Our study on coffee white stem borers, Xylotrechus quadripes investigated the influence of different sex-based clustering factors on beetle survivorship and life spans. Our experiments involved various groups, including individually isolated virgin males, individually isolated virgin females, groups of only males, groups of only females, and mixed-sex groups. First, survivorship reached 100% within the initial 15 days for all groups except for isolated virgin males. In contrast, the survivorship rates of both groups involving only virgin females and only virgin males ranged from 80% to 90% compared to the maximum survival duration. Notably, in scenarios with males in groups or mixed-gender groups, survival dropped to zero percent after 45 days. Our study also highlighted the comparable costs incurred by males engaging in both homosexual and heterosexual interactions. Males interacting with females and other males exhibited similar survival curves, displaying shorter median life spans compared to isolated virgin males, suggesting that both courting and mounting behaviors, regardless of the recipient's sex, might affect the life span of males. Furthermore, our research revealed that female-female interactions, while less costly than male-male interactions, still reduced survival periods in only the female group. These findings highlight the cost possibly associated with same-sex interactions and shed light on the dynamics of mating behaviors in this beetle. In conclusion, our findings underscore the significance of studying behavioral and life history traits in different environmental contexts. Social circumstances and ecological factors significantly influence sexual differences in lifespan and highlight the complexity of the interplay between reproductive strategies and survival rates in Xylotrechus quadripes.","PeriodicalId":480197,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Enviornment and Climate Change","volume":"13 22","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113452
Neelesh Patel, J. P. Lakhani, Sanjay Kumar Singh, Pankaj Chauhan, Dhuruv Dangi, Pramod Kumar Prajapati
Present study was undertaken to estimate the G x E interactions and identify the stable genotypes for yield traits in field pea. A total of 43 field pea genotypes were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replications along with three different dates of sowing at BSP Soybean Unit, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur during Rabi Season 2022-2023. The analysis of variance was applied on 16 different quantitative traits both individually and pooled under various environmental conditions. The stability analysis for seed yield per plant was assessed using Eberhart and Russell's model, revealing significant variations among different genotypes and environmental conditions. The mean squares attributed to both environments and genotype-environment interactions (E + G x E) indicated significant interactions between genotypes and environments. Further, partitioning of genotype-environment (linear) interactions was found to be highly significant for seed yield per plant. Genotypes Shikha, KPMR 485 and HFP 94-12 were found ideal and stable genotypes for seed yield per plant as that possessed mean value higher than general mean, regression coefficient near to unity (Bi=1) with minimum deviation from regression (S2di~0). Thus, identified stable genotypes can be utilized for different seasons and regions for obtaining the stable yield performance.
本研究对大田豌豆进行了G与E相互作用的估计，并确定了稳定的产量性状基因型。采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)，在2022-2023年拉比季期间，在贾巴尔浦尔JNKVV农学院遗传与植物育种系BSP大豆单元，分3个重复和3个不同的播种日期对43个大田豌豆基因型进行评价。对不同环境条件下的16个不同数量性状分别进行了方差分析和汇总分析。利用Eberhart和Russell的模型对单株种子产量的稳定性分析进行了评估，揭示了不同基因型和不同环境条件下的显著差异。环境和基因型-环境相互作用的均方(E + G x E)表明基因型与环境之间存在显著的相互作用。此外，基因型-环境(线性)相互作用的分配对单株种子产量非常显著。Shikha、KPMR 485和HFP 94-12是单株种子产量的理想稳定基因型，其平均值高于一般平均值，回归系数接近1 (Bi=1)，回归偏差最小(S2di~0)。因此，鉴定出的稳定基因型可用于不同的季节和地区，以获得稳定的产量性能。
{"title":"Stability Analysis in Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes under Various Environmental Conditions","authors":"Neelesh Patel, J. P. Lakhani, Sanjay Kumar Singh, Pankaj Chauhan, Dhuruv Dangi, Pramod Kumar Prajapati","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113452","url":null,"abstract":"Present study was undertaken to estimate the G x E interactions and identify the stable genotypes for yield traits in field pea. A total of 43 field pea genotypes were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replications along with three different dates of sowing at BSP Soybean Unit, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur during Rabi Season 2022-2023. The analysis of variance was applied on 16 different quantitative traits both individually and pooled under various environmental conditions. The stability analysis for seed yield per plant was assessed using Eberhart and Russell's model, revealing significant variations among different genotypes and environmental conditions. The mean squares attributed to both environments and genotype-environment interactions (E + G x E) indicated significant interactions between genotypes and environments. Further, partitioning of genotype-environment (linear) interactions was found to be highly significant for seed yield per plant. Genotypes Shikha, KPMR 485 and HFP 94-12 were found ideal and stable genotypes for seed yield per plant as that possessed mean value higher than general mean, regression coefficient near to unity (Bi=1) with minimum deviation from regression (S2di~0). Thus, identified stable genotypes can be utilized for different seasons and regions for obtaining the stable yield performance.","PeriodicalId":480197,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Enviornment and Climate Change","volume":"30 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134992094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113459
Vijaysingh Thakur, C. M. Nawalagatti, M. B. Chetti, J. S. Hilli, R. V. Patil
An experiment was carried out in order to assess the behavior of the moth bean seed quality in 4 types of packaging including cloth, gunny, HDPE, and vacuum-packed bags for 18 months. After two months of storage, the moisture content of the seeds fluctuated greatly in cloth, gunny, and HDPE bags (conventional packaging) because these materials are pervious, but the moisture content of the seeds did not vary in vacuum packed bags as the polythene bag used for the vacuum package was thicker, had a lower water vapor and oxygen transmission rate. Further, seeds in conventional packaging’s developed bruchid infestations after 4 months of storage but no infestation was found in vacuum-packed bags until 18 months. The bruchid infestation caused the germination rate of the seeds to drop to less than 20%. In comparison to the initial state, even after 18 months of storage, there was little change in the parameters used for measuring seed quality (germination, total seedling length, seedling dry weight, moisture content, and protein content). Therefore, without the use of chemicals, moth bean seeds can be safely stored using vacuum packaging technology.
{"title":"Seed Quality Behaviour Variation of Moth Bean during Storage in Different Packaging","authors":"Vijaysingh Thakur, C. M. Nawalagatti, M. B. Chetti, J. S. Hilli, R. V. Patil","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113459","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was carried out in order to assess the behavior of the moth bean seed quality in 4 types of packaging including cloth, gunny, HDPE, and vacuum-packed bags for 18 months. After two months of storage, the moisture content of the seeds fluctuated greatly in cloth, gunny, and HDPE bags (conventional packaging) because these materials are pervious, but the moisture content of the seeds did not vary in vacuum packed bags as the polythene bag used for the vacuum package was thicker, had a lower water vapor and oxygen transmission rate. Further, seeds in conventional packaging’s developed bruchid infestations after 4 months of storage but no infestation was found in vacuum-packed bags until 18 months. The bruchid infestation caused the germination rate of the seeds to drop to less than 20%. In comparison to the initial state, even after 18 months of storage, there was little change in the parameters used for measuring seed quality (germination, total seedling length, seedling dry weight, moisture content, and protein content). Therefore, without the use of chemicals, moth bean seeds can be safely stored using vacuum packaging technology.","PeriodicalId":480197,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Enviornment and Climate Change","volume":"22 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the feeding behaviour of Sahiwal calves raised under Azolla pinnata feeding throughout the cold season in the morning hours. Eighteen female Sahiwal calves weighing 56 kg at four months of age were used for this experiment, and they were split into three treatment groups. Treatment groups T1 and T2 received 15% and 30% of their concentrate's protein supplementation from Azolla pinnata, respectively, whereas the control group received diet that was complied with ICAR, 2013 feeding guidelines. Feeding behaviour of calves were analysed with the help of instantaneous scan sampling technique and weekly 8 hours of behaviour was recoreded ( 2 hours in a day, four times per week) in early morning hours from 09.00 to 11.00 am. Eating behaviour at 1st month of study was statistically significant in treatment groups T1 (26.5±0.29) and T2 group (26.5±0.20) as compared to control group (24.375±0.23) while numerically higher in treatment groups over the whole study period as Azolla pinnata has better mineral profiling and protein rich source, rumination time period was higher in T1 and T2 group and it might be due to the better resting behaviour in the treatment groups. However, better health status was reported in treatment groups over the control groups. From, this study it may be concluded that Azolla pinnata feeding may acts as an alternate protein source by improving the feeding and resting behaviour without affecting the overall performance of calves.
{"title":"Evaluating the Behaviour of Sahiwal Calves under Azolla pinnata Feeding During the Cold Season","authors":"Ninad Bhatt, Ramesh Chandra, Suresh Kumar, Deepesh Bharat Mishra, Asish Debbarma, None Rajneesh","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113461","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the feeding behaviour of Sahiwal calves raised under Azolla pinnata feeding throughout the cold season in the morning hours. Eighteen female Sahiwal calves weighing 56 kg at four months of age were used for this experiment, and they were split into three treatment groups. Treatment groups T1 and T2 received 15% and 30% of their concentrate's protein supplementation from Azolla pinnata, respectively, whereas the control group received diet that was complied with ICAR, 2013 feeding guidelines. Feeding behaviour of calves were analysed with the help of instantaneous scan sampling technique and weekly 8 hours of behaviour was recoreded ( 2 hours in a day, four times per week) in early morning hours from 09.00 to 11.00 am. Eating behaviour at 1st month of study was statistically significant in treatment groups T1 (26.5±0.29) and T2 group (26.5±0.20) as compared to control group (24.375±0.23) while numerically higher in treatment groups over the whole study period as Azolla pinnata has better mineral profiling and protein rich source, rumination time period was higher in T1 and T2 group and it might be due to the better resting behaviour in the treatment groups. However, better health status was reported in treatment groups over the control groups. From, this study it may be concluded that Azolla pinnata feeding may acts as an alternate protein source by improving the feeding and resting behaviour without affecting the overall performance of calves.","PeriodicalId":480197,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Enviornment and Climate Change","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minimum tillage methods offer numerous benefits compared to conventional tillage, including reduced farm operations to establish a good seedbed. Spot tillage, in particular, has advantages such as preserving soil structure, preventing erosion, saving time and energy, and reducing input costs. For this study, the effect of different auger size (40, 50 & 70mm) which was operated by 12V DC motor at different depth of operations (80, 120 & 160mm) were determined. The different parameters were measured such as bulk density, cone index, germination percentage, root length, root weight and cob weight for maize crop (GAYMH-3) and same for traditional sowing method. The results showed that auger size (40, 50 & 70mm) and depth of operation (80, 120 & 160mm) significantly influenced bulk density as bulk density of the soil increased with depth and decrease with increase in auger size. The larger auger (70mm) resulting in lower values in bulk density due to more soil removal. However, cone index was not significantly affected by auger size (40, 50 & 70mm) and depth of operation (80, 120 & 160mm). Seed germination for maize was consistently around 90%, with no significant effects of auger size and depth of operation were observed. An auger size (70mm) was associated with shorter root lengths. Increasing depth resulted in greater root development, leading to longer roots was observed in small size augers. Larger auger size and deeper depths generally resulted in higher root weights. Cob weight increased with auger size (70mm) and deeper depths. Auger size and depth significantly impacted cob weight. Overall, results showed that auger having the size of 70mm and depth of operation at 160mm was desirable compared to other auger size in terms of lower bulk density and cone index but increased root weight and cob weight of maize crop.
{"title":"Effect of Auger Size and Depth of Operation on Bulk Density, Cone Index, Germination, Root Length, Root Weight and Cob Weight for Maize Crop","authors":"Kripanarayan Shukla, Pankaj Gupta, Shubham Dhakad, Ghanshyam Panwar","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113460","url":null,"abstract":"Minimum tillage methods offer numerous benefits compared to conventional tillage, including reduced farm operations to establish a good seedbed. Spot tillage, in particular, has advantages such as preserving soil structure, preventing erosion, saving time and energy, and reducing input costs. For this study, the effect of different auger size (40, 50 & 70mm) which was operated by 12V DC motor at different depth of operations (80, 120 & 160mm) were determined. The different parameters were measured such as bulk density, cone index, germination percentage, root length, root weight and cob weight for maize crop (GAYMH-3) and same for traditional sowing method. The results showed that auger size (40, 50 & 70mm) and depth of operation (80, 120 & 160mm) significantly influenced bulk density as bulk density of the soil increased with depth and decrease with increase in auger size. The larger auger (70mm) resulting in lower values in bulk density due to more soil removal. However, cone index was not significantly affected by auger size (40, 50 & 70mm) and depth of operation (80, 120 & 160mm). Seed germination for maize was consistently around 90%, with no significant effects of auger size and depth of operation were observed. An auger size (70mm) was associated with shorter root lengths. Increasing depth resulted in greater root development, leading to longer roots was observed in small size augers. Larger auger size and deeper depths generally resulted in higher root weights. Cob weight increased with auger size (70mm) and deeper depths. Auger size and depth significantly impacted cob weight. Overall, results showed that auger having the size of 70mm and depth of operation at 160mm was desirable compared to other auger size in terms of lower bulk density and cone index but increased root weight and cob weight of maize crop.","PeriodicalId":480197,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Enviornment and Climate Change","volume":"20 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113451
Radha Morya, Anjni Mastkar, Rahul Morya, Anjali Bhargava, H. S. Kushwaha
A field experiments was conducted on sandy loam soil during 2016 -17 and 2017 -18 at M.G. chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P.) to find out the most productive and profitable mustard based cropping system under different moisture conservation practices. Treatment consisted three cropping systems viz. Sesame –mustard, green gram-mustard and urdbean –mustard and four moisture conservation practices (no irrigation, life saving irrigation, straw mulch @4 t/ha and kaolin 5% spray). Results revealed that on pooled basis of two years mulching @4 t/ha produced significantly higher grain yield of sesame (512 kg/ha), green gram (1023 kg/ha) urdbean (2349 kg/ha) and mustard (2558kg/ha) than no irrigation while numerical enhancement were recorded under life saving irrigation and kaolin 5 % spray treatment in seed yield of sesame, green gram, urdbean and mustard crop. The maximum mustard equivalent grain yield of 3759 kg/ha, system production efficiency of 33.52 kg/ha/day and system profitability of 339.00 Rs/ha/day was recorded under green gram – mustard system. Among the moisture conservation practices, straw mulch treatment had highest mustard equivalent grain yield of 4021 kg/ha, production efficiency of 35.83 kg/ha/day and system profitability (35.83 Rs/ha/day). The gross returns (Rs 182764/ha), net returns (Rs 139644/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (3.24) were maximized under green gram- mustard system x straw mulch @4 t/ha treatment on pooled basis.
{"title":"Productivity and Profitability of Sesame / Green Gram / Urdbean – Mustard Based Cropping Systems under Moisture Conservation Practices","authors":"Radha Morya, Anjni Mastkar, Rahul Morya, Anjali Bhargava, H. S. Kushwaha","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113451","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiments was conducted on sandy loam soil during 2016 -17 and 2017 -18 at M.G. chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P.) to find out the most productive and profitable mustard based cropping system under different moisture conservation practices. Treatment consisted three cropping systems viz. Sesame –mustard, green gram-mustard and urdbean –mustard and four moisture conservation practices (no irrigation, life saving irrigation, straw mulch @4 t/ha and kaolin 5% spray). Results revealed that on pooled basis of two years mulching @4 t/ha produced significantly higher grain yield of sesame (512 kg/ha), green gram (1023 kg/ha) urdbean (2349 kg/ha) and mustard (2558kg/ha) than no irrigation while numerical enhancement were recorded under life saving irrigation and kaolin 5 % spray treatment in seed yield of sesame, green gram, urdbean and mustard crop. The maximum mustard equivalent grain yield of 3759 kg/ha, system production efficiency of 33.52 kg/ha/day and system profitability of 339.00 Rs/ha/day was recorded under green gram – mustard system. Among the moisture conservation practices, straw mulch treatment had highest mustard equivalent grain yield of 4021 kg/ha, production efficiency of 35.83 kg/ha/day and system profitability (35.83 Rs/ha/day). The gross returns (Rs 182764/ha), net returns (Rs 139644/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (3.24) were maximized under green gram- mustard system x straw mulch @4 t/ha treatment on pooled basis.","PeriodicalId":480197,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Enviornment and Climate Change","volume":"18 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113455
Gunda Kavya, P. Senguttuvel, D. Shivani, Kalyani M. Barbadikar
The present investigation was conducted to estimate genetic variability parameters such as genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), heritability (h2) and genetic advance (GA) along with correlations and path coefficients from data collected on 40 F4-F5 population derived from a cross between aerobic restorer AR 9-18 and blast resistant donor MSM 1212 possessing Pi54. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied. Moderate GCV and PCV was observed for number of productive tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, per day productivity and single plant yield. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean were observed for number of productive tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, per day productivity and single plant yield, whereas high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance as percent of mean were observed for panicle length, spikelet fertility, thousand grain weight and plant height. Grain yield per plant showed positive correlation with per day productivity, days to 50% flowering, panicle length, number of productive tillers per plant, thousand grain weight and spikelet fertility, while, negative association with number of grains per panicle and plant height. The trait per day productivity had highest direct effect on single plant yield followed by days to 50% flowering, panicle length, number of productive tillers per plant, thousand grain weight, spikelet fertility (%). Hence, per day productivity and number of productive tillers per plant are identified as key traits for developing high yielding genotypes of rice for future breeding programme.
{"title":"Estimation of Variability, Correlation Coefficient and Path Analysis in Improved Restorer Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Gunda Kavya, P. Senguttuvel, D. Shivani, Kalyani M. Barbadikar","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113455","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was conducted to estimate genetic variability parameters such as genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), heritability (h2) and genetic advance (GA) along with correlations and path coefficients from data collected on 40 F4-F5 population derived from a cross between aerobic restorer AR 9-18 and blast resistant donor MSM 1212 possessing Pi54. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied. Moderate GCV and PCV was observed for number of productive tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, per day productivity and single plant yield. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean were observed for number of productive tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, per day productivity and single plant yield, whereas high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance as percent of mean were observed for panicle length, spikelet fertility, thousand grain weight and plant height. Grain yield per plant showed positive correlation with per day productivity, days to 50% flowering, panicle length, number of productive tillers per plant, thousand grain weight and spikelet fertility, while, negative association with number of grains per panicle and plant height. The trait per day productivity had highest direct effect on single plant yield followed by days to 50% flowering, panicle length, number of productive tillers per plant, thousand grain weight, spikelet fertility (%). Hence, per day productivity and number of productive tillers per plant are identified as key traits for developing high yielding genotypes of rice for future breeding programme.","PeriodicalId":480197,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Enviornment and Climate Change","volume":"29 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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